Orientadores: Jaime Amaya-Farfán, Maria Elena Guariento / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T16:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CaselatodeSousa_ValeriaMaria_D.pdf: 18676887 bytes, checksum: 4e3c3714fc8ef5e2496f2330ce90b2b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve por finalidade desenvolver e testar a aceitação de um muffin de maçã elaborado com farinha de amaranto, e verificar o efeito da ingestão de pipoca de amaranto nos níveis lipidícos de coelhos e humanos. No desenvolvimento do muffin foram elaboradas formulações que tiveram avaliadas o grau de aceitação para os atributos aparência, aroma, sabor, textura, impressão global e teste de intenção de compra. Foram realizados análise instrumental de textura, além de atividade de água e cor. A atitude do consumidor foi avaliada através da escala de atitude em relação à saúde ¿ HTAS em 125 consumidores. A pesquisa com os coelhos teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do consumo de pipoca de amaranto na regulação da dislipidemia induzida por dieta e na redução da hipercolesterolemia. Foram utilizados 28 coelhos da raça New Zealand, alimentados com dieta hipercolesterolêmiica por um período de 21 dias e divididos em 5 grupos, variável de 5 a 7 coelhos em cada grupo: G1 ¿ animais normocolesterolêmicos; G2 ¿ animais hipercolesterolêmicos, dieta normal com amaranto; G3 ¿ animais hipercolesterolêmicos, dieta hipercolesterolêm ica com amaranto; G4 ¿ animais hipercolesterolêmicos, dieta normal sem amaranto; G5 ¿ animais hipercolesterolêmicos, dieta hipercolesterolêmica sem amaranto. Ao final do experimento, foram dosados no plasma, o colesterol total e frações (LDL-c, HDL-c, Triacilglicerídeos, VLDL-c) e proteína C-reativa. Foi também verificado a excreção de colesterol e ácidos biliares nas fezes. Em segmentos de aorta dosouse colesterol tecidual, peroxidação lipídica, função endotelial utilizando-se curvas de concentração/efeito com acetilcolina. Foram observadas redu?o dos níveis de colesterol total e fração a LDL-c, nos grupos G2, G3 e G4. Houve aumento da excreção de colesterol nas fezes nos grupos G2 e G3. Os resultados de colesterol tecidual apontam um aumento em todos os grupos e a peroxidação lipídica se mostrou diminuída no grupo G3. Os dados sobre o relaxamento máximo dependente do endotélio demonstraram que o grupo G3 atingiu valores menores. O efeito hipocolesterolemiante também pode ser observado em coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos consumindo uma dieta normal. A pesquisa realizada com os humanos, tratou-se de um estudo de caso, com 20 idosos, entre 60 e 73 anos de idade, que receberam pipoca de amaranto e pipoca de arroz (placebo), ao longo de três meses. Na avaliação do estado nutricional, as variáveis antropoméricas mensuradas foram: peso (P), altura (A), prega cutânea tricipital (PCT), circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril (CQ), índice de massa corpórea (IMC), área muscular do braço corrigida (AMBc), massa magra (MM) e a massa livre de gordura (MLG) através da bioimpedância elétrica (BIA). As variáveis bioquímicas foram: glicemia de jejum, uréia, creatinina, colesterol total, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicérides e proteína C-reativa. As variáveis dietéticas analisadas foram o valor energético e o teor dos nutrientes (carboidratos, proteínas, lipídios, colesterol, fibras, cálcio e sódio). Os resultados apresentados pela ingestão da pipoca de amaranto nas variáveis antropométricas, foram diferenças estatísticas no peso, IMC, CC, CQ, BIA MM%; nas variáveis bioquímicas, constatou-se que houve uma diminuição no HDL-c; e nas variáveis dietéticas registrou-se influência significativa nos valores de cálcio e fibras. Concluiu-se que a pipoca de amaranto não teve um efeito positivo no perfil lipidêmico dos idosos avaliados, mas apresentou mudanças antropomêtricas positivas / Abstract: This study aimed the development and acceptance evaluation of an apple muffin elaborated with amaranth flour, also verifying the effect of amaranth popcorn feeding supplement on lipidemic levels of rabbits and humans. A number of muffin formulations were prepared during the development processes, which were evaluated based on acceptance degree for attributes such as: appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, overall impression, and purchase intent test. Instrumental texture analysis has been performed along with water activity and color analysis. Consumer attitude was assessed using a scale of attitude towards health - HTAS in 125 consumers. Amaranth popcorn consumption effects regulating diet induced dyslipidemia and hypercholesterolemia reduction was tested using 28 New Zealand rabbits. They were fed with a hypercholesterolemic diet for a period of 21 days and were divided into 5 groups, each group having between five and seven rabbits: normocholesterolemic animals (G1), hypercholesterolemic fed with normal diet + amaranth (G2), hypercholesterolemic animals fed with hypercholesterolemic diet (G3), hypercholesterolemic animals fed with normal diet without amaranth (G4), and hypercholesterolemic animals fed with hypercholesterolemic diet without amaranth. At the end of the experiment, their plasma was dosed for total cholesterol and (LDL-c, HDL-c, triacylglycerides, VLDL-c) fractions and C-reactive protein. Cholesterol and bile acids feces excretion was also determined. Aorta segments were dosed for tissue cholesterol and