In this dissertation thesis is analyzed the emigration problem of qualified labor resources from chosen countries. And on behalf of the Czech Republic successful experience analyze, in migration management of qualified workers, was generated the recommendations to Georgian government for in time solving of problematic situation in country. The authors own research held in Czech Republic and in Georgia, underlined the factors influencing migration process from Georgia and brought his constructive approach in "brain drain" problem solution and in supporting process of "brain gain". But thesis alsoshows that not every successful experience could be useful for Georgian case. Given thesis is unique by his way of deep research of "brain drain" problem from Georgia and by setting order of solution priorities.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Brain drain has been labelled as one of the greatest development challenges facing African countries as it challenges capacity building, retention of skilled workers and sustained growth. Over the past two decades, a large number of Zimbabwean academics have left the country in search of economic opportunity and further academic training. This out-movement of academics has been exacerbated by political crisis and economic crisis in the country over the same period. Although some studies have sought to explain the causes, consequences and recommended policy responses to this human capital flight, they have not been able to critically assess, from the perspective of the emigrated academics, the conditions that would make them repatriate, their willingness to return to their home country and contribute to training, research and development; or their disposition towards engaging with Zimbabwean universities.

The thesis brings together three independent essays on the economics of innovation. I analyse the impact of competition on firm-level innovation (chapter 1) and the impact of different types of innovation on firm performance (chapter 2) looking at the top business R&D spenders of the world. I, then, switch my focus on researchers and analyse the determinants of brain drain in Europe (chapter 3).The first chapter is co-authored by Anabela Santos (European Commission) and Michele Cincera (ULB) and aims at assessing the impact of competition on firm-level innovation. The sample is composed of the world top corporate R&D spenders listed in the EU 2017 industrial R&D Scoreboard, and the analysis covers the years spanning from 2007 to 2016. We use an industry-year indicator, the inverse of the Lerner Index, as the indicator of competition for these firms that are leading in innovation efforts in the industries they are operating at the worldwide. R&D expenditures are used as the proxy for innovation. Model is estimated using two-stage least squares, to control for potential endogeneity of the competition indicator. Results confirm the existence of an inverted-U shaped relationship between competition and innovation. Further analysis is undertaken splitting the overall firm sample into services and manufacturing sectors according to technology and knowledge intensities and into the country of headquarters. We validate the inverted-U shaped relationship between competition and innovation for the firms in medium-high- and high-tech manufacturing sectors whereas we do not observe this impact for the firms operating in medium-low- and low-tech manufacturing sectors nor in services sectors. We also find differences in innovation behaviour of firms headquartered in the EU, US, Japan and China. While the inverted-U shaped relationship is highly pronounced for the Chinese firms, we find the U shaped impact of competition on the innovation of the EU and Japanese firms.The second chapter brings together firm-level R&D spending information with patent information, and aims at investigating the impact of different types of patented inventions on firm output growth performance controlling for R&D spending and other firm financials. The firm sample is sourced from the EU 2014 Industrial R&D Scoreboard that brings together the leading private sector R&D investors of the world. The analysis covers the years from 2005 to 2010. I consider forward-looking patent value indicators of breakthrough and general innovation using 7-year citation window, and backward-looking patent value indicators of originality and radicalness in innovation activities. Firm performance is estimated through a Cobb-Douglas production function. I allow for non-linearity in the relationship between innovation strategy and firm performance, and investigate sectoral heterogeneity looking at the impact in health industries and ICT producers. Models are estimated using two-stage least squares and generalised method of moments to control for potential endogeneity of innovation indicators. The findings confirm certain non-linearities and sectoral heterogeneities in the relationships between the different types of innovation and firm performance. ICT producers are growing with breakthrough innovations, generality and novelty in innovation process supporting the general-purpose technology feature of ICT. I, however, do not find a positive impact of technological breakthroughs nor a specific trend of generality and novelty in innovation process on productivity of pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms in the sample.The third chapter is co-authored by Christophe Colassin (ULB) and Michele Cincera (ULB) and aims at analysing the determinants of brain drain in Europe where there exists unbalances and polarisation between the States in terms of attractiveness for researchers despite the common policies and practices put in place by the European Union. The information about the mobility outflows are sourced from Centre for Science and Technology Studies and concern the year 2019. In order to analyse the macroeconomic determinants of mobility of researchers, the chapter brings together information from various data sources that attribute country-level values to the potential determinants of mobility outflows. We use a gravity model framework to detect quantitatively the pull and push factors of researchers' mobility including the 28 EU Member states in the time of analysis, and 3 additional Schengen countries, Norway, Iceland and Switzerland. In addition to the cultural and geographic proximity, we find that a country’s researcher base, entrepreneurial opportunities, knowledge intensity, public R&D spending and international collaborations increase the mobility of researchers within Europe whereas non-academic placements of researchers and the perception of virtual mobility as an alternative decrease the mobility. Researchers from countries with attractive research systems, more innovative private sector and more female researchers are found to be more mobile, whereas, the ones with higher GDP growth rates are less. We find that satisfaction with the recruitment process and the salary levels are decreasing factors for the mobility outflows. Finally, while fixed-term contracts in academia are found to be a factor that decreases the attractiveness; satisfaction with recruitment process, existence of the top R&D spending enterprises in the economy, and the freedom of academic exchange and dissemination are the factors that increases the attractiveness of a country for mobility inflows. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The aim of the diploma thesis is the reconstruction of Adamov and Rajec-Jestrebi railway stations in order to safety and track capacity of the railway section Brno – Skalice nad Svitavou increasing. The right side of Brno station head end track number 4 are designed in the Adamov railway station. The three platform edges (3x170m) are designed. The safety conditions for the movement of persons with reduced mobility are ensured. Four drive-through traffic tracks and Blansko station head are kept. New substructure and drainage of the track number 4 are designed.

