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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

DSL訂價之探討:由產品特性觀點及政策觀點

羅亦斯 Unknown Date (has links)
DSL是寬頻上網的方式之一。以技術而言,不論是在寬頻滲透率、寬頻總使用人口數、寬頻成長率,DSL領先其他替代性科技。但是,DSL的研究除了顧問公司定期收集各國產品及分析市場規模外,很少有研究對不同國家的DSL進行比較,並且找出差異性,其原因在於資料過於分散,且要對各國的市場有深入觀察。本研究即嘗試克服上述困難,以橫斷面研究為起始點,並收集美國、英國、台灣三國資料,由兩種角度分析DSL的訂價:首先是透過產品特色觀點,也就是快樂訂價法,將DSL價格,拆解成基本元件再組合,以找出影響價格的主要特色,並比較三國主要特色異同。第二個觀點起源於DSL販售價格常有價格長期不變,但內容大幅度變動的情況;而且隨著IPTV、衛星電視、VoIP的技術成熟,ISP的獲利來源,逐漸朝加值服務轉移,但這種現象並未同時出現於DSL普及率高的國家。有部份原因是各國的區域迴路政策,區域迴路開放程度落後的國家,其DSL銷售內容以基礎特色為賣點;區域迴路開放度高的國家,其DSL販售內容除了基礎特色外,加值服務(搭售)也成為DSL銷售內容的主力。 此外,本研究結果也顯示區域迴路販售所導致的加值服務差異化,其時間優勢無法持續太久,因為擁有線路所有權的電信業者會在有限時間內,迎頭趕上。但是區域迴路開放有助於DSL加值服務的引進與多元化已在本研究取得支持性證據。 / DSL is one of primary broadband technologies to household users, and it is also in significant in terms of global broadband penetration rate, the number of subscribers, and the growth rate. Except for commercial institutes’ research periodically collecting data and analyzing the trend of market, there are few studies comparing cross-country DSL services since data are scattered on numerous ISPs’ web pages, and a comparison standard is not easy to establish. This study attempts to settle the problem of cross-country comparison. Initially, based on three representative countries’ data, DSL service price is disassembled into fundamental service characteristics in terms of hedonic pricing, and the primary service characteristics for specific country are located. But the primary characteristics have not been unchanged for years, even DSL service price remains stable, and with emergence of new broadband applications, such as IPTV, satellite TV, and voice over IP, ISPs’ profit profile has shifted from fundamental service characteristics, like speed and the number of IP address, to value-added service. However, this change on ISPs’ profit profile does not apply to each country with high DSL penetration rate. Our finding reveals that policy determines the focus of DSL service marketing. For those countries that ignore local loop unbundling policy, their DSL service marketing simply centers on fundamental characteristics; for those countries that emphasize local loop unbundling policy, their DSL service marketing focus on both fundamental characteristics and value-added services. This study also indicates that the advantage of first mover for ISPs without wires benefited from local loop unbundling policy will not remain since incumbent telecoms also operate ISPs will soon catch up in a period from six months to one year. However, this study has demonstrated that local loop unbundling policy could facilitate the introduction and diversification of value-added service on DSL offering.
2

銀行法上關係人授信法制問題之研究 / A Study on the Legal Issues of the Extension of Credit to Interested Parties in Banking Law

陳鐶仁 Unknown Date (has links)
根據「關係人授信」的信息觀點(the information view)及掠奪觀點(the looting view)等理論分析,銀行對關係人授信各有利弊。世界各國為合理規範關係人授信交易,已制訂各項法令予以規制,我國亦不例外而於銀行法訂有明文。 我國現行銀行關係人授信規範在法令解釋、適用及銀行實務運作方面存有些許法制問題,且於金融控股公司法、農業金融法、信用合作社法及保險法等均有準用或參照銀行法之規定,而有相似之法制問題,影響之範圍相當寬廣深遠,因而引發本文研究之動機。 本文從我國銀行法在「授信」、「關係人範圍」、「授信限制規範」及「違反限制規範責任」等方面之相關規範及其問題,並參考美國、德國等國家及中國大陸、香港等地區之相關規範,綜合加以比較研究,最後並擬訂具體建議修正條文,以供主管機關及立法機關參考。 本文深切期盼主管機關及立法機關能使用衡帄的角度思考及採用可行的方案,而儘速增修銀行對關係人授信法制,以建立更為完善的關係人授信法制,進而適當地控管銀行對關係人授信之風險,並兼顧銀行經營效率及獲利能力。
3

