Domain Specific Languages (DSL) are becoming a common practice for describing models at a higher abstraction, using a notation that domain experts understand. Designing a DSL usually starts from creating a language specification, and the other tools of the DSLs are derived from the specification. Hence, the quality of the language specification can crucially impact the quality of the complete DSL tool chain. Although many methods for defining a language specification have been proposed, the quality of the language specification they produced is not emphasised. This thesis explores the quality of language specifications, and proposes consistency, correctness, executability, understandability, and interoperability as the key features that a high quality language specification processes. Given the importance of these features, this thesis designs a new language definition approach that is based on the newly published OMG standards, namely: the semantics of the foundational subset of UML (fUML), and the Action Language for fUML (ALF). This approach enables the creation of a language specification with the proposed criteria. Moreover, a software framework that simplifies the production of high quality language specifications is built. Finally, a software development process is developed, which analyses the roles, products, and activities in DSL specification development. The framework is demonstrated by defining the language specification of Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) as a case study. The BPEL specification is further evaluated, which confirms the desired quality features are processed.

Voice over DSL (VoDSL) is a technology that enables the transport of data and multiple voice calls over a single copper-pair. VoDSL employs packet voice technology instead of the traditional circuit switched voice. Voice over ATM (VoATM) and Voice over IP (VoIP) are the two main alternatives for carrying voice packets over DSL. ATM is currently the preferred technology, since it offers the advantage of ATM's built-in Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms. IP, on the other hand, cannot provide QoS guarantees in its traditional form. IP QoS mechanisms have been evolved only in the recent years. VoIP has gained popularity in the core networks. If it could replace VoATM in the access networks, it would open the door for end-to-end IP telephony that would result in major cost savings. In this thesis, we propose a VoIP-based VoDSL architecture that provides QoS guarantees comparable to those offered by ATM in the DSL access network. Our QoS architecture supports Premium and Regular service categories for voice traffic and the Best-Effort service category for data traffic. Voice and data packets are placed in separate output queues at the bottleneck link. The Weighted Fair Queuing algorithm in used to schedule voice and data packets for transmission over the bottleneck link. Fragmentation of large data packets reduces the waiting time for voice packets in the link. We also propose a new admission control mechanism called Admission Control by Implicit Signaling. This mechanism takes advantage of application layer signaling by mapping it to the IP header. The router can infer the resource requirements for the connection by looking at certain field in the IP header of the application layer signaling packets. This eliminates the need for an explicit signaling protocol. We evaluate the performance of our QoS architecture by means of a simulation study. Our primary metrics are the end-to-end delay of voice packets across the access network and the bandwidth consumed by a voice call. Our results show that the end-to-end delays of voice packets in our VoIP architecture are comparable to that in the VoATM architecture. ACIS limits the number of voice calls admitted into the premium service class and provides guaranteed service to those calls under all loads. It also provides acceptable service to regular calls under light loads. We also show that PPP is a better choice than ATM as a Layer 2 protocol for our VoIP architecture. PPP offers the advantages of low bandwidth requirement and interleaving of voice packets in between fragments of large data packets during transmission over the bottleneck link. We conclude that our VoIP architecture would be suitable for future VoDSL deployments. / Master of Science

Title: Projectional editor for domain-specific languages Author: Ondřej Dvořák Department: Department of Distributed and Dependable Systems Supervisor: RNDr. Michal Malohlava Abstract: Programming is a craft requiring a good tooling. One of tools selected as crucial for software development is an integrated development environment (IDE) that allows to maintain most of the general-purpose languages. Domain-specific languages grow in a popularity last years, thus it is necessary to support them by IDE as well. Not just a textual or graphical form of DSL sources is suitable for their maintenance, so does the combination of them. One of the promising approaches is represented by a novel method called a projectional editing. Its objective is to show different visualization forms of program source code, combine and manipulate with them at one place. The thought is typically realized by a projectional editor. In this thesis we design a projectional editor for domain-specific languages and provide its experimental implementation. It analyzes potential approaches to a projectional editing and designs their suitable realization in Microsoft Visual Studio. It provides a universal implementation of a projectional editor on the top of Visual Studio as well as on the top of a standalone application. Moreover, it supports...