endothelial function using concentration/effect curves with acetylcholine. Reduced levels of total cholesterol and LDL-c fraction were observed in groups G2, G3 and G4. There was an increased excretion of cholesterol in the feces of groups G2 and G3. Tissue cholesterol results indicate an increase in every group and lipid peroxidation was found decreased in group G3. The data on endothelium dependent maximum relaxation showed lower values for group G3 also. The cholesterol lowering effect can also be observed in hypercholesterolemic rabbits consuming a normal diet. Amaranth effects on elderly people consisted in a case study with 20 elderly, aged between 60 and 73 years old, who received amaranth popcorn and rice popcorn (placebo) for over a period of three months. Nutritional status was assessed measuring anthropometric variables as follows: weight (W), height (H), triceps skin fold (TSF), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI) , corrected arm muscle area (CAMA), lean mass (LM) and fatfree mass (FFM) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The assessed biochemical variables were as follows: fasting blood glucose, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides and C-reactive protein. Analyzed dietary variables were the energetic value and nutrient content (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, cholesterol, fiber, calcium and sodium). The results regarding the ingestion of the amaranth product in the anthropometric variables showed statistical differences in weight, BMI, WC, HC, BIA LM%; as of the biochemical variables, it was found that there was a decrease in HDL-c, and in the dietary variables there was a significant influence on the values of calcium and fiber. It was concluded that the amaranth popcorn did not have a positive effect on blood lipid profile of elderly patients, but showed positive anthropometric changes instead / Doutorado / Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição

L’obtention de spermatozoïdes fécondants est un processus long et multi étapes, débutant par la production des gamètes mâles dans le testicule. Les spermatozoïdes sont ensuite successivement maturés au cours du transit épididymaire puis lors de leur passage dans les voies génitales femelles au cours du processus de capacitation. Ces étapes de maturation post-testiculaires concernent notamment la composition lipidique du gamète pour lui permettre d’acquérir une fluidité membranaire essentielle à la fécondation. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse mettent en évidence l’importance de l’homéostasie lipidique épididymaire pour la maturation lipidique des spermatozoïdes et l’acquisition du pouvoir fécondant. Au niveau moléculaire cette homéostasie lipidique est régulée par les isoformes α et β des LXRs, les récepteurs nucléaires des oxystérols (NR1H3 et NR1H2, respectivement). Un régime alimentaire enrichi en cholestérol chez des souris jeunes invalidées pour les LXRs entraîne une infertilité avec une atteinte spécifique de l’épididyme. La maturation épididymaire des spermatozoïdes est alors altérée, entraînant des défauts de compositions lipidiques et protéiques de la membrane plasmique spermatique. Ces défauts ont des répercussions délétères sur la capacitation, issues de perturbations des flux calciques et de la tyrosine phosphorylation. En plus de leurs répercussions endocriniennes, les dyslipidémies semblent également affecter la maturation post-testiculaire. Ces résultats sont à considérer dans le cadre des protocoles de PMA puisque le bilan lipidique plasmatique ne fait pas partie des examens classiques des couples en PMA. Or en France, 55% des hommes entre 30 et 54 ans sont atteints d’une dyslipidémie. Ces désordres métaboliques lipidiques pourraient altérer la maturation post-testiculaire des gamètes, provoquant un certain nombre d’infertilités et/ou d’échecs en PMA. / The acquisition of fertile spermatozoa is a long and multi-stage process, beginning with the production of male gametes in the testis. Spermatozoa then undergo two successive maturation steps, first during the epididymal transit and then in the female genital tract during the capacitation process. The post-testicular maturation particularly impacts sperm lipid composition, leading to a higher membrane fluidity considered to be essential for fertilization. The results presented in this work show the importance of epididymal lipid homeostasis for sperm lipid maturation and acquisition of fertilizing ability. At the molecular level, lipid homeostasis is regulated by the LXRs (α and β isoforms), the oxysterol nuclear receptors (NR1H3 and NR1H2, respectively). A cholesterol-enriched diet in young LXR-null mice leads to infertility with a specific epididymal alteration. Sperm epididymal maturation is altered, leading to defects in lipid and protein composition of the spermatic plasma membrane. These defects have detrimental effects on the capacitation process, characterized by disturbances of calcium flows and tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition to their endocrine effects, dyslipidemia also appear to affect post-testicular maturation. These results have to be considered in the context of ART protocols, since the plasma lipid status is not part of the routine examinations for couples in ART protocols. Concomitantly, in France, 55% of men aged 30-54 are dyslipidemic, suggesting that these lipid metabolic disorders could alter sperm post-testicular maturation, causing a number of infertility and / or ART failures.