This essay will examine the inauguration speech of Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joe Biden. The aim is to analyze how political psychology can affect the design of the speeches and how globalization and nationalism can help understand what they really say in their speeches and what underlaying messages might be found. By doing qualitative ideational analyzes of the speeches, it is found that political psychology may affect the design of the speeches regarding the presidents’ personal backgrounds and the aim to create emotions with the citizens. Globalization and nationalism can be found in different ways in each president’s inauguration speech.

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What explains the difference between the county level vote received by President Donald Trump and U.S. Senator Marco Rubio in the 2016 Florida general election? Over the last couple of decades, Florida has earned a reputation for being a highly competitive state that impacts control of the White House and congress. As Florida’s electorate becomes increasingly diverse, will the Democratic Party begin to win more often as their usual base grows, or will the Republican Party figure out a way to remain competitive? The 2016 general election presents an opportunity to analyze the structure of support for two Republican candidates who represent different paths for the future of the Republican Party: Trump, who won Florida by just one percent, and seemingly alienated Hispanics and women with his comments and policy proposals; or Rubio, who won by about eight percent, a Cuban-American thought to be a fresh voice for the GOP and a bridge to Hispanic voters. Regression analysis is used to examine support for Trump and Rubio and also the difference in support between the candidates. The results indicate Trump did better in counties with larger percentages of lower educated whites, lower income households, and higher unemployment rate. Rubio performed better than Trump in counties with larger numbers of Cuban and non-Cuban Hispanics, women, and voters not registered with either major party. These results suggest that Democrats may gain ground in Florida over time if the Trump wing of the GOP takes over the party and if current population trends continue.

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The subject of this bachelor thesis in political science has been to study how populistic rhetoric has evolved as a political phenomenon. The study has more specifically researched how presidential candidates have used populism in presidential debates. The bachelor thesis also studied if populistic rhetoric has changed over a time period between 1960 to 2016. To be able to study this, the essay has used critical discourse analysis to develop and understand how populism works. Ernesto Laclau’s On Populist Reason has also been used to create three models of understanding populism to develop the essays framework.  Through this the study has found that populistic rhetoric has come to be used more frequently in presidential debates. The study has also found that populistic rhetoric has changed form into a more aggressive style of rhetoric targeting the opponent’s character instead of the individual’s style of politics.

This essay utilizes Speech Act Theory to assess Donald Trump’s role in inciting the riot that took place in Washington D.C. on the 6th of January, 2021 and culminated with the attack on the Capitol building. For the purposes of the study a corpus was created with tweets collected from the Trump Twitter Archive. The tweets cover the span between the latest presidential election, on the 3rd of November, 2020, to the day of the attack. The corpus was read manually and sorted into themes. The themes that emerged show that: a) Trump was convinced of his victory, b) felt that the election was rigged, c) accused news networks, the Democrats and even prominent Republicans for his loss, and d) called the people for action. A quantitative method that identified the most common words in the corpus corroborated the identification of the described themes. The themes were compared to Speech Act Theory’s felicitous conditions for directive speech acts. The study found that Trump’s tweets satisfy the conditions for the successful directive speech acts of Order and Command, thus providing grounds to make the case that he was responsible for inciting the attack.

Avec l’appauvrissement progressif des ressources minérales près de la surface, l'exploitation minière en profondeur et sous hautes contraintes constitue l'avenir de nombreuses mines en exploitation et en développement. Exploiter en grande profondeur implique généralement la réalisation de travaux miniers sous des conditions géotechniques plus difficiles. Or, une gestion du risque sismique et des dommages qui peuvent en découler est l’une des préoccupations majeures de ces mines. Le support de terrain constitue la dernière ligne de défense pour contrer les coups de terrain et ainsi contribue à la gestion du risque sismique. Dans un contexte dynamique, le système de soutènement sera aussi performant que son maillon le plus faible. Sous ces conditions, une évaluation proactive de la dégradation des systèmes de soutènement doit être effectuée afin d’appliquer des mesures correctives de manière préventive. Dans une perspective de contrôle de la qualité de l’information, les données reliées aux inspections du support de terrain mis en place doivent être facilement accessibles et consultables. Ce mémoire présente le développement d’outils d’analyse sur le support de terrain pour améliorer la compréhension des facteurs ayant une influence critique sur la performance et dégradation du support de terrain soumis à des conditions de chargement statique et dynamique. Ces outils d’analyses ont été développés à partir d’une base de données globale regroupant les observations rapportées sur la dégradation du support de terrain dans une mine profonde en exploitation. Ces observations étaient mises à jour sur une base mensuelle, au minimum, selon les pratiques de contrôle de la qualité appliquées à la mine. La collecte, le traitement et l’analyse des données géologiques, géomécaniques, opérationnelles et sismiques ont été réalisés pour le cas d’étude de la mine LaRonde, située au Québec. Le développement d’une base de données globale et d’outils d’analyses sur le support de terrain a permis d’identifier et d’évaluer de manière quantitative les facteurs critiques et les précurseurs qui influencent la performance du support de terrain. Ce mémoire démontre la contribution à la conception minière et à la gestion du risque sismique d’une base de données globale et d’outils d’analyses sur le support de terrain pour un environnement minier complexe sous hautes contraintes et sismiquement actif.