La vérification à l'exécution est une technique prometteuse pour améliorer la sûreté des systèmes complexes. Ces systèmes peuvent être instrumentés afin qu'ils produisent des traces d'exécution permettant d'observer leur utilisation dans des conditions réelles. Un défi important est de fournir aux ingénieurs logiciel un langage formel simple adapté à l'expression des exigences les plus importantes. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la vérification de dispositifs médicaux. Nous avons effectué l'analyse approfondie d'un dispositif médical utilisé mondialement afin d'identifier les exigences les plus importantes, ainsi que la nature précise des traces d'exécution qu'il produit. À partir de cette analyse, nous proposons ParTraP, un langage défini formellement et dédié à la spécification de propriétés sur des traces finies. Il a été conçu pour être accessible à des ingénieurs logiciels non qualifiés en méthodes formelles grâce à sa simplicité et son style déclaratif. Le langage étend les patrons de spécification initialement proposé par Dwyer et. al. avec des opérateurs paramétriques et temps-réel, des portées emboîtable, et des quantificateurs de premier ordre. Nous proposons également une technique de mesure de couverture pour ParTraP, et que le niveau de couverture d'une propriété temporelle permet de mieux la comprendre, ainsi que le jeu de traces sur lequel elle est évaluée. Finalement, nous décrivons l'implémentation d'un environnement de développement intégré pour ParTraP, qui est disponible sous une licence libre. / Runtime verification is a promising technique to improve the safety of complex systems. These systems can be instrumented to produce execution traces enabling us to observe their usage in the field. A significant challenge is to provide software engineers with a simple formal language adapted to the expression of their most important requirements. In this thesis, we focus on the verification of medical devices. We performed a thorough analysis of a worldwide-used medical device in order to identify those requirements, as well as the precise nature of its execution traces. In the light of this study, we propose ParTraP, a formally defined language dedicated to property specification for finite traces. It is designed to be accessible to software engineers with no training in formal methods thanks to its simplicity and declarative style. The language extends the specification patterns originally proposed by Dwyer et al. with parametrized constructs, nested scopes, real-time and first-order quantification. We also propose a coverage measurement technique for ParTraP, and we show that coverage information provides insights on a corpus of traces as well as a deeper understanding of temporal properties. Finally, we describe the implementation of an Integrated Development Environment for ParTraP, which is available under a free and open-source license.

