Legal protection of domains in relation to the right of indication The subject of this thesis is a legal protection of domain names. Domain names are used as humanly memorable names for Internet and serve as simple address to access websites. Each domain name has to be unique, it is not possible to register two or more identical names. This makes them very valuable and worth of protecting. The registration process of domain names is very simple and cheap, mostly based on the principle "first come, first served". No one has an automatic right to a particular name. This cause many conflicts, because the principles of registration are often abused by domain speculators. However, the domain names are not subject of special legal regulation in the most countries (Czech republic included). The thesis is composed of two parts. The first part is divided in five chapters. Initiative chapters are focused on defining the concept of domain names, their technical aspects, hierarchical structure and types. In this part is also mentioned Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and its Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). Further, this part contains a description of the registration process of domain names under the country-code top level domain ".cz" (ccTLD.cz) and the legal aspects of domain...

La thèse se propose de définir un modèle de valorisation des noms de domaine, ces identifiants numériques sur Internet.Identifiants numériques assimilables à des numéros de série évolués, les noms de domaine ont été dévoyés de leur fonction principale au cours des trente dernières années, jusqu’à devenir aujurd’hui des actifs immatériels faisant l’objet de transactions importantes, atteignant plusieurs millions de dollars.De la création des extensions de noms de domaine à leur délégation, nous verrons comment les chartes de nommage et la gouvernance d’Internet ont affecté la nature et le positionnement des noms de domaine d’un point de venue technique et économique. Dans un deuxième temps nous verrons les différentes méthodes de valorisation existantes et nous en sélectionnerons une afin de l’appliquer pour les noms de domaine.Dans le cadre de l’expérimentation associée, nous chercherons à définir des tendances de valeur, des corrélations et nous chercherons à déterminer si la valeur des noms de domaine s’avère être prédictive.Enfin, nous proposerons une méthode de valorisation des noms de domaine basée sur cette expérimentation ainsi que différents outils permettant de gérer au mieux un parc de noms de domaine comme c’est fréquemment le cas au sein de grandes sociétés / The thesis aims to define a model for valuing domain names, these digital identifiers on the Internet. Digital identifiers that can be likened to advanced serial numbers, domain names have been diverted from their main function over the past thirty years, until today they have become intangible assets that are the subject of major transactions, reaching several million dollars.From the creation of domain name extensions to their delegation, we will see how naming charters and Internet governance have affected the nature and positioning of domain names from a technical and economic point of view. In a second step we will look at the different existing valuation methods and select one in order to apply it to domain names.As part of the associated experimentation, we will seek to define value trends, correlations and determine whether the value of domain names is predictive. Finally, we will propose a method for valuing domain names based on this experimentation as well as various tools to better manage a fleet of domain names, as is often the case in large companies.

This research project began with the objective of obtaining a deeper understanding of the conduct of business on the Internet. Research regarding the overall performance of business on the Web has been limited due to several constraining factors. Firstly, the shear size, volume, and perceived complexity of business on the Web made it an imposing target for research. Secondly, the interdisciplinary nature of the field had an initial dampening effect on research activity. Kuhn (1962) describes this phenomenon as the insufficiency of methodological directives. He writes (p. 3) ‘Instructed to examine electrical or chemical phenomena, the man who is ignorant of these fields but who knows what it is to be scientific may legitimately reach any one of a number of incompatible conclusions. Among those legitimate possibilities, the particular conclusions he does arrive at are probably determined by his prior experience in the other fields’. Thirdly, academic interest in Web businesses was somewhat diminished by the bursting of the dot com bubble during 2000-2001 as evidenced by the fact that many academic programs in electronic commerce have been discontinued or significantly reduced (Featherstone, Ellis & Borstorff 2004). Lastly, methodological issues arose which limited the application of previously available sampling methods. The impact of this meant that drawing representative samples of websites in order to examine business behaviour became a more complex endeavour. As a result, many fundamental questions regarding business on the Web have remained unanswered. For example, there has been no clear answer to the question of what new business models, if any, are evolving within the Web environment. What is the role of entrepreneurship employing the Web? What are the key elements or mechanisms driving business expansion in the Web? Some have suggested that Web use necessitates greater business cooperation than may be necessary in the non-virtual world. Is there evidence that this is so? This thesis addresses these questions. It accomplishes this by reducing the function of business on the Internet to its simplest element, the domain name, and by employing innovative methodologies to explore the business environment of the Web. Using Complexity and Network Theories as a contextual framework , and based upon a review of existing literature, this thesis develops a series of propositions regarding both the conduct and attributes of Web business, and proceeds to present evidence of confirmation or refutation of these propositions.