競爭法對於搭售行為之規範 / Tying Arrangements under the Competition Law

楊宏暉, Yang, Hung-Hui Unknown Date (has links)
搭售意指賣方將兩個產品搭配在一起銷售,乃屬商場上常見之行銷手法。但從競爭法的規範面向來看,搭售被認為是種限制競爭的行為,目的在於延伸市場力量,排除被搭售產品市場上的競爭,並且構築市場進入障礙。經濟理論則提出了一些反駁,說明搭售也有某些促進競爭的效果,如增進效率、品質控制等,因而要求對於搭售行為可能產生之正負效益作精確地評估,不宜一律視作當然違法,進而影響到規範搭售行為的執法。我國的公平交易法也將搭售行為納入規範,實務案例並不少見,故此問題值得重視。 我國公平交易法的立法與執法融合了美國法和德國法的特色,故本論文乃從比較法的觀點,分析美國和德國規範搭售行為之理論與實務及變遷,在美國法上,搭售與反托拉斯法的互動雖已有百年之久,但其規範迄今仍有相當大的爭議,相關的討論屢見不鮮,而隨著微軟案的推波助瀾,搭售問題再度受到矚目及討論,因此,本論文也對此案的相關問題和討論作一整理。此外,也整理了若干對於搭售行為的經濟分析文獻,並且對於競爭政策和競爭法的一些看法作了著墨。 在內容上,本論文除了從限制競爭法的角度來探討搭售行為外,也從不正競爭法的立場來觀察搭售行為所可能產生的影響,這部分的討論以德國不正競爭防止法為主,敘述搭售行為所可能涉及的行為樣態,並且對於近年來德國聯邦最高法院針對低價手機和門號的搭配促銷所表示之見解加以整理,同時也析論贈品令廢止之最新動態及其後續影響。 最後,則整理及分析我國公平交易法規範搭售行為的相關規定和實務案例,並提出執法建議。
4

專利聯盟所涉及專利權濫用問題之研究 / The research of patent misuse issues in patent pool licensing