Το αντικείμενο αυτής της διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη της επίδρασης του φυσικού στρώματος των ψηφιακών συνδρομητικών γραμμών στην συνολική απόδοση του DSL συστήματος, όπως αυτή ορίζεται από το συμβατικό επίπεδο εξυπηρέτησης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα εξετάζεται o τρόπος με τον όποιο επιδρούν ο θόρυβος διαφωνίας και τα χαρακτηριστικά του καναλιού στον μέγιστο ρυθμό μετάδοσης που μπορεί να επιτευχθεί. Ο θόρυβος διαφωνίας δημιουργείται από την ανεπιθύμητη παρεμβολή μεταξύ των σημάτων γειτονικών γραμμών της ιδίας δέσμης καλωδίων. Τα χαρακτηριστικά του καναλιού καθορίζονται από το μήκος της γραμμής, την ύπαρξη γεφυρών με ατερμάτιστα τμήματα κατά μήκος του συνδρομητικού βρόγχου και από τις τεχνικές παραμέτρους του δισύρματου καλωδίου (διάμετρος, χαρακτηριστική αντίσταση κ.α.). Με την βοήθεια προσομοιώσεων που υλοποιήθηκαν στο περιβάλλον Μatlab παρουσιάζονται διάφορες μετρήσεις για τον μέγιστο δυνατό ρυθμό μετάδοσης ενός ADSL συστήματος καθώς μεταβάλλονται οι παράγοντες που αναφέρθηκαν παραπάνω. Μελετώντας τα αποτελέσματα αυτά εξάγονται χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα τόσο για την σχεδίαση νέων DSL δικτύων όσο και για την διαχείριση των υπαρχόντων. Έτσι μπορούν να οριστούν ασφαλέστερα οι παράμετροι που περιγράφονται από το συμβατικό επίπεδο εξυπηρέτησης και καθορίζουν την δυνατότητα για παροχή υπηρεσιών εγγυημένης ποιότητας. / The objective of this diploma thesis is to study the effect of DSL physical layer on the overall system infrastructure. More specifically, examine in what way the effects of the crosstalk noise and the channel characteristics on the highest bit rate can be achieved. The crosstalk noise is created by the unwelcome interruption between the neighbor signal lines. The channel characteristics are determined by the length of subscriber loop, by the existence of bridged-tap and the technical parameters of twisted pair (diameter, characteristic resistance etc.). With the help of simulations in Matlab environment, we take various measurements of the highest bit rate of a ADSL system as we change the factors which have been mentioned above. Studying these results are exported useful conclusions for the design of new DSL networks and to manage existing ones. So it can be defined safer parameters which are described by the service level agreements and determine the ability to provide guaranteed quality service.

La séparation des préoccupations permet de considérer les sous-systèmes en isolation tout en conservant une vision globale du système. La variabilité des domaines impliqués implique donc (i) un effort de composition des méta-modèles hétérogènes représentant ces domaines, (ii) une gestion de la cohérence inter-domaine des modèles produits en isolation et (iii) une gestion de la multiplicité des cibles atteignables dans l'espace des solutions de chacun des domaines. Pour relever ces défis, nous présentons dans cette thèse une approche couvrant trois contributions appliquées sur le cas de la visualisation de données :- une approche de composition respectant l'isolation des domaines en tirant profit des méthodes d'intégration des Architectures Orientées Services (SOA). Les méta-modèles sont encapsulés dans des services, exposant le comportement pertinent via une interface à destination des experts du domaine ;- un moteur de règles métiers qui assure la gestion des interactions entre domaines et permet de détecter les incohérences inter-domaine et de faire remonter aux experts les informations nécessaires à leur résolution ;- une modélisation de la variabilité des produits par caractérisation qui permet de concrétiser les sous-systèmes vers des artefacts concrets.Pour valider l'approche, nous quantifions (i) le surcoût de l'encapsulation en service des domaines, (ii) l'impact de l'externalisation des interactions entre domaines, (iii) l'effort que les experts et l'intégrateur doivent fournir. Enfin, une expérience utilisateur mesure le gain lors de la concrétisation du système et son impact sur la satisfaction vis à vis des visualisations résultantes. / The growing complexity of software engineering leads to the use of separation of concerns, i.e. enable to consider manageable sub-systems while keeping an overview of the whole system. The domain variability involved in these system design imply : (i) to compose multiple heterogeneous metamodels dedicated to each domain, (ii) to handle cross-domain consistency of the model produced in isolation, (iii) and to tame the multiplicity of concrete artefact available in the solution space of each domain. To adress these challenges, we offer in this thesis an approach encompassing three contributions :- an isolation-compliant composition which benefits from Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) integration. Each domain metamodel is embedded in a service exposing the rele- vant behavior through an interface designed and used by domain experts ; - a business rule engine handling the interaction between domains and detecting cross-domain incon- sistency to provide relevant feedback to resolve it ;- a feature-based characterization of the products variability allowing to concretize each sub-system toward concrete artifacts. The contributions are applied on the sensor data visualization use case.We validate (i) the need for domain isolation preservation on a dashboard design project, then we quantify (ii) the overhead of the service encapsulation, (iii) the impact of the externalization of domain interactions, (iv) the effort required from the experts and the integrator. Finally, we proceed to a user experiment to measure the gain during the concretization of a sub-system, and the impact on the user satisfaction on the resulting visualisation widgets.

