Les cytokinines sont des hormones régulant de nombreux processus physiologiques. Elles sont en particulier impliquées dans certaines interactions plantes-microorganismes pathogènes. Leur perception est assurée par les récepteurs Histidine Kinases (HK) dont la fonction est prédominante dans la transduction de signaux moléculaires et environnementaux. Ce travail a permis une caractérisation complète des cinq récepteurs aux cytokinines de type CHASE-Histidine Kinase (MdCHK) et d’un osmosenseur (MdHK1) chez le pommier, espèce d’intérêt économique soumise à l’attaque de nombreux pathogènes. La combinaison d’approches moléculaires et bio-informatiques a révélé les particularités fonctionnelles et les rôles spécifiques des MdCHK. Ces connaissances ont permis de sélectionner une souche de levures exprimant le récepteur MdCHK2 en tant que biosenseur de cytokinines. Ce nouvel outil biotechnologique optimisé pour la détection rapide de cytokinines a conduit à la mise en évidence d’une production de ces composés par Erwinia amylovora, bactérie pathogène du pommier. Le criblage de bactéries pathogènes humaines grâce au biosenseur a également révélé leur production par Staphylococcus aureus et Streptococcus agalactiae. Afin d’optimiser ce biosenseur, une approche mécanistique de MdCHK2 a été entreprise et dévoile l’importance de certains domaines dans ses spécificités de perception. / Cytokinins are hormones regulating numerous physiological processes. They are particularly involved in some plant-pathogen interactions. Their perception is ensured by Histidine Kinase (HK) receptors which play a prevailing role in transducing molecular and environmental signals. This work enabled the full characterization of the five cytokinin CHASE-Histidine Kinase receptors (MdCHK) and the osmosensor (MdHK1) in apple tree, a species of economic interest subjected to many pathogen attacks. Combining molecular and bioinformatics approaches led us to reveal the functional features and specific roles of the MdCHK. This knowledge allowed us to select a yeast expressing the MdCHK2 receptor as a cytokinin biosensor. This new biotechnological tool optimized for fast cytokinin detection led us to expose the production of such molecules in Erwinia amylovora, a pathogenic bacterium of apple. Screening human pathogenic bacteria with the biosensor also unveiled their production in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. In order to optimize this biosensor, we initiated a mechanistic approach on MdCHK2 and showed the importance of some domains in its perception specificities.

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Wirksamkeit der beiden biologischen Präparate NeemAzal MD5 und TRF 002 MD auf das Entwicklungspotential der Larven der großen Stubenfliege (Musca domestica) und der Güllefliege (Hydrotaea aenescens) zu untersuchen. Bei den Präparaten handelte es sich um den Extrakt aus den Samen des tropischen Niembaumes (Azadirachta indica) mit dem Hauptwirkbestandteil Azadirachtin A in einer Konzentration von 5 % und um den Extrakt aus dem Bitterholz (Quassia amara) mit dem Hauptwirkstoff Quassin in einer Konzentration von 0,61 %. Die Larvenstadien 1 und 3 jeder Fliegenart wurden dem jeweiligen Präparat, das in verschiedenen Konzentrationen entweder eingemischt im Brutsubstrat (orale Aufnahme) oder in einem Tauchbad (topische Applikation) getestet wurde, ausgesetzt. Der Einfluss der Wirkstoffe auf die Parameter Verpuppungsrate, Schlupfrate, Entwicklungsdauer, Fliegengröße und Vorkommen von Asymmetrien wurde dabei ermittelt. NeemAzal MD5 in 5 % Lösung verhinderte, eingemischt ins Brutsubstrat, vollständig den Schlupf der Fliegen unabhängig vom Alter der verwendeten Larven. Das jüngste Larvenstadium wies dabei noch eine deutlich höhere Empfindlichkeit gegenüber dem Wirkstoff auf, hier reichte bereits eine 1 % Lösung aus, um die Entwicklung von Fliegen zu unterdrücken. Unterschiede in der Wirksamkeit auf die beiden verwendeten Fliegenarten waren gering. Hydrotaea aenescens erwies sich hierbei als etwas empfindlicher gegenüber NeemAzal MD5 als die Larven von Musca domestica. Die topische Applikation des Präparates auf das Larvenstadium 3 führte in den verwendeten hohen Konzentrationen (5 %, 10 %) nur zu einer Reduktion der Fliegenanzahl. Für eine vollständige Verhinderung der Fliegenentwicklung ist eine möglichst frühzeitige orale Aufnahme des