Santraukoje yra nurodomas šio baigiamojo magistro darbo objektas, tikslas bei hipotezė. Taip pat trumpai yra apibūdinamas darbo turinys bei pagrindiniai nagrinėti aspektai. Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo tyrimo objektas – prekių ženklai elektroninėje erdvėje. Baigiamajame darbe yra nagrinėjami teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys prekių ženklų savininkų teises, teisės mokslininkų doktrina. Didelis dėmesys skirtas teismų, ypatingai JAV praktikai, kadangi šioje valstybėje buvo nagrinėta daugiausia prekių ženklų pažeidimų elektroninėje erdvėje atvejų. Darbo tikslas yra įvertinti prekių ženklų panaudojimą elektroninėje erdvėje, prekių ženklų savininkų teises bei jų gynimo būdus, teisinio reglamentavimo bei praktinio įgyvendinimo efektyvumą ir pasiūlyti galimus problemų sprendimo variantus. Magistro baigiamajame darbe yra aptariamos pagrindinės prekių ženklų panaudojimo elektroninėje erdvėje problemos, nagrinėjamos per prekių ženklų principų prizmę, kadangi interneto prigimtis prieštarauja pagrindiniam prekių ženklų teisės principui – teritoriniam. Išsamiai analizuojami prekių ženklų pažeidimai naudojant paslėptus ir atvirus raktinius žodžius, internetines nuorodas bei rėmelius, atsižvelgiant į teismų praktiką, kuri, deja, yra labai nevieninga. Didžiausias dėmesys skiriamas prekių ženklų pažeidimams elektroninėje erdvėje naudojant domenų vardus. Šių prekių ženklų savininkų teisių pažeidimo praktikoje yra daugiausia – dėl to yra gausi, ypatingai JAV teismų praktika. Darbo pabaigoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The summary outlines the subject matter, purpose and hypothesis of the thesis. In addition it shortly describes the content and main aspects of this final work. The subject matter of this thesis is – trademarks in cyberspace. In this final work legal acts that regulate rights of trademark owners‘and civil remedies for their infringement, actual jurisprudence in trademark cases are analyzed. Great attention was imposed on jurisprudence of US, as in this country we can find the most infringement cases. The main purpose of this thesis is to valuate the usage of trademarks in cyberspace, owners’ rights and their civil remedies legal regulation and propose possible solution of the problem. This final work deals with main problems, related to the use of trademarks in cyberspace. Trademarks are major commercial instruments that play an important role in the electronic market place. The problems arises from the basic principles of trademark law and the nature of cyberspace. The trademarks infringement arise when trademarks (espaciallu well known ones) are used in internet frames, links, keywords or meta-tags. Beside other legal problems, this final masters’ work undertakes a survey of trademark issues connected with the registration and use of domain names, at the end is a short analysis about dispute investigations. This final work raises hypothesis that there is no proper regulation of trademarks owners’ rights and civil remedies for their infringement in cyberspace. And this does... [to full text]