With the grow of big data technologies, it has become challenging to design and manage complex data workflow, especially for non technical person. However, in order to understand and process these data the best way, we need to rely on domain expert who are often not familiar with tools available on the market. This thesis discovers the needs and describe the implementation of an easy to use tool to define and visualise data processing workflow. The research methodology includes the definition of customer requirements, architecture design, prototype development and user testing. The iterative approach used in this project ensure continuous improvement based on users feedback. The final solution then assessed using KPI metrics such as usability, integration, performances and support. / Med den växande big data-tekniken har det blivit en utmaning att utforma och hantera komplexa dataarbetsflöden, särskilt för icke-tekniska personer. För att förstå och bearbeta dessa data på bästa sätt måste vi dock förlita oss på domänexperter som ofta inte är bekanta med de verktyg som finns tillgängliga på marknaden. Denna avhandling identifierar behoven och beskriver implementeringen av ett lättanvänt verktyg för att definiera och visualisera arbetsflödet för databehandling. Detta genom att abstrahera de tekniska krav som krävs av andra lösningar. Forskningsmetoden omfattar definition av kundkrav, arkitekturdesign, prototyputveckling och användartestning. Det iterativa tillvägagångssätt som används i detta projekt säkerställer kontinuerlig förbättring baserat på användarnas feedback. Den slutliga lösningen utvärderas sedan med hjälp av nyckeltal som användbarhet, integration, prestanda och support.

DSL是寬頻上網的方式之一。以技術而言，不論是在寬頻滲透率、寬頻總使用人口數、寬頻成長率，DSL領先其他替代性科技。但是，DSL的研究除了顧問公司定期收集各國產品及分析市場規模外，很少有研究對不同國家的DSL進行比較，並且找出差異性，其原因在於資料過於分散，且要對各國的市場有深入觀察。本研究即嘗試克服上述困難，以橫斷面研究為起始點，並收集美國、英國、台灣三國資料，由兩種角度分析DSL的訂價：首先是透過產品特色觀點，也就是快樂訂價法，將DSL價格，拆解成基本元件再組合，以找出影響價格的主要特色，並比較三國主要特色異同。第二個觀點起源於DSL販售價格常有價格長期不變，但內容大幅度變動的情況；而且隨著IPTV、衛星電視、VoIP的技術成熟，ISP的獲利來源，逐漸朝加值服務轉移，但這種現象並未同時出現於DSL普及率高的國家。有部份原因是各國的區域迴路政策，區域迴路開放程度落後的國家，其DSL銷售內容以基礎特色為賣點；區域迴路開放度高的國家，其DSL販售內容除了基礎特色外，加值服務（搭售）也成為DSL銷售內容的主力。 此外，本研究結果也顯示區域迴路販售所導致的加值服務差異化，其時間優勢無法持續太久，因為擁有線路所有權的電信業者會在有限時間內，迎頭趕上。但是區域迴路開放有助於DSL加值服務的引進與多元化已在本研究取得支持性證據。 / DSL is one of primary broadband technologies to household users, and it is also in significant in terms of global broadband penetration rate, the number of subscribers, and the growth rate. Except for commercial institutes’ research periodically collecting data and analyzing the trend of market, there are few studies comparing cross-country DSL services since data are scattered on numerous ISPs’ web pages, and a comparison standard is not easy to establish. This study attempts to settle the problem of cross-country comparison. Initially, based on three representative countries’ data, DSL service price is disassembled into fundamental service characteristics in terms of hedonic pricing, and the primary service characteristics for specific country are located. But the primary characteristics have not been unchanged for years, even DSL service price remains stable, and with emergence of new broadband applications, such as IPTV, satellite TV, and voice over IP, ISPs’ profit profile has shifted from fundamental service characteristics, like speed and the number of IP address, to value-added service. However, this change on ISPs’ profit profile does not apply to each country with high DSL penetration rate. Our finding reveals that policy determines the focus of DSL service marketing. For those countries that ignore local loop unbundling policy, their DSL service marketing simply centers on fundamental characteristics; for those countries that emphasize local loop unbundling policy, their DSL service marketing focus on both fundamental characteristics and value-added services. This study also indicates that the advantage of first mover for ISPs without wires benefited from local loop unbundling policy will not remain since incumbent telecoms also operate ISPs will soon catch up in a period from six months to one year. However, this study has demonstrated that local loop unbundling policy could facilitate the introduction and diversification of value-added service on DSL offering.