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of the association between obesity and periodontal infection and the association of statin medication with periodontal infection. This study was based on the nationally representative Health 2000 Survey, conducted by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (former National Public Health Institute of Finland) in 2000–2001. Article I included 396 dentate, non-diabetic subjects, aged 30–59 years, who had never smoked and who participated in the Follow-up Study on Finnish Adults’ Oral Health about four years later. Article II included 2,784 dentate, non-diabetic subjects, aged 30–49 years. Article III included 425 dentate, non-diabetic, non-rheumatic subjects, aged 45–64 years, who had never smoked and who participated in the in-depth examinations of the Health 2000 Survey. Article IV included 1,297 dentate, non-diabetic subjects, aged 30–49 years, who had never smoked. Article V included 2,032 dentate, non-diabetic, non-rheumatic subjects, aged 40–69 years, who did not smoke. The data used in this study were collected via home-visit interviews, self-administered questionnaires, clinical health examinations and laboratory measurements. In this general population of Finnish adults, high BMI was found to be associated with the incidence of new teeth with pathologically deepened periodontal pockets during four-year follow-up. On the other hand, the presence of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets was found to be associated with obesity in an exposure-response manner. Serum IL-6 levels were found to be associated with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets, but no consistent association was found between serum TNF-α, triglyceride, HDL-C or LDL-C levels and periodontal infection. Statin medication was found to be inversely associated with the number of teeth with deepened periodontal pockets among subjects with visible signs of gingival inflammation, whereas among subjects with no signs of inflammation, statin medication was associated with an increased likelihood of having periodontal infection. The results of this study support the view that obesity could be causally related to the development of periodontal infection, but does not provide evidence that high body weight could be considered a major risk factor. The present study also suggests that a bi-directional association between obesity and periodontal infection is possible. The present study suggests that elevated serum IL-6 could mediate the association of obesity with periodontal infection. The results of this study also suggest that statins could be beneficial as a part of periodontal treatment. / Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää lihavuuden ja parodontaali-infektion välisen yhteyden luonnetta sekä statiinien käytön yhteyttä parodontaali-infektioon. Tutkimus perustui kansalliseen Terveys 2000 -tutkimukseen, jonka toteutti Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (entinen Kansanterveyslaitos) vuosina 2000 ja 2001. Artikkeli I perustui 396 hampaalliseen henkilöön, jotka olivat ei-diabeetikkoja, 30–59-vuotiaita, eivät koskaan olleet tupakoineet sekä olivat osallistuneet suunterveyden seurantatutkimukseen neljä vuotta myöhemmin. Artikkeli II perustui 2784 hampaalliseen henkilöön, jotka olivat ei-diabeetikkoja, 30–49-vuotiaita eivätkä olleet koskaan tupakoineet. Artikkeli III perustui 425 hampaalliseen henkilöön, joilla ei ollut diabetesta tai reumaa, olivat 45–64-vuotiaita, eivät koskaan olleet tupakoineet ja olivat osallistuneet Terveys 2000 -tutkimuksen täydentäviin tutkimuksiin. Artikkeli IV perustui 1297 hampaalliseen henkilöön, jotka olivat ei-diabeetikkoja, 30–49-vuotiaita eivätkä olleet koskaan tupakoineet. Artikkeli V perustui 2032 hampaalliseen henkilöön, jotka olivat ei-diabeetikkoja, ei-reumaatikkoja, 40–69-vuotiaita, jotka olivat hampaallisia eivätkä tupakoineet. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin kotihaastattelusta, kyselyistä, kliinisestä tutkimuksesta sekä laboratoriomittauksista. Korkean painoindeksin todettiin olevan yhteydessä uusien ientaskuhampaiden ilmaantumiseen seurannan aikana. Toisaalta ientaskuhampaiden esiintymisen todettiin olevan yhteydessä lihavuuteen altistus-vastesuhteen mukaisesti. Seerumin IL-6 pitoisuuden todettiin olevan yhteydessä ientaskuhampaiden lukumäärään, mutta seerumin TNF-α-, triglyseridi-, LDL-kolesteroli- tai HDL-kolesterolipitoisuudella ei todettu yhteyttä ientaskuhampaiden lukumäärään. Statiinien käytön todettiin olevan käänteisesti yhteydessä ientaskuhampaiden lukumäärään henkilöillä, joilla oli näkyviä merkkejä ikenen inflammaatiosta. Henkilöillä, joilla ei ollut näkyviä merkkejä inflammaatiosta, statiinien käyttö oli yhteydessä suurentuneeseen todennäköisyyteen ientaskuhampaiden esiintymiseen. Tämän tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat käsitystä, että lihavuus voi olla kausaalisesti yhteydessä parodontaali-infektion kehittymiseen, mutta ei puolla käsitystä, että sitä voitaisiin pitää merkittävänä riskitekijänä. On myös mahdollista, että lihavuuden ja parodontaali-infektion välillä on kaksisuuntainen yhteys. Tämän tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan on mahdollista, että kohonnut seerumin IL-6 pitoisuus voi välittää lihavuuden yhteyden parodontaali-infektioon. Tutkimuksen tulosten mukaan on myös mahdollista, että statiineista voi olla hyötyä osana parodontaalihoitoa.