The purpose of the study was to construct a questionnaire to determine what factors affect emigration. The questionnaire consisted out of 51 items and was administered to 150 respondents who were South African citizens either living in South Africa or who have emigrated to another country. Factor analyses were applied to the 51 items and four factors were identified; these were social and political situation, work experience, victim of crime and job satisfaction. It was found during the ANOVA and Scheffé analysis that having a tertiary qualification will affect emigration. This information can be applied to attempt to retain educated individuals within South Africa in efforts to eliminate the so-called “brain drain”. Copyright 2010, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Chasenski, A 2010, Factors influencing emigration out of South Africa, MCom dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02222012-113950/ > C12/4/192/gm / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

Background: Gen Z is the next generation to enter the workforce and it has become more complex to attract and retain employees. The recent trend in the job market, in which most prospective employees are from Gen Z, makes it important to investigate the demands, expectations, values, and preferences of this prospective workforce. Every generation has different workplace preferences; thus, it is important for employers to understand the differences to be able to attract them. Therefore, an enterprise must develop effective employer branding to accomplish this aim. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to find out what companies in Regional Sweden can do to attract and retain highly educated employees from Gen Z. Method: The research study was conducted using the qualitative method. The primary data was collected through ten interviews with master students and were conducted in a semi-structured manner along with secondary data. Conclusion: The results show that companies in regional Sweden can use four methods together to attract and retain highly educated employees from Gen Z. Their employer branding should promote that they value diversity, equality, and inclusiveness. They should implement hybrid working unless it harms the company's operation. Mentoring them at work by delegating responsibilities and developing their skills. Most importantly to gradually develop them within the firm and inform them about possible managerial positions.

Thesis advisor: Hans deWit / Ethiopia has long been affected by the out flow of its educated citizens. In major host countries, like the United States, the Ethiopian diaspora constitutes a considerable number of highly educated professionals, including those who work in academic and research institutions. Meanwhile, the fast-growing Ethiopian higher education severely suffers from lack of highly qualified faculty. In recent years members of the Ethiopian academic diaspora have been engaged in various initiatives towards supporting the emerging Ethiopian higher education. Yet, these initiatives have been fragmented, individually carried out, and challenged by the lack of a systemic approach, among other things. Further, there are only few studies examining diaspora engagement in the Ethiopian context, much less specific to higher education. The purpose of this research is, therefore, to offer deeper insight into the formation and implementation of transnational engagement initiatives by the Ethiopian academic diaspora. The research explores the motivation for and the modalities of engagement, as well as the enabling and challenging factors. This study employs phenomenological approach and Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice as a lens to analyze data from in-depth interviews with 16 Ethiopian diaspora academics in the US. The research departs from previous works by examining the issues from the perspectives of those who have first-hand experience of the phenomenon. Its findings reveal that transnational engagement among academic diaspora is shaped by complex and multi-layer personal, institutional and broader environmental factors, which transcend common considerations in addressing brain drain. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education.

Bwaise III in Kampala, Uganda is a densely populated informal settlement with a shallow groundwater table and inadequate basic services. High risk of groundwater contamination will bring health problem to the local residents. In this study, a large dimension (300 m in length) 2D model was developed to depict the hydrogeological condition and to examine the response to different rainfall infiltration rate on the groundwater table. The boundary condition of the drainage system plays an important role in modeling the groundwater flow. The simulation results show that water in the drain will flow into the aquifer when the drain is full, otherwise the drain will act as a sink for ground water. Advective transport of phosphorus results in no pollutants reaching or percolating into the drain. The integration of phosphorous concentra-tion flowing out of Domain 3 (pollutant inlet) corresponds to the infiltration rate and the plume moves faster during the wet season which brings in more phosphorous compared with the dry season. With sorption, all the phosphorus was adsorbed within the top soil. A simplified 3D model was set up to illustrate the flow field. Additional simulation can be undertaken within this 3D frame for more realistic calculation and consistent prediction.

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