This research project began with the objective of obtaining a deeper understanding of the conduct of business on the Internet. Research regarding the overall performance of business on the Web has been limited due to several constraining factors. Firstly, the shear size, volume, and perceived complexity of business on the Web made it an imposing target for research. Secondly, the interdisciplinary nature of the field had an initial dampening effect on research activity. Kuhn (1962) describes this phenomenon as the insufficiency of methodological directives. He writes (p. 3) ‘Instructed to examine electrical or chemical phenomena, the man who is ignorant of these fields but who knows what it is to be scientific may legitimately reach any one of a number of incompatible conclusions. Among those legitimate possibilities, the particular conclusions he does arrive at are probably determined by his prior experience in the other fields’. Thirdly, academic interest in Web businesses was somewhat diminished by the bursting of the dot com bubble during 2000-2001 as evidenced by the fact that many academic programs in electronic commerce have been discontinued or significantly reduced (Featherstone, Ellis & Borstorff 2004). Lastly, methodological issues arose which limited the application of previously available sampling methods. The impact of this meant that drawing representative samples of websites in order to examine business behaviour became a more complex endeavour. As a result, many fundamental questions regarding business on the Web have remained unanswered. For example, there has been no clear answer to the question of what new business models, if any, are evolving within the Web environment. What is the role of entrepreneurship employing the Web? What are the key elements or mechanisms driving business expansion in the Web? Some have suggested that Web use necessitates greater business cooperation than may be necessary in the non-virtual world. Is there evidence that this is so? This thesis addresses these questions. It accomplishes this by reducing the function of business on the Internet to its simplest element, the domain name, and by employing innovative methodologies to explore the business environment of the Web. Using Complexity and Network Theories as a contextual framework , and based upon a review of existing literature, this thesis develops a series of propositions regarding both the conduct and attributes of Web business, and proceeds to present evidence of confirmation or refutation of these propositions.

This research project began with the objective of obtaining a deeper understanding of the conduct of business on the Internet. Research regarding the overall performance of business on the Web has been limited due to several constraining factors. Firstly, the shear size, volume, and perceived complexity of business on the Web made it an imposing target for research. Secondly, the interdisciplinary nature of the field had an initial dampening effect on research activity. Kuhn (1962) describes this phenomenon as the insufficiency of methodological directives. He writes (p. 3) ‘Instructed to examine electrical or chemical phenomena, the man who is ignorant of these fields but who knows what it is to be scientific may legitimately reach any one of a number of incompatible conclusions. Among those legitimate possibilities, the particular conclusions he does arrive at are probably determined by his prior experience in the other fields’. Thirdly, academic interest in Web businesses was somewhat diminished by the bursting of the dot com bubble during 2000-2001 as evidenced by the fact that many academic programs in electronic commerce have been discontinued or significantly reduced (Featherstone, Ellis & Borstorff 2004). Lastly, methodological issues arose which limited the application of previously available sampling methods. The impact of this meant that drawing representative samples of websites in order to examine business behaviour became a more complex endeavour. As a result, many fundamental questions regarding business on the Web have remained unanswered. For example, there has been no clear answer to the question of what new business models, if any, are evolving within the Web environment. What is the role of entrepreneurship employing the Web? What are the key elements or mechanisms driving business expansion in the Web? Some have suggested that Web use necessitates greater business cooperation than may be necessary in the non-virtual world. Is there evidence that this is so? This thesis addresses these questions. It accomplishes this by reducing the function of business on the Internet to its simplest element, the domain name, and by employing innovative methodologies to explore the business environment of the Web. Using Complexity and Network Theories as a contextual framework , and based upon a review of existing literature, this thesis develops a series of propositions regarding both the conduct and attributes of Web business, and proceeds to present evidence of confirmation or refutation of these propositions.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-69). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-69). Also available on the Internet.