A Tecnologia da Informação (TI) fornece suporte às organizações empresariais, proporcionando agilidade e qualidade aos seus processos de negócio. Este suporte é fornecido por aplicações que compõe o ecossistema de software que, de uma maneira geral, não apresenta as características necessárias à integração, dificultando a reutilização. Neste sentido, a Integração de Aplicações Empresariais (EAI) concentra-se na concepção e implementação de soluções de integração. A tecnologia Guaraná DSL é uma das ferramentas que fornecem este suporte, porém, ela difere das outras propostas por incluir um sistema de monitoramento que pode ser configurado usando uma linguagem baseada em regras para gerar soluções com tolerância a falhas. No entanto, Guaraná DSL ainda não está formalizado, e por esta razão, não é possível validar as regras escritas por engenheiros de software utilizando a linguagem baseada em regras. Além disso, não é possível gerar automaticamente as regras com base na semântica de uma solução de integração. Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo detalhado da tecnologia Guaraná DSL com enfase no mecanismo de tolerância a falhas, além do estudo e comparação dos métodos formais: Notação Z, B, Alloy, RSL, Redes de Petri, levando em consideração as características do Guaraná. Utilizando os metamodelos UML com restrições escritas em OCL da linguagem de domínio específico da tecnologia Guaraná encontrados na literatura, foi proposto um modelo matemático com a especificação formal da sintaxe abstrata e posterior validação. Para a especificação formal e validação utilizou-se a Notação Z por meio da ferramenta Z-EVES. / 157 f.

Att hitta ett komplement till stora XML-filer kan vara svårt, men kan också vara nödvändigt. På IdaInfront använder man sig idag utav XML-filer för att sätta upp konfigurationerna på hur man ska bygga upp ett projekt i deras program iipax. Dessa blir ofta väldigt stora och oöverskådliga samt att det inte finns någon smidig grafisk representation på hur de olika typerna hör ihop för att få en enkel överblick, det är här mitt examensarbete kommer in. Jag har skapat en prototyp på hur man med ett domän specifikt språk (DSL) kan ersätta XML syntaxen och på så sätt få det mera läsbart och samtidigt göra en grafisk representation på hur de olika noderna är kopplade till varandra. Jag använde mig av ett verktyg som heter XText för att ta fram mitt DSL då det gav en bra grund samt att man får olika hjälpverktyg så som auto-complete förslag, färgkodning, validering mm. För att få fram en grafisk editor använde jag mig av ett verktyg som heter Eugenia som är en del av Epsilon som utveklar verktyg för olika typer av hantering av EMF modeller i Eclipse. Det gav en smidig koppling mellan den DSL jag utformade i XText med en grafisk editor som Eugenia automatiskt genererade på omkring 600 filer utifrån två filer med inställningar som jag modifierade. Jag fick fram ett bra resultat för en prototyp i mindre skala. Dock använder sig IdaInfront av så många noder per projekt så det blir ganska snabbt svårt att se helheten i den grafiska editorn. Det hade varit smidigt om man kunde extrahera olika grupperingar i editorn men det hade jag tyvärr inte tid med att försöka konfigurera ihop.