Orientadores: Denise Engelbrecht Zantut Wittmann, Heraldo Mendes Garmes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:57:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosellCastillo_Alejandro_M.pdf: 1638622 bytes, checksum: 1b3c715bebcd9913f573b5ef8758046e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Introdução O Hipopituitarismo (HP) é uma doença que tem como condição básica a deficiência na produção ou na ação de qualquer um dos hormônios da adeno-hipófise. Quando isto ocorre em dois ou mais hormônios, é denominado Pan-hipopituitarismo (PH). O HP é conhecidamente associado ao aumento da prevalência de Síndrome metabólica (SM), principalmente em pacientes com deficiência grave de hormônio de crescimento (GH). Apesar da suposta relação entre HP e síndrome metabólica, poucos estudos avaliaram a prevalência da SM e suas características clínico-laboratoriais nos pacientes com PH, geralmente ressaltando apenas a relação com a falência de GH. Objetivos Neste sentido, devido à escassez de informações na literatura, realizamos um estudo em pacientes com Pan-hipopituitarismo investigando as características e as frequências da SM e esteatose hepática (EH), assim como os perfis glicêmico, lipídico e de marcadores inflamatórios e de RI comparados a um grupo controle pareados pela idade, sexo e IMC. Metodologia Estudo transversal em que foram avaliados 41 pacientes com diagnóstico de PH e 37 indivíduos com função hipofisária normal pareados pela idade, sexo e índice de massa corporal. Avaliaram-se dados clínicos, antropométricos, ultrassonográficos (para EH), concentrações séricas de proteína C reativa (PCR) bem como exames laboratoriais que refletem os perfis lipídico, glicêmico e de RI. Resultados As frequências de SM e EH foram 65,9% e 78% nos pacientes com PH, e de 59,5% e 64,9% nos indivíduos do grupo de controle respetivamente. No entanto a frequência do diagnostico de dislipidemia (DLP) foi maior nos pacientes com PH (75,6% vs 51,4%; p=0,026). Os valores de Índice cintura quadril (ICQ) (p<0,001), glicemia (Gli) (p=0,010), insulina (p<0,001), e do índice indicativo de resistência à insulina (Homeostatic Model Assessment, HOMA-IR) (p<0,001) foram maiores nos indivíduos do grupo de controle. Por outro lado as concentrações séricas de PCR (p=0,011) foram maiores nos pacientes com PH. Na comparação entre os pacientes e indivíduos controle com SM, apresentaram-se valores significativamente superiores no grupo de indivíduos com SM, em relação à Gli (p=0,043), hemoglobina glicada (HBGli) (p=0,030), insulina (p<0,001), HOMA-IR (p<0,001), ICQ ( p=0,001). No entanto, os pacientes com PH e SM apresentaram maior frequência do diagnóstico de DLP (P=0,012) e concentrações significativamente superiores de PCR (P=0,028). O índice de massa corporal (IMC), idade e sexo feminino foram fatores de risco independentes para o desenvolvimento de SM nos pacientes com pan-hipopituitarismo, e a hemoglobina glicada nos indivíduos do grupo controle. Conclusões As frequências de síndrome metabólica e esteatose hepática foram semelhantes em pacientes com PH e nos indivíduos controle, por outro lado a frequência do diagnóstico de DLP foi maior nos pacientes com PH. Os indivíduos controle com SM apresentaram maior RI quando comparados aos pacientes com PH e SM. No entanto, os pacientes com PH e SM apresentaram maiores concentrações de PCR, e maior frequência do diagnóstico de DLP. O IMC, idade e sexo feminino foram os fatores de risco independentes para o desenvolvimento da SM nos pacientes com PH e a hemoglobina glicada nos indivíduos do grupo de controle / Abstract: Introduction Hypopituitarism (HP) is a disease that is characterized by the deficiency in secretion or action of any of the anterior pituitary hormones. When it occurs in two or more hormonal axis it is denominated pan-hypopituitarism (PH). PH is associated to and increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), especially in patients with severe growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Despite the supposed relation of MS and PH, few studies have assessed the prevalence of MS and its clinical and laboratorial characteristics in patients with PH, often only highlighting the association with GH deficiency. Objectives Thus, due to the paucity of information in the literature, we conducted a study in patients with PH investigating the characteristics and the frequencies of MS and hepatic steatosis (HS), as well as fasting glycaemia, lipid profile and inflammatory and insulin resistance markers compared to a control group paired by age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Methodology This was a cross study evaluating 41 patients with PH and 37 individuals with normal pituitary function paired by age, sex and BMI. We evaluated clinical, anthropometric and ultrassonographic (for HS) data as well as serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glycaemia, lipid profile and insulin resistance index. Results The frequencies of MS and HS were 65.9% and 78% in patients with PH and 59.5% and 64.9% in control group individuals, respectively. However, the frequency of dyslipidemia diagnosis was higher in patients with PH (75.6% vs 51.4%; p=0.026). Waist to hip ratio (WHR) (p<0.001), fasting glycemia (p=0.01), fasting insulin (p<0.001) and the HOMA (Homeostatic Model Assessment ¿ HOMA IR) (p<0.001) were higher in control group individuals. On the other hand, CRP (p=0.011) levels were higher in patients with PH. Comparing control group individuals with MS and patients with PH and