Wirkstoffes durch die Larven notwendig. Es kommt dabei neben der Fraßhemmung zu einer Beeinflussung der Wachstums- und Häutungshormone, was die Metamorphose der Insekten unterdrückt. Die unter Laborbedingungen bewiesene insektizide Wirksamkeit von NeemAzal MD5 und seine Umweltverträglichkeit prädisponieren das Präparat für Feldversuche gegen Fliegenplagen in der ökologischen Tierhaltung. TRF 002 MD bewirkte auch in der höchsten verwendeten Konzentration (10 %), eingemischt in das Brutsubstrat der Larvenstadien 1 und 3 der beiden Fliegenarten, nur eine Reduktion der Schlupfrate um bis zu 30 % gegenüber den Kontrollgruppen. Die topische Anwendung dieser Substanz erwies sich in den durchgeführten Versuchen als nahezu wirkungslos auf die untersuchten Parameter. Damit war das Präparat nicht geeignet, das Schlüpfen von Fliegen vollständig zu verhindern.

Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Horticulture. / Thesis (PhD (Agric))--Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Market preferences for larger fruit have forced producers to adopt cultural practices that will ensure bigger fruit even if this comes at the expense of reduced total yields. In order to obtain acceptable fruit size there must be an adequate supply of photosynthetic carbon products especially during the cell division stage of fruit growth. Competition between fruits and between fruit and vegetative growth, as well as adverse climatic conditions, may limit the carbon supply to the fruits at this critical period and thus limit the final fruit size. Growers are showing renewed interest in the use of girdling or scoring in combination with the usual fruit thinning program to achieve growth control and increase fruit size. A new and milder chemical growth retardant, prohexadione-calcium (ProCa), is now also available for vegetative growth control of apple trees. [n this study, the effects of, and potential interaction between scoring, ProCa and fruit thinning were investigated, with respect to shoot and fruit growth, yield and photosynthetic capacity, in 'Royal Gala" 'Fuji' and 'Cripps' Pink' apple trees. ProCa decreased final extension shoot length in all three cultivars. Extension shoots were generally more sensitive than bourse shoots to scoring and ProCa. ProCa seems to be a more effective way of controlling shoot growth than scoring, with 'Fuji' and 'Cripps' Pink' being more sensitive than 'Royal Gala' to the application of ProCa. Scoring led to increased fruit growth rates during the first 40 days after full bloom (DAFB), and culminated in better fruit size at harvest. Scoring improved the total soluble solids concentration (TSS) of 'Fuji' and 'Cripps' Pink' compared to control and ProCa treatments. ProCa inhibited shoot growth effectively, but no evidence was found for improved carbon allocation to fruits and reproductive buds. Yield efficiencies of scored trees were significantly improved in all cultivars during the second season, due to better reproductive bud development after the first year of scoring. On 'Royal Gala' and 'Cripps' Pink', the efficiency of scoring to stimulate reproductive bud development on old and new spurs declined after 4 weeks after full bloom (WAFB). In 'Fuji', scoring later than I WAFB led to a decreasing positive response on old and new spurs. In contrast, reproductive bud development on long shoots increased with later scoring (6 and 8 W AFB) on all cultivars. It seems that the most beneficial time of scoring is 2-4 W AFB, as early as possible during the cell division stage offruit growth, but not before natural drop has occurred. The combination of early-season scoring and application of ProCa seems to hold potential for increasing carbon allocation to the fruit and improving fruit size and quality attributes. Scoring early in the season reduced photosynthetic capacity, and this reduction in carbon availability led to earlier cessation of shoot growth as well as shorter shoots. Later in the season, reduced fruit numbers led to a decrease in photosynthesis. The optimum temperature range for photosynthesis was found to adjust according to seasonal temperature variations. The harvest-induced reduction in sink strength changed stomatal sensitivity to higher temperature. Due to a reduced demand for carbohydrates by the plant, the maximum rate of photosynthesis (Amax) was reduced post-harvest. Following this reduction in sink strength and Am .. , stomata became more sensitive to high leaf temperatures, thus restricting water loss. Pre-harvest there was a strong demand for carbohydrates, therefore stomata were kept open at higher temperatures to ensure a high rate of C02 incorporation, but at a cost with regard to water use efficiency. The sharp increase in dark respiration (Rd) in leaves and fruit with an increase in temperature would mean that significant carbohydrate shortages could occur in trees during source limited periods early in the season, especially under warm weather conditions commonly experienced in the Western Cape region. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die effek van omgewings- en interne faktore op koolstofproduksie en -allokasie in appelbome (Malus domestlca Borkh.). Mark voorkeur vir groter vrugte forseer produsente om tegnieke te gebruik wat groter vrugte sal verseker selfs al beteken dit verlaagde totale opbrengste. Om aanvaarbare vruggrootte te bereik moet daar voldoende voorsiening van fotosinteties geproduseerde koolstofprodukte aan die vrug wees, veral gedurende die selverdelingstadium van vruggroei. Kompetisie tussen vrugte, en tussen vrugte en vegetatiewe groei sal die voorsiening van koolstof gedurende die kritieke stadium aan die vrug beperk en so vruggroote benadeel. Daar is dus hernude belangstelling in die gebruik van ringelering in kombinasie met die gewone vrug uitdunprogramme om groei te beheer en vruggrootte te verbeter. 'n Nuwe, sagter chemiese groeireguleerder, proheksadioon-kalsium (ProCa) is ook nou beskikbaar vir groeibeheer op appelbome. In hierdie studie is die effekte van, en moontlike interaksie tussen ringelering, ProCa en vruguitdunning ondersoek ten opsigte van loot- en vruggroei en opbrengs, sowel as die effekte op gaswisseling op 'Royal Gala', 'Fuji' en 'Cripps' Pink' appelbome. ProCa veroorsaak korter lote in aJ drie kultivars. Verlengingslote is meer sensitief as beurslote vir ringelering en ProCa. ProCa is effektiewer as ringelering om lootgroei te beheer, en 'Fuji' en 'Cripps' Pink' is sensitiewer as 'Royal Gala'. Ringelering lei tot verbeterde vruggroeitempos gedurende die eerste 40 dae na volblom en verbeterde vruggrootte by oes. Ringelering verbeter die totale oplosbare vastestotkonsentrasie (TOVS) van 'Fuji' en 'Cripps' Pink' in vergelyking met kontrole- en ProCa-behandelings, onderskeideHk. ProCa inhibeer lootgroei effektief, maar geen bewyse van verbeterde koolstomllokasie na vrugte en reproduktiewe knoppe is gevind nie. Opbrengseffektiwiteit van geringeleerde borne verhoog gedurende die tweede seisoen van ringelering weens beter reproduktiewe knopontwikkeling. Ringelering later as 4 weke na volblom (WNVB) is minder effektief om reproduktiewe knopontwikkeling op ou en nuwe spore in 'Royal Gala' en 'Cripps' Pink' te stimuleer. Die positiewe effek van ringelering op reproduktiewe knoppe op 'Fuji' verminder sodra dit later as I WNVB gedoen word. Op langlote het 'n laat ringelering (6 en 8 WNVB) die beste effek op reproduktiewe knopontwikkeling. Die mees voordelige tyd om te ringeIeer was 2-4 WNVB, so vroeg as moontlik gedurende die selverdelingstadium van vruggroei, maar nie voor natuurlike vrugval voltooi is nie. Die kombinasie van vroei! ringelering en die toediening van ProCa het potensiaal om koolstofallokasie na die vrug te verbeter, met die gepaardgaande verbetering in vruggrootte en -kwaliteit. RingeJering vroeg in die seisoen inhibeer fotosintese en hierdie verlaging in koolstof beskikbaarheid het tot gevolg dat lootgroei vroei!r gestaak word. Later in die seisoen veroorsaak verlaagde vruggetalle 'n afname in fotosintese. Die optimum temperatuur vir fotosintese verander na gelang van heersende lugtemperature. Die oes-geinduseerde verlaging in sinksterkte verander stomatale sensitiwiteit vir hoo temperature. Weens 'n verJaagde aanvraag vir koolhidrate deur die plant word fotosintese verlaag na-oes. Weens die verlaging is stomata sensitiewer vir hoer temperature en beperk dus waterverlies. V oor oes is daar 'n hoo aanvraag na koolhidrate dus word stomata oop gehou selfs by hoe temperature ten koste van watergebruiksdoeltreffendheid. Die skerp styging in donker respirasie in blare en vrugte met 'n verhoging in temperature sal beteken dat koolhidraat-tekorte kan ontstaan in bome gedurende die bron-beperkte periodes vroeg in die seisoen, veral onder warm toestande 500S wat algemeen ervaar word in die Wes Kaap.