Le présent mémoire expose les résultats d’une étude de la performance des chantiers ouverts dans un contexte de mines profondes ayant été effectuée dans le cadre du projet de recherche « Mines profondes : défis d’exploitation et impacts sur la récupération minéralurgique » réalisé par le département de génie des mines, de la métallurgie et des matériaux de l’Université Laval. Les données utilisées dans le cadre de cette étude sont en lien avec la planification et l’exploitation de plus de mille chantiers minés entre 860 et 2 450 m de profondeur à la mine souterraine LaRonde de Mines Agnico Eagle, la plus profonde actuellement de l’hémisphère ouest. On y présente une revue de la littérature qui fait la description des problématiques de dilution et de pertes opérationnelles de la réserve minérale liées à la performance des chantiers ouverts ainsi que de leurs conséquences sur les projets miniers. Une comparaison des performances planifiées et réalisées au site de LaRonde y est présentée, ainsi que les résultats d’analyses statistiques ayant permis de montrer que la variation du ratio des contraintes in situ avec la profondeur est un facteur d’influence significatif de la performance des chantiers. L’effet de ce facteur d’influence y est aussi illustré et validé à l’aide d’une série de modèles numériques. Le mémoire présente également une première approche visant à développer un modèle d’évaluation de la dilution dans les chantiers ouverts qui prend en compte la profondeur de minage. Finalement, afin d’améliorer la précision de l’estimation de la réserve minérale lors de l’évaluation de projets miniers, une méthodologie d’estimation intégrant le modèle d’évaluation proposé est présentée pour les projets dont les contextes géologique, géotechnique et opérationnel sont comparables à ceux du site de LaRonde. / This thesis presents the results of a performance study of open stopes in deep mines as part of the “Deep Mines: Operating challenges and impacts on mineralurgical recovery” research project developed by the Laval University Mining Engineering, Metallurgy and Materials Department. The data used in this study are sourced from more than 1,000 open stopes mined between 860 and 2,450 meters from surface at the LaRonde mine, the deepest underground mine in the Western hemisphere. This study contains a literature review that describes the problems related to dilution and ore losses stemming from open stope efficiency and their impacts on mining projects. The study presents a comparison of the planned and actual efficiency at LaRonde as well as a statistical demonstration that the variation of the in situ stress ratio and the depth is a significant factor that influences open stope productivity. The effect of this performance factor is illustrated and validated using a series of numerical models. This thesis also presents a preliminary step to develop an open stope dilution evaluation model taking into account the mining depth. Finally, in order to improve the precision of mineral reserve estimates during mine project evaluation, an estimation methodology integrating the proposed model is presented for projects that have similar geological, geotechnical, and operational parameters as the LaRonde mine.

There is currently a global trend of democratic backsliding. The term democratic backsliding refers to the process in which a country undergoes a transition towards more authoritarian values and behavior. This process can weaken the democratic norms and institutions and can occur in democratic, hybrid, and nondemocratic regimes. Many countries around the world have been displaying nondemocratic tendencies for decades, but democratic backsliding is also transpiring in countries that have been democratic for an extended period of time. One country that has experienced forms of democratic backsliding is the United States of America, especially under the presidency of Donald Trump. The aim of this essay is to determine what authoritarian behavior Donald Trump engaged in during his presidential term from 2016 to 2020.  The theory on democratic backsliding by Bermeo as well as the four warning signs of authoritarian behavior by Levitsky and Ziblatt will be applied to conduct the research. The study is a qualitative case study, investigating each year of Donald Trump’s presidency. The results of this study indicate that Donald Trump did engage in authoritarian behavior during his presidential term.