MS, fasting glycaemia (p=0.043), HbA1c (p=0.03), fasting insulin (p<0.001), HOMA IR (p<0.001) and WHR (p=0.001) were higher in the control group. Patients with PH and MS presented higher frequency of dyslipidemia diagnosis (p=0.012) and CRP levels (p=0.028). Body mass index, age and female sex were independent risk factors for MS in patients with PH, whereas the only significant factor in the control group was HbA1c. Conclusions The frequencies of MS and HS were similar in patients with PH and control group individuals. However, the frequency of dyslipidemia was higher in patients with PH. Control group individuals with MS showed increased insulin resistance when compared to patients with PH and MS. Patients with PH and MS had higher serum concentrations of CRP, and higher frequency of dyslipidemia diagnosis. Body mass index, age and female sex were independent risk factors for MS development in patients with PH whereas only HbA1c was a significant risk factor for MS in control group individuals / Mestrado / Clinica Medica / Mestre em Clinica Medica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciane Romero.pdf: 246575 bytes, checksum: e11cceb3e183539549d67f365a9d8b0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of analogous capsiate (Capsicum annuum) on thermogenesis and lipid profile of Wistar obese and non-obese. We used 64 Wistar rats, 60 days old and weighing 200g. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 16), where they received treatment for six weeks: control group (C) fed a commercial (Labina ®) and filtered water (placebo), Group Control + Capsiate (CC) : fed a commercial (Labina ®) and capsiate; Obese Group (The): fed with high fat diet and filtered water (placebo); capsiate group O + (OC): fed with high fat diet and capsiate. For evaluation of thermogenesis were measured every seven days during the experiment, rectal body temperature and weight of the rats. At 7 weeks the animals were anesthetized and euthanasia performed by exsanguination by cardiac puncture for lipid profile determination through the measurement of triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-Col (high density lipoprotein). The results showed an increase in temperature of the OC group, as well as increased levels of HDL-Chol in the supplemented groups (OC and CC). It is concluded that supplementation with capsiate briefly increased thermogenesis by speeding up metabolism and positively influencing the levels of HDL-Chol and can be used as another form of treatment of obesity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potentiation of the effect of capsiate associated with regular physical activity and a balanced diet. / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do análogo capsiate (Capsicum annuum) sobre a termogênese e perfil lipídico de ratas Wistar obesas e não obesas. Foram utilizadas 64 ratas Wistar, com 60 dias de idade e peso médio de 200g. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=16), onde receberam os tratamentos por seis semanas: Grupo Controle (C): alimentados com dieta padrão comercial (Labina®) e água filtrada (placebo); Grupo Controle+Capsiate (CC): alimentados com dieta padrão comercial (Labina®) e capsiate; Grupo Obeso (O): alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica e água filtrada (placebo); Grupo Obeso+Capsiate (OC): alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica e capsiate. Para avaliação da termogênese, foram aferidos a cada sete dias, durante o experimento, a temperatura corporal retal e o peso das ratas. Na 7ª semana os animais foram anestesiados e a eutanásia realizada através de exanguinação por punção cardíaca para determinação do perfil lipídico por meio da dosagem dos triglicérides, colesterol total e fração HDL-Col (lipoproteína de alta densidade). Os resultados evidenciaram um aumento de temperatura do grupo OC, bem como elevação dos níveis de HDL-Col nos grupos suplementados (CC e OC). Conclui-se que a suplementação com capsiate por curto tempo, aumentou a termogênese, acelerando o metabolismo e influenciando positivamente os níveis de HDL-Col, podendo ser utilizada como mais uma forma de tratamento da obesidade. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliar a potencialização do efeito do capsiate associado à atividade física regular e alimentação balanceada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GerusaDiasSiqueiraTerra-dissertacao-completa.pdf: 368963 bytes, checksum: e83d124cb3bda742ff64fecbae0111b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-21 / Regular physical activity combined with healthy eating habits are important factors in primary prevention and therapeutic support in cardiovascular diseases, such as dyslipidemia and left ventricular hypertrophy, which are outstanding risk indicators of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the effects of swimming on the lipid profile and left ventricular structures in hyperlipidemic mice. Twenty-eight male LDLr-/- mice were randomly separated into 4 groups: sedentary, fed a standard diet (S); exercising, fed a standard diet (E+Nat); sedentary, fed a hyperlipidic diet (S+HL); and exercising, fed a hyperlipidic diet (E+HL). The exercising mice swam daily for 60 minutes during 60 days. Blood was collected for measuring the plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and its fractions (LDL, HDL, VLDL). The heart was removed and the left ventricle was weighed fresh to calculate the ratio left-ventricle weight (mg)/body weight (g). The results showed that swimming was