The thesis studies the quantity of feral pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) and their daily activities in the locality of Smíchov in Prague. The research was focused on finding whether there is only one group of pigeons bound to the locality by daily activities connected to their consistent alimentary habits or whether there are two subgroups, one of them staying in the locality and the other one leaving to get food further from the city. A method of wing tags with further tracking and modern GPS telemetry was used for the research. A total of 10 birds was caught and marked by a wing tag and one subject was tracked by GPS telemetry. Using these methods, it was found that the pigeons are divided into two subgroups in the locality, one of them sticking to their overnight area even during the day and getting fed on garbage or by people and the other one leaving to get food on the fields 6km away from the city. In the sowing period, the whole group took part in leaving to get the food in the fields further from the city. Key words: feral pigeon, abundance, telemetry

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T16:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 29 / Banco Santander / Banespa / Musca domestica é um inseto cosmopolita e conhecido pelo seu comportamento sinantrópico e endofílico. Estas características representam um grande risco para as indústrias de alimentos, uma vez que moscas são vetores mecânicos de diversas doenças gastrointestinais causadas por microrganismos patogênicos que são carregados por estas. A fim de verificar como os fatores ambientais (umidade relativa do ar, temperatura e índice pluviométrico) e fatores antrópicos (processos de higienização, gerenciamento de resíduos e controle químico de pragas) influenciam na ocorrência e proliferação de moscas, foram realizadas coletas de M. domestica em dois frigoríficos de abate de aves, localizados nas cidades de Montenegro e Passo Fundo, no Rio Grande do Sul. Nesses experimentos, foram utilizadas armadilhas luminosas para atrair as moscas, que foram capturadas em placas adesivas e contabilizadas quinzenalmente. As armadilhas foram instaladas em diversos setores do frigorífico, classificados em duas categorias: A – setores com / Musca domestica is a cosmopolitan insect and very known about its synanthropic and inner behavior. These characters represent a might risk to food industries, despite the fact that house flies are mechanical vectors of many microrganisms that cause intestinal diseases. Surveys were made to check how environmental factors (humidity, temperature and rainfall) and anthropic factors (hygienic process, waste management and chemical pest control) influence the remaining and occurrence of house flies in two chicken slaughter houses, in Montenegro and Passo Fundo, in Rio Grande do Sul. In this research, light traps were used to attract house flies which were captured on sticky board and summed fortnightly. The light traps were installed in many sectors of the slaughter houses, separated in two categories: A – sectors with solid and liquid organic waste and B – sectors without organic waste. Kruskal-Wallis 5% of probability showed that the difference between two categories is statistically significant, with three time

Orientador: Hélio José Montassier / Banca: Ricardo Luiz Moro de Sousa / Banca: Samir Issa Samara / Resumo: A bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (BIG) é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo coronavírus aviário (vírus da bronquite infecciosa - VBI) que está amplamente disseminada entre as criações avícolas comerciais na maior parte do mundo. Há atualmente no Brasil, uma predominância de infecções causadas por estirpes do VBI classificadas no genótipo variante (BR-I), que revelam diferenças marcantes de antigenicidade com relação à estirpe vacinal Massachusetts, rotineiramente usada em nosso país. Isso resulta em uma baixa imunidade-cruzada e consequentemente em um menor nível de proteção contra isolados de campo do genótipo BR-I. Dessa forma, os objetivos principais do presente estudo foram formular uma vacina experimental inativada com, uma estirpe IBVPR-05 variante do genótipo BR-1 do VBI acrescida de um novo adjuvante oleoso; testá-la após a administração, com 1 dia de idade, da vacina comercial atenuada com estirpe Massachusetts, avaliando-se as respostas imunes humorais e cito-mediadas, bem como o estado de proteção ao desafio com essa estirpe variante do VBI através da avaliação histopatológica e quantificação absoluta da carga viral presente na traqueia e rins de aves vacinadas e desafiadas com a variante. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que esse esquema imunoprofilático (vacinação das aves com 1 dia de idade com vacina atenuada comercial e revacinação com 14 dias de idade com vacina inativada experimental homóloga) induziu aumentos significativos nos níveis de anticorpos lacrimais e séricos do isótipo IgG anti-VBI e também na expressão dos genes relacionados às respostas imunes cito-mediadas, sobretudo o da cadeia  do CD8 e da Granzima A, nas aves vacinadas, que se mostraram associados com a diminuição de lesões histológicas e uma menor carga viral na traqueia e rins nas aves vacinadas e desafiadas. Concluiu-se que as respostas imunes humoral e celular de memória conferidas ... / Abstract: The infectious bronchitis (BIG) is an infectious disease caused by avian coronavirus (infectious bronchitis virus - IBV) that is widespread among commercial poultry flocks in the world. There are currently in Brazil, a predominance of infections caused by strains of IBV classified in variant genotype (BR-I), which reveal striking differences in antigenicity with regard to the vaccine strain Massachusetts, routinely used in this country. The consequence is a low cross-immunity and lower level of protection against Brazilian field isolates of genotype BR-I. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to formulate an experimental inactivated vaccine with a variant strain of IBV previously characterized as genotype BR-I and added of a new oil adjuvant and test it after an administration, at 1 day old, of a commercial attenuated Massachusetts vaccine, followed by the evaluation of humoral and cellular immune (CMI) responses, as well as the state of protection upon challenge with this variant strain of IBV by histopathological examination and absolute quantification of viral load present in the trachea, and kidneys of these birds vaccinated and challenged with this variant strain. The results of this study demonstrated that this immunoprophylactic approach (vaccination of birds with 1 day old with attenuated commercial vaccine and revaccination at 14 days of age with annual experimental inactivated vaccine) was able to elicit significant increases in the serum and tear levels of anti-IBV antibodies of IgG isotype, and also in the expression of CMI genes, especially of CD8  chain and Granzyme A in the vaccinated birds, which were associated with decreased histological lesions and reduced viral load in the trachea and kidney of vaccinated and challenged birds. It was concluded that humoral and cellular memory immune responses conferred by vaccination with this Brazilian variant strain of IBV combined to a previous Massachusets ... / Mestre

Orientador: Edivaldo Antônio Garcia / Banca: Adriano Sakai Okamoto / Banca: Otto Mack Junqueira / Banca: Lúcio Francelino Araújo / Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque / Resumo: Com o objetivo de avaliar níveis de valina em rações de baixo nível protéico para codornas japonesas na fase de postura, foram utilizadas 648 codornas, com 154 dias de idade, taxa de postura inicial média de 86,26% distribuídas em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, constituídos por seis tratamentos e seis repetições de 18 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de ração basal com 16% de PB correspondente ao nível de valina de 0,686% e suplementada com valina (0,197; 0,344; 0,491; 0,638% na ração), em substituição ao ácido glutâmico, em equivalente protéico, correspondendo aos níveis de valina de 0,833; 0,980; 1,127; 1,274%. As dietas experimentais foram comparadas a uma dieta controle contendo 20% PB, totalizando seis tratamentos e os níveis dos demais nutrientes também de acordo com Silva (2009). Os parâmetros estudados foram: consumo de ração, de proteína bruta e de valina, porcentagem de postura, porcentagem de ovos íntegros, peso médio dos ovos, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por dúzia e por quilograma de ovos produzidos, viabilidade, gravidade específica, porcentagens de gema, albúmen e casca, espessura da casca, resistência da casca à quebra, cor da gema, sólidos totais dos ovos e nitrogênio nas excretas das aves. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e os efeitos dos níveis de valina foram submetidos a análise de regressão. O tratamento testemunha (20% PB) foi comparado com cada um dos demais aplicando o teste de Dunnett a 5% de probabilidade. Foi observado aumento linear para consumo de valina com elevação dos níveis de valina das dietas e efeito quadrático para o conteúdo de sólidos totais nos ovos. Pela comparação das médias de cada combinação de níveis de valina para dietas com 16% PB com o tratamento controle 20%PB, verificou-se... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Aiming to assess levels of valine in diets of low protein level for Japanese quails posture. A total of 648 quails were used, with 154 days of age, laying rate initial average 86.26% distributed in experimental design in blocks, consisting of six treatments and six replicates of 18 birds each. Treatments consisted of a basal level corresponding to 0.686% of valine and supplemented with valine (0.197, 0.344, 0.491, 0.638% in diet), replacing the glutamic acid in protein equivalent, corresponding to the levels of valine (0.833 ; 0.980, 1.127, 1.274%). The experimental diets were compared to a control diet containing 20% CP, totaling six treatments and the levels of other nutrients also according to Silva (2009). The parameters studied were: feed intake, crude protein and valine, egg production, percentage of intact eggs, average egg weight, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio per dozen and per kilogram of produced eggs, viability, specific gravity, percentages of yolk, albumen and shell, shell thickness, the breaking strength of the shell, yolk color, egg total solids and nitrogen in poultry excreta. Results were subjected to analysis of variance and the effects of levels of valine were subjected to regression analysis. The control treatment (20% CP) was compared with others (16% CP) using the Dunnett test at 5% probability. We observed a linear increase in consumption of valine with higher levels of valine diets and quadratic effect of total solids content in eggs. By comparing the averages of every combination of levels of valine for diets with 16% CP with the control 20% CP, it was found that the consumption of PB, intake valine, egg weight, nitrogen excretion and yolk color were significantly influenced. For Japanese quail fed diets with 16% CP, valine level of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Edivaldo Antônio Garcia / Banca: Ariel Antônio Mendes / Banca: Raphael Lucio Andreatti Filho / Banca: Ricardo de Albuquerque / Banca: Otto Mack Junqueira / Resumo: Sabe-se que o uso da iluminação artificial é uma prática rotineira na criação intensiva de aves de postura, e fotoperíodos longos estimulam a produção de ovos. Há muitos anos utiliza-se para codornas japonesas as mesmas recomendações feitas para poedeiras comerciais quanto ao uso da iluminação, havendo necessidade de novas pesquisas específicas para codornas. Além disso, há uma pressão dos movimentos preservacionistas e também uma preocupação crescente da população com relação à disponibilidade de recursos naturais, sendo um dos principais problemas o aumento da geração de energia, fazendo com que haja necessidade de todos os setores de produção se adequarem ao programa de economia de energia elétrica. Desta forma, a fim de estabelecer o comprimento de fotoperíodo, que maximize a produção e a qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas e proporcione economia de energia elétrica, foi realizado um experimento onde se avaliou a duração do fotoperíodo utilizando-se quatro comprimentos de fotoperíodo de modo contínuo. Os tratamentos foram: T1: 14 horas de luz/dia, T2: 15 horas de luz/dia, T3: 16 horas de luz/dia e T4: 17 horas de luz/dia). A intensidade luminosa adotada foi a mesma recomendada para poedeiras comerciais de 22 lux, fornecida com a utilização de lâmpadas incandescentes. Foram utilizadas 1296 codornas japonesas com 15 semanas de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e 12 repetições de 27 aves cada. Foram avaliadas as características de desempenho das aves e qualidade interna e externa dos ovos. Houve efeito de tratamento apenas na percentagem de postura, onde as aves submetidas ao fotoperíodo de 14 horas