Submitted by MARK WILLIAM DATYSGELD null (markwdt@gmail.com) on 2017-06-28T08:14:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao mestrado Mark-Final-1.pdf: 1155264 bytes, checksum: 2746bbe3837cd33a3221403026d8f0a8 (MD5) / Rejected by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido está sem a ficha catalográfica. A versão submetida por você é considerada a versão final da dissertação/tese, portanto não poderá ocorrer qualquer alteração em seu conteúdo após a aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-06-28T20:32:21Z (GMT) / Submitted by MARK WILLIAM DATYSGELD null (markwdt@gmail.com) on 2017-07-06T16:36:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao mestrado Mark-Final.pdf: 1072549 bytes, checksum: ed07ad610faed62cd8293f9a5d8c5c19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-12T20:42:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 datysgeld_mw_me_mar.pdf: 1072549 bytes, checksum: ed07ad610faed62cd8293f9a5d8c5c19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T20:42:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 datysgeld_mw_me_mar.pdf: 1072549 bytes, checksum: ed07ad610faed62cd8293f9a5d8c5c19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O termo governança global tomou nova forma na Governança da Internet, onde a maior parte das instituições utiliza-se do modelo multistakeholder, formando espaços de diálogo e processos decisórios com diversos atores, sejam estes estatais, privados, civis ou acadêmicos. Propõe-se então a análise do estudo de caso da ICANN, instituição responsável pela administração dos contratos relacionados à regulação do uso dos Nomes e Números, o DNS. Por meio de leitura acadêmica, jornalística, pesquisa de campo, participação em conferências e entrevistas com pessoas relevantes à área. Procedeu-se a elaboração, utilizando-se do material dessas diversas fontes, de um panorama da contextualização da revolução tecnológica que levou à Internet atual, e também da governança global. Posteriormente, passou-se para o ecossistema de Governança da Internet como conceito e prática. Assim, o estudo de caso está inserido em um contexto maior, de modo que se possa compreendê-lo em seus intrincados pormenores. Ao contrário da maioria das instituições transnacionais, que acabam por ter caráter recomendativo, na ICANN as decisões são realmente efetuadas. Apesar de o modelo multistakeholder propor igualdade entre os atores, alguns possuem maior influência. Antes da Transição IANA, os Estados Unidos tinham um peso muito maior, agora largamente ocupado pelo setor privado. A Governança da Internet é única dentro da governança global. Esta deve sua distinção a algumas possíveis razões, como o desenho técnico da Internet. Portanto, há grande possibilidade de este não ser um modelo reprodutível em outras áreas. O modelo multistakeholder apresenta um modo divergente de avaliar-se as relações entre atores no Sistema Internacional e o limite do poder do Estado. Mesmo que não haja continuidade no modelo atual, o campo de estudos é extenso e ainda longe de alcançar sua maturidade. / The term global governance has taken a new form in Internet Governance, where most institutions use the multistakeholder model, forming spaces for dialogue and decision-making processes with various actors, including states, companies, civil society or academia. An analysis of the ICANN case study, the institution responsible for administering contracts related to the regulation of the use of Names and Numbers, the DNS, is then proposed. The research was done through academic reading, journalism, field research, participation in conferences and interviews with people relevant to the area. With the material from these various sources, it was elaborated a panorama of the technological revolution contextualization that led to the Internet as it is today, as well as to global governance. Subsequently, we moved on to the Internet Governance ecosystem as a concept and practice. Thus, the case study is embedded in a larger context, so that one can understand it in its intricate details. Unlike most transnational institutions, which are deliberation bodies, ICANN decisions are actually carried out. Although the multistakeholder model proposes equality among the actors, some have greater influence. Prior to the IANA Transition, the United States had a much greater weight, now largely occupied by the private sector. Internet Governance is unique within global governance. It owes its distinction to some possible reasons, such as the technical drawing of the Internet. Therefore, there is a great possibility that this is not a reproducible model in other areas. The multistakeholder model presents a divergent way of assessing the relations between actors in the International System and the limit of state power. Even if there is no continuity in the current model, the field of study is extensive and still far from reaching maturity.

The goal of this dissertation was to conduct an analysis of domain name accounting according to HGB and IFRS, based on generic, qualified and personal domain names and in consideration of the effect of the relationship to brands and websites as related assets on their recognition, measurement and presentation in the balance sheet. In this regard, the focus of interest lied in clarifying the differences and similarities in domain name accounting, between the rather creditor-oriented HGB and the more capital market-oriented IFRS, between the major types of domain names and between theory and practice.