more effective in improving lipid plasma levels when combined with a balanced diet, thereby confirming that it is essential to associate physical exercise and diet. Swimming resulted in eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy in the standard-diet group and decreased interstitial collagen deposition in the myocardium of the high-fat-diet animals, which may indicate an improved diastolic function with consequent improvement in the systolic function. It was concluded that regular aerobic exercise induce cardiac adaptations that improve whole body physiology by promoting health and preventing diseases. However, it is extremely important to note that exercise should be regular and associated with an adequate diet. / A prática de atividade física regular, associada a hábitos alimentares saudáveis são fatores importantes na prevenção primária e no suporte terapêutico das doenças cardiovasculares, dentre as quais as dislipidemias e a hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, que representam indicadores de grande relevância no risco de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de analisar os efeitos da natação no perfil lipídico e nas estruturas ventriculares esquerdas de camundongos hiperlipidêmicos. Foram utilizados 28 camundongos LDLr-/-, machos, divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: sedentários alimentados com ração padrão (S); treinados alimentados com ração padrão (S+Nat), sedentários alimentados com ração hiperlipídica (HL) e treinados alimentados com ração hiperlipídica (HL+Nat). Os animais dos grupos treinados praticaram natação em intensidade moderada, por 60 minutos durante 60 dias consecutivos. O sangue foi coletado e o soro utilizado para análises laboratoriais de triglicérides, colesterol total e suas frações (LDL, HDL, VLDL). O coração foi removido e somente o ventrículo esquerdo foi pesado a fresco para se calcular a proporção do peso ventricular esquerdo (mg)/ peso do animal (g). Os resultados mostraram que a natação foi mais eficiente na melhora dos níveis plasmáticos de lipídeos quando acompanhada por uma dieta adequada, confirmando que a associação exercício físico com dieta equilibrada é essencial para obtenção de seus benefícios. A natação ocasionou hipertrofia ventricular esquerda excêntrica no grupo alimentado com dieta padrão e, principalmente, diminuiu o depósito de colágeno intersticial no miocárdio dos animais alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica, o que pode indicar uma melhora na função diastólica com consequente melhora da função sistólica. Concluiu-se que a prática de exercícios aeróbicos regulares induz adaptações cardíacas que melhoram o funcionamento do organismo, promovendo saúde e prevenindo doenças. Contudo é de suma importância observar que sua prática deve ser regular e associada a uma dieta adequada.

A incidência da obesidade tomou proporções epidêmicas nos últimos anos, atingindo bilhões de indivíduos mundialmente. A DHGNA é uma manifestação hepática das alterações metabólicas causadas pela obesidade e os casos desta doença vêm crescendo cada vez mais. Alternativas capazes de reduzir estas alterações são fundamentais para minimizar o impacto na qualidade de vida da população e na economia do país. Diversos estudos têm mostrado que os compostos bioativos de alimentos possuem efeitos benéficos à saúde. O camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H. B. K). Mc Vaugh) é um fruto nativo da região amazônica com potencial agroeconômico ainda inexplorado, que contém um grande número de compostos fitoquímicos que podem atuar sobre o metabolismo corporal. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos compostos fenólicos do camu-camu no desenvolvimento da DHGNA em camundongos C57BL/6 que receberam dieta rica em lipídios e sacarose (HFS). O extrato rico em compostos fenólicos da polpa comercial deste fruto foi obtido através de extração em fase sólida e caracterizado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE/DAD). Os extratos obtidos foram testados em doses de 7 mg e de 14 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/Kg de peso corporal. Foram investigados os efeitos destes compostos sobre as homeostases glicídica e lipídica através de análises séricas, testes de tolerância à insulina e à glicose e conteúdo de glicogênio e triacilglicerol intra-hepático. O extrato do camu-camu apresentou flavonóis, ácido elágico e elagitaninos em sua composição. A suplementação com extrato fenólico de camu-camu diminuiu a intolerância à glicose, independente da dose administrada, e melhorou a sensibilidade à insulina e regulou o conteúdo de glicogênio intra-hepático na maior dose. Não foi observado efeito sobre os lipídios plasmáticos. Entretanto, nota-se que houve uma melhora na função hepática em decorrência da redução da atividade da alanina aminotransferase (ALT), indicadora de dano celular, independente da dose. Além disso, a suplementação com extratos fenólicos do camu-camu na maior dose reduziu o conteúdo de triacilglicerol intra-hepático (p = 0,0001) e de biomarcadores inflamatórios, como Proteína - C Reativa (PCR) (p = 0,0359) e prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) (p = 0,004). Estes efeitos foram associados, principalmente, à menor ingestão alimentar. Portanto, neste estudo, os compostos fenólicos do camu-camu foram eficientes em prevenir a progressão da DHGNA em camundongos alimentados com dieta HFS. / Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in recent years, affecting billions of people worldwide. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic disorder induced by the metabolic changes caused by obesity and its incidence has been growing increasingly. Alternatives designed to reduce such changes are crucial to minimize their impact on the population´s quality of life and countries economy. Several studies have shown that food bioactive compounds have beneficial effects on health. Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (H. B. K.) Mc Vaugh) is a native fruit from Amazonan, with unexplored agroeconomic potential, which contains a large number of phytochemical compounds that can act on body metabolism. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the effect of the phenolic compounds of camu-camu in the development of NAFLD in C57BL/6 mice fed with a lipid and saccharose-rich diet (HFS). The phenolic compound-rich extract was obtained from the commercial pulp of this fruit using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC/DAD). The resulting extracts were tested at 7 mg and 14 mg gallic acid equivalents/kg body weight. The effects of these compounds on glucose and lipid homeostasis were investigated by serum analyses, insulin and glucose tolerance tests and intrahepatic content of glycogen and triacylglycerol. Camu-camu extract presented flavonols, ellagic acid and ellagitannins in its composition. Supplementation with camu-camu phenolic extract decreased glucose intolerance, regardless the dose, improved insulin sensitivity and normalized the intra-hepatic glycogen content at the highest dose. No effects on plasma lipid were found. However, an improvement in liver function due to the decrease in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed, suggestive of cell damage, regardless the dose. Moreover, the supplementation with phenolic extracts of camu-camu at the highest dose decreased the intrahepatic content of triacylglycerol (p = 0.0001) and inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.0359) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (p = 0.004). Such effects were primarily associated with lower food intake. Therefore, in this study, the phenolic compounds of camu-camu have shown to be effective in preventing the progression of NAFLD in mice fed with HFS (high-fat/sucrose) diet.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciane Romero.pdf: 246575 bytes, checksum: e11cceb3e183539549d67f365a9d8b0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of analogous capsiate (Capsicum annuum) on thermogenesis and lipid profile of Wistar obese and non-obese. We used 64 Wistar rats, 60 days old and weighing 200g. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 16), where they received treatment for six weeks: control group (C) fed a commercial (Labina ®) and filtered water (placebo), Group Control + Capsiate (CC) : fed a commercial (Labina ®) and capsiate; Obese Group (The): fed with high fat diet and filtered water (placebo); capsiate group O + (OC): fed with high fat diet and capsiate. For evaluation of thermogenesis were measured every seven days during the experiment, rectal body temperature and weight of the rats. At 7 weeks the animals were anesthetized and euthanasia performed by exsanguination by cardiac puncture for lipid profile determination through the measurement of triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-Col (high density lipoprotein). The results showed an increase in temperature of the OC group, as well as increased levels of HDL-Chol in the supplemented groups (OC and CC). It is concluded that supplementation with capsiate briefly increased thermogenesis by speeding up metabolism and positively influencing the levels of HDL-Chol and can be used as another form of treatment of obesity. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potentiation of the effect of capsiate associated with regular physical activity and a balanced diet. / O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito do análogo capsiate (Capsicum annuum) sobre a termogênese e perfil lipídico de ratas Wistar obesas e não obesas. Foram utilizadas 64 ratas Wistar, com 60 dias de idade e peso médio de 200g. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=16), onde receberam os tratamentos por seis semanas: Grupo Controle (C): alimentados com dieta padrão comercial (Labina®) e água filtrada (placebo); Grupo Controle+Capsiate (CC): alimentados com dieta padrão comercial (Labina®) e capsiate; Grupo Obeso (O): alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica e água filtrada (placebo); Grupo Obeso+Capsiate (OC): alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica e capsiate. Para avaliação da termogênese, foram aferidos a cada sete dias, durante o experimento, a temperatura corporal retal e o peso das ratas. Na 7ª semana os animais foram anestesiados e a eutanásia realizada através de exanguinação por punção cardíaca para determinação do perfil lipídico por meio da dosagem dos triglicérides, colesterol total e fração HDL-Col (lipoproteína de alta densidade). Os resultados evidenciaram um aumento de temperatura do grupo OC, bem como elevação dos níveis de HDL-Col nos grupos suplementados (CC e OC). Conclui-se que a suplementação com capsiate por curto tempo, aumentou a termogênese, acelerando o metabolismo e influenciando positivamente os níveis de HDL-Col, podendo ser utilizada como mais uma forma de tratamento da obesidade. Novos estudos são necessários para avaliar a potencialização do efeito do capsiate associado à atividade física regular e alimentação balanceada.