何曜任, Ho, Yao Jen Unknown Date (has links)
專利聯盟(patent pools)可以創造龐大的促進競爭效益,但是同時也可能產生妨礙競爭與創新之疑慮,若法律完全不對專利聯盟之運作進行規範,專利權人將得以利用專利聯盟制度作為提昇自己市場獨占力量,抑制市場競爭,甚至是濫用專利排他權的工具。為了畫下專利權人正當行使權利之界限,維護專利制度的政策目的,以規範專利聯盟所產生之專利權濫用問題,美國的法制上遂逐漸發展出以專利權濫用原則(patent misuse doctrine)與競爭法(即美國之反托拉斯法),對專利聯盟進行管制的結構。美國法上之專利權濫用原則創設之初係為了限制輔助侵權理論之適用,此理論最初與競爭法制並無交集,判斷的重點在於專利權人是否逾越其權限,之後隨著1988年美國專利法之修正,以及學理實務的改變,現今專利權濫用原則的認定已牽涉競爭法「合理原則」之判斷,然而,許多爭議也逐漸浮現,例如應如何判斷專利權人在專利聯盟中所為之限制競爭行為是否成立濫用,專利權濫用原則與競爭法之間之關係為何,甚至專利權濫用原則本身是否仍有必要存在,這些問題都尚待解決,因此現今正是對專利權濫用理論進行全面檢討之時機。 本文以下將針對專利聯盟所涉及之專利權濫用問題進行研究,對於實務上專利權人利用專利聯盟所進行之搭售、包裹授權、聯合訂價、競業禁止條款等行為進行觀察,並對其所涉及之專利權濫用問題進行初步分析。基於此一研究所獲得之基礎,本文將嘗試指出專利權濫用理論值得檢討之處,並指出專利權濫用理論兼具專利制度和競爭法制之特質,也反映了兩者間之衝突,其亦具有能夠與時俱進,以及反映專利制度政策公益之特質,因此仍有繼續存在價值。尤其係在專利聯盟成員利用彼此間競業禁止協議抑制新生替代性技術發展之情形,法院在適用競爭法合理原則時,往往因為專利聯盟所創造的促進競爭效益,以及新生技術未來發展的不確定性,而傾向認定此種契約條款為合法,忽略其所產生之抑制創新問題,此時即有適用專利權濫用原則之空間。此外,更可以考慮以我國民法第148條所規範之誠信原則與權利濫用原則作為將專利權濫用理論引入我國法之基礎,而在尚未引入以前,對於專利聯盟所涉及之專利權濫用問題,我國實務可以將美國法專利權濫用原則之理論基礎作為操作民法第148條、專利法第60條、公平交易法第18條及第19條以及其他相關規定時之指導原則。本文之意旨並非在完全以專利權濫用原則取代競爭法規範的角色,而係期待實務上應當設法對專利權濫用原則之價值進行重新評估,以賦予專利權濫用原則嶄新之生命,讓專利權濫用原則與競爭法共同形成一個完善、合理的專利權行使規範體系。 / Patent pool licensing can both create enormous pro-competitive and anti-competitive effects. Without legal intervention, the patentee would be able to manipulate the patent pool system as a mean to increase his own monopoly power, suppress competition in the market, and even misuse his patent exclusive power. In order to prevent the misuse of patent rights, protect patent policy and regulate patent misuse issues in patent pools, the U.S law system employs the “patent misuse doctrine” and competition law (antitrust law) to deal with the above issues. The patent misuse doctrine was initially designed to limit the overexpansion of the contributory infringement theory and has no relationship with competition law. The essential factor to constitute patent misuse is that the patentee extends the patent monopoly over the statutory scope of his patent right. Nevertheless, in pace with the Patent Misuse Reform Act of 1988 and the conversion of the legal practice, the patent misuse doctrine has begun to intertwine with competition law’s “rule of reason” analysis. Gradually, many disputes have emerged, such as how to determine whether the patentee’s conduct constitutes patent misuse in patent pools, what is the relationship between the patent misuse doctrine and competition law, and whether the patent misuse doctrine itself is necessary to exist. Therefore, it is high time to conduct a comprehensive review of the patent misuse theory. This article will provide insights to patent misuse issues in patent pool licensing, such as tie-in arrangement, package licensing, price fixing, non-competition agreements, etc, and review the theoretical basis of the patent misuse doctrine. This article will also submit that the patent misuse doctrine is a doctrine which has both the characteristics of patent law and competition law and can compromise the interests of these two areas of regulations. It can also reflect patent policy and grow and change with time. Therefore, it is a doctrine which should continue to exist. Particularly, in the situation which patent pool members use non-competition agreements to suppress the development of nascent substitute technologies, courts would often consider this kind of agreement to be legal because of the enormous pro-competitive effects created by the patent pool and the uncertainty of the future development of the nascent technology. At this moment, it is necessary to apply the patent misuse doctrine to deal with the problem. In addition, the principle of good faith which is encoded in article 148 of the civil code may be an appropriate medium to introduce the patent misuse doctrine into our legal system. Even if it is not yet introduced into our system, the patent misuse doctrine could be the guiding principle for our legal practitioners to apply article 148 of the civil code, article 60 of the patent act, article 18 and article 19 of the Fair Trade Act in order to deal with patent misuse issues in patent pool licensing. This article supports that the patent misuse doctrine should be refined and cooperate with competition law in order to form a complete regulation of patent misuse conducts, but it does not submit that current competition law should be entirely replaced by the patent misuse doctrine.
5

我國住宅地震保險相關法律問題之研究

鄧啟宏, Teng ,Chi Hung Unknown Date (has links)
九二一大地震發生之後,社會上對於住宅地震保險之需求日增。社會輿論與學術界也呼籲政府應建構一套適宜我國國情之住宅地震保險制度。經過政府官員、學者以及產險業界等代表之討論、規劃,我國終於民國九十年四月一日實施住宅地震保險。此一住宅地震保險制度並非完全補償民眾所面臨之地震危險,其僅係提供一基本保障,使得民眾能降低其所面臨之地震風險並且讓政府財政不致因地震而造成沈重負擔。我國住宅地震保險制度實施至今已逾四年,其中住宅地震保險共保及危險承擔機制相關法規於民國九十四年十二月一日以及九十五年十二月廿九日有所修正。惟雖現行制度因前次修正而稍完善,然細究住宅地震保險制度之相關法規內容,仍可見有所爭議之處。本文乃先予探述地震之成因、地震所致之災害類型以及透過保險制度分散地震風險可能面臨之問題,期能對地震風險有一概略之認識。此外,本文亦提出近期美國加州、日本以及紐西蘭等先進國家之住宅地震保險制度之運作概況,期能就我國住宅地震保險制度有缺失時,能作為一參考依據並更新現行文獻未更新之處。而本文重點即係探究我國住宅地震保險制度之相關之法律問題,期能為住宅地震保險制度之完善盡棉薄之力。

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