produziram menor quantidade de ovos que as demais. Não houve influência dos tratamentos sobre a qualidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: It is known that the use of artificial lighting is a routine practice in the intensive farming of laying hens, and long photoperiods stimulate egg production. Many years is used for Japanese quails the same recommendations for laying hens in the use of lighting, requiring further research specific to quail. In addition, there is a pressure from preservationists movements and also an increasing concern of the population with respect to the availability of natural resources, one of the main problems increased power generation, so that there is need for all sectors of production fit the program saving electricity. Thus, in order to establish the length of photoperiod, which maximizes production and egg quality of Japanese quail and provide power savings, an experiment was conducted which evaluated the duration of the photoperiod using four lengths of photoperiod so continuous. The treatments were: T1: 14 hours of light / day, T2: 15 hours of light / day, T3: 16 hours light / day, and T4: 17 hours light / day). The luminous intensity adopted was the same recommended for hens of 22 lux provided by the use of incandescent bulbs. Japanese quail were used in 1296 with 15 weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and 12 replicates of 27 birds each. We evaluated the performance characteristics of birds and internal and external quality of eggs. Treatment effects only in laying percentage, where the birds subjected to a photoperiod of 14 hours produced fewer eggs than the others. There was no effect of treatments on... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danieli_Regina_Bressan.pdf: 1197854 bytes, checksum: 8612deca6fe99720d166607ded38c44e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / Healthy habits through a balanced diet and proper hygiene and sanitary practices are important to maintain the health of the population and especially of children. The quality of school meals is of great importance to regional development, it provides a strengthening of farmer and provides local produce to school. The objective of the research was to make a diagnosis of the hygienic and sanitary situation of agribusiness bakery in the city of Marmeleiro-PR. The study involved all supplying agricultural industries of bakery products for school meals, which took place assess the physical and sanitary conditions of production sites, microbiological analysis of water and baked goods provided by the three agro-industries. After making the diagnosis of the health situation of agribusinesses held a training for producers. The service legislation was observed that agribusiness B and C groups ranked in group 2 serving between 51 and 75% of the items evaluated in the list chek and can be located as medium risk establishments. The agribusiness already was classified in group 1 serving more than 76% of the evaluated items, ranging as low risk category. The water of the three agro-industries showed no conformity regarding microbiological standard, given only to the parameter turbidity. Regarding the microbiological analysis of bakery products, all were within the parameters required by law, except the noodles prepared by agribusiness B, which showed coliform count thermotolerant up the parameters established by law. The survey results indicate that agribusiness bakery that provide their products for school meals in the city of Quince, do not meet all security questions and sanitary quality, offering health risks for children who use the products in school meals. / Hábitos saudáveis através de uma alimentação equilibrada e práticas higiênico-sanitárias adequadas são importantes para manter a saúde da população e principalmente das crianças. A qualidade da alimentação escolar é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento regional, pois proporciona um fortalecimento do produtor rural além de fornecer alimentos da região aos escolares. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar um diagnóstico da situação higiênico-sanitária das agroindústrias de panificação do Município de Marmeleiro-PR. O estudo envolveu todas as agroindústrias fornecedoras de produtos de panificação para a merenda escolar, onde realizou-se avaliação das condições físicas e sanitárias dos locais de produção, análise microbiológica da água e dos produtos de panificação fornecidos pelas três agroindústrias. Após realização do diagnóstico da situação sanitária das agroindústrias realizou-se uma capacitação para os produtores. Quanto ao atendimento a legislação observou-se que as agroindústrias B e C obtiveram classificação no grupo 2 atendendo entre 51 e 75% dos itens avaliados no chek list, podendo ser situadas como estabelecimentos de médio risco. Já a agroindústria A obteve classificação no grupo 1 atendendo mais de 76% dos itens avaliados, situando-se como estabelecimento de baixo risco. A água das três agroindústrias não apresentou conformidade quanto ao padrão microbiológico, atendendo somente ao parâmetro turbidez. Em relação as análises microbiológicas dos produtos de panificação, todos apresentaram-se dentro dos parâmetros exigidos pela legislação, com exceção do macarrão elaborado pela agroindústria B, que apresentou contagem de Coliformes termotolerantes acima dos parâmetros estabelecidos pela legislação. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que as agroindústrias de panificação que fornecem seus produtos para a merenda escolar do município de Marmeleiro, não atendem a todos os quesitos de segurança e qualidade sanitária, oferecendo riscos à saúde das crianças que consomem os produtos na merenda escolar.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:32:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FLAVIA_BEDIN.pdf: 3008592 bytes, checksum: 68597b77415fb2664bd6fc3ce016051f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The food has been directly related to the quality of life of the population, so that the number of elderly people is ever increasing, it is necessary to know the food reality these individuals. Thus, this study aimed to analyze food security in participants of the groups of elderly in Francisco Beltrão - PR, to identify the incidence of elderly in a situation of food insecurity, relating socioeconomic conditions with the prevalence of food security and insecurity as well as identify and profile of the aged. Using a questionnaire with socioeconomic variables and also the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale, were interviewed 497 elderly. The results showed that 50,9% of the elderly are food security situation, and 49.1% in food insecurity, the latter , subdividing them into mild, moderate and severe insecurity. The variables, income, gender and type of residence were observed with greatest influence on cases food insecurity. Considering that the highest rates of food insecurity are concentrated in light insecurity when there is concern about the lack of food and moderate insecurity is the lack of some types of food, you realize that some actions to financial education planning spending and familiar menu can contribute to the better use of available income. / A alimentação tem sido diretamente relacionada à qualidade de vida da população, portanto num momento em que o número de idosos é cada vez mais crescente, torna-se necessário conhecer a realidade alimentar destes indivíduos. Neste sentido, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a segurança alimentar em participantes dos grupos de idosos do município de Francisco Beltrão PR, visando identificar a prevalência de idosos em situação de insegurança alimentar, relacionar as condições socioeconômicas com a prevalência de segurança e insegurança alimentar, assim como identificar o perfil dos idosos estudados. Utilizando-se de um questionário com variáveis socioeconômicas e também da Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, foram entrevistados 497 idosos. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que 50,9% dos idosos estão em situação de segurança alimentar, e 49,1% em insegurança alimentar, estes últimos, subdividindo-os em insegurança leve, moderada e grave. As variáveis, renda, gênero e tipo de moradia foram as constatadas com maior influencia diante dos casos insegurança alimentar. Tendo em vista que os maiores índices de insegurança alimentar concentram-se em insegurança leve, quando há preocupação pela falta dos alimentos e insegurança moderada que é a falta de alguns tipos de alimentos, percebe-se que algumas ações voltadas à educação financeira, planejamento dos gastos e do cardápio familiar podem contribuir com o melhor uso da renda disponível.