PCSK9 est un régulateur clé du métabolisme du cholestérol par le foie à travers la dégradation lysosomiale du récepteur aux LDL (low-density lipoprotein). Alors que les mutations gain de fonction (GOF) de PCSK9 induisent une hypercholestérolémie autosomique dominante, les mutations pertes de fonctions (LOF) entraînent un taux spontanément bas de LDL-cholestérol, ainsi qu’un protection cardiovasculaire. Du fait des limitations inhérentes aux modèles d’études, tels que les lignées cellulaires transfectées ou des animaux transgéniques, les fonctions de PCSK9 restent encore mal connues. Ainsi, nous avons utiliser des cellules souches pluripotentes induites (hiPSC) spécifiques de patients pour les différencier en hépatocytes et modéliser la physiopathologie liée aux mutations de PCSK9 GOF-S127R et LOF-R104C/V114A. Nous avons démontré que les hépatocytes obtenus récapitulaient la physiopathologie liés aux mutations de PCSK9. De plus, les cellules portant la mutation S127R ont montré une importante réponse au traitement par les statines, qui est corrélée à la réponse clinique des patients portant cette même mutation. Enfin, notre étude nous a permis de mettre à jour une fonction inattendue de PCSK9 dans les hiPSC et pendant leur différenciation. Elle montre que PCSK9 affecterait la prolifération des hiPSC ainsi qu’une voie de signalisation clé du développement régulée par NODAL. Cette régulation se ferait à travers une interaction directe entre PCSK9 et DACT2, un régulateur intracellulaire de la voie de signalisation de NODAL. En conclusion, les hiPSC s’avèrent être un modèle cellulaire translationnel pertinent pour mettre à jour de nouvelles fonctions hépatiques de PCSK9. / PCSK9 has been identified as a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism by the liver through inducing lysosomal degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). While PCSK9 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations induced autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia and increased cardiovascular risk, loss-of-function (LOF) mutations are associated with low LDL-cholesterol levels and cardiovascular protection. Due to limitations inherent to current models including animal and human cells lines transfected with DNA constructs or transgenic animal models, PCSK9 functions are not fully understood. Therefore, we took advantage of patient related somatic cells reprogramming intoinduced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) to generate hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) and model the pathophysiology of PCSK9 mutations in dyslipidemia through focusing on two intracellular mutation forms; GOF (S127R) and LOF (R104C/V114A). We showed that HLC could recapitulate the key pathophysiological features of PCSK9 mutations. Moreover, HLC with the S127R mutation displayed an increased uptake of LDL upon statin treatment, which was correlated with the original patient clinical response. In parallel, this model enabled us to unravel a new unexpected role of PCSK9 in hiPSC and during differentiation. PCSK9 was found to affect the proliferation of hiPSC and regulate a key developmental signaling pathway mediated by NODAL. This regulation might occur by a direct interaction between PCSK9 and DACT2, an intracellular attenuator of NODAL signaling pathway. In conclusion, hiPSC provide a pertinent translational model to decipher PCSK9 hepatic functions and a novel cellular environment to highlight new functions.

Background: In clinical practice, it is frequently observed that patients with hypertension often coexist with dyslipidemia. However, studies on atherosclerotic indices and the prevalence of hypertension are still limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between atherosclerotic indices and the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: In this paper, a cross-sectional study was conducted based on 117,056 adults in 11 Chinese cities (Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Changzhou, Nantong, Guangzhou, Hefei, Nanjing, and Chengdu) from 2010 to 2016. Besides, the raw data was obtained from the public database (www.Datadryad.org), while eight atherosclerosis indices namely the atherogenic coefficient (AC), Castelli's risk index I (CRI-I) and II (CRI-II), the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), the cholesterol index, the lipoprotein combined index (LCI), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) were analyzed in this study. Apart from that, two groups of continuous variables were measured using the Mann-Whitney test, and categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Differences between multiple groups of continuous variables were investigated using Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunn's test. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between atherosclerotic indices and blood pressure levels, and the prevalence of hypertension, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses were expressed as the odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was depicted to further analyze the predictive value of the atherosclerotic indices on the prevalence of hypertension. Results: The atherosclerosis indices were higher in the hypertensive population compared to those in the normotensive population. Meanwhile, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were linearly and positively correlated with atherosclerotic indices. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the cholesterol index and non-HDL-C were observed to be positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension (p for trend < 0.05). Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension increased by 3.7% (OR: 1.037; 95% CI: 1.009-1.065; p = 0.009) and 6.1% (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.033-1.091; p < 0.001), respectively, as per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in the cholesterol index and non-HDL-C. Beyond that, ROC analysis demonstrated that the cholesterol index and non-HDL-C have a good predictive value for the prevalence of hypertension in women, with under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.659 and 0.684 and cut-off values of 47.94 and 134.34 mg/dl, accordingly. Conclusions: In Chinese adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic indices were significantly higher in hypertensive populations compared with those in normotensive populations, regardless of hypertension levels. Meanwhile, SBP and DBP were linearly and positively related to atherosclerotic indices. Besides, the cholesterol index and non-HDL-C were independent risk factors for the prevalence of hypertension, and they could be adopted for effectively predicting the prevalence of hypertension in women.