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Bullying : auto-estima e diferenças de gêneroBandeira, Cláudia de Moraes January 2009 (has links)
O presente estudo teve por objetivo pesquisar a ocorrência de bullying em adolescentes de três escolas, públicas e privadas, da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. Investigou os tipos mais utilizados de bullying e a freqüência com que ocorrem. Objetivou, também, verificar se existe diferença na auto-estima de adolescentes envolvidos no bullying, enquanto vítimas, agressores, vítimas/agressores e testemunhas, por sexo. A amostra foi composta por 465 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, estudantes de quartas a oitavas séries do ensino fundamental. Dentre estas crianças, 52,7% pertenciam ao sexo masculino e a idade dos participantes variou entre nove e dezoito anos (M= 13,4 anos; dp = 1,47). Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sobre bullying, com 15 questões de múltipla escolha e a Escala de Auto-Estima de Rosenberg. Os dados foram coletados de forma coletiva nas escolas, após autorização das mesmas e consentimento dos adolescentes e pais. Os resultados mostraram que 67,5% foram vítimas, 54,7% foram agressores, 43,6% foram vítimas/agressores e 83,9% foram testemunhas de bullying. Uma ANOVA apontou uma interação entre sexo e papéis de bullying em relação à auto-estima. Testes Post Hoc demonstraram que meninos no grupo de vítimas/agressores apresentaram média superior de auto-estima em relação às meninas. Verificou-se que meninos no grupo de testemunhas apresentaram maior média de auto-estima que no grupo das vítimas. Verificou-se que as meninas no grupo de agressoras apresentaram média mais alta que o grupo das vítimas/agressoras. Concluiu-se que o bullying é um fenômeno de ocorrência muito comum e que apresenta diferentes implicações na auto-estima das meninas e dos meninos envolvidos em diferentes papéis. Novos estudos para esclarecer algumas dessas questões são propostos. / This study examined the occurrence of bullying in adolescents registered in elementary schools of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. It investigated the most common types of bullying and its prevalence. It aimed also to verify possible sex differences in the selfesteem of participant as a function of their roles in bullying as victims, aggressors, victims/ aggressors, or witnesses. The participants were 465 adolescents (52.7% males), nine to 18 years old (M= 13.4 years; sd = 1.47). The participants answered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a bullying questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choices questions. Results showed that 67.5% of the adolescents were victims, 54.7%, aggressors, 43.6%, victims/ aggressors, and 83.9%, witnesses. An ANOVA showed an interaction between sex and the participants’ bullying roles in relation to self-esteem. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that boys in the victims/aggressors group were higher than girls in self-esteem. Male witnesses presented higher self-esteem than victims. Female aggressors presented higher self-esteem than the victims/aggressors group. The results showed that bullying is a very common phenomenon of frequent occurrence which presents different implications for girls and boys self-esteem as a function of the roles they play. New studies to clarify some of these questions are suggested.
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Genetic and Parental Influences on the Development of Emotion Recognition Skills in ChildrenJohn, Sufna Gheyara 01 August 2014 (has links)
AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF SUFNA GHEYARA JOHN, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Psychology, presented on March 21st, 2014, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: GENETIC AND PARENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTION RECOGNITION SKILLS IN CHILDREN MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Lisabeth DiLalla The purpose of this study was to examine the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on children's emotion recognition (ER) skills and social difficulties (bullying and victimization). An additional goal was to examine the relation between parent ER skills, child ER skills, and child social difficulties. It was expected that genetic and environmental influences would account for a significant portion of the variance in child ER skills and social difficulties and that child ER skills and social difficulties would share common genetic and environmental influences. Moreover, it was predicted that parent and child ER skills would significantly predict child social difficulties. Finally, it was predicted that child angry and fearful biases in ER abilities would lead to greater social difficulties. 121 children (forming 69 twin pairs) ages 6-10 years and their parents participated in the study. Children and their parents completed an objective measure of ER abilities and subjective measures of child social difficulties. Separate analyses were conducted for child social difficulties by informant (parent or child) and type of difficulty (bullying or victimization). Results from this study suggest that genetic and non-shared environmental influences account for a significant portion of the variance in child ER skills, parent-reported bullying and victimization, and child-reported bullying. Conversely, environmental influences account for a significant portion of the variance in child-reported victimization. Child ER abilities and child-reported bullying shared common genetic influences. Path modeling demonstrated that parent ER skills predicted child ER skills and parent-reported bullying, whereas child ER skills predicted child-reported victimization. Finally, children who demonstrated an angry or fearful bias had greater involvement in bullying and were more victimized. These results underscore the importance of conceptualizing bullying and victimization from a biopsychosocial perspective that incorporates both biological and environmental influences on complex social behavior. Moreover, results in this study varied by informant, suggesting that it is important to gather information from multiple perspectives in order to gain the most comprehensive view of child behavior. Finally, these results suggest that helping children to achieve a more balanced perspective in their emotion recognition abilities may help reduce their involvement in socially maladaptive interactions.
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AN EXAMINATION OF RISK AND RESILIENCE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PTSD SYMPTOMS AND BULLYING IN MIDDLE SCHOOLERSVanderWoude, Chelsea Kylie 01 August 2016 (has links)
The current study examined the relation between symptoms of PTSD and depression with bullying victimization. Bullying victimization is a highly prevalent phenomenon that nearly half of all students experience (Gan, Zhong, Das, Gan, Willis, & Tully, 2014). Rates of bullying follow a linear trend through elementary grades, and plateau or peak in middle school (Atria, Strohmeier, & Spiel, 2007; Hoover, Oliver, Hazler, 1992; Nansel et al., 2001). Bullying increases a student’s likelihood to experience a range of emotional and behavioral disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), suggesting that bullying is a distressing life event for children. Yet only a small number of studies have provided evidence for the relation between bullying and symptoms of PTSD. This study sought to add support to a growing body of literature evaluating associations between these two variables, while also exploring possible moderators. Results suggested a significant relations among symptoms of PTSD, depression, andbullying victimization. This study identified several other significantly related variables, such as social support and gender, but failed to identify significant moderating variables between symptoms of PTSD and bullying victimization. This study also provided evidence for the relation between witnessing bullying and negative emotional reactions. The results, clinical implications, and limitations of this study are discussed.
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Effect of Dialogic Training on School Bullying and Inter-Student Cooperation with Sixth Grade Students in a Rural Oregon Middle SchoolKincade, Wendy 29 September 2014 (has links)
Despite all of the attention given to it by researchers, scientists, educators, psychologists, sociologists, etc., bullying continues to permeate K-12 schools around the world. Statistics on K-12 bullying in the U.S. confirm that not only did bullying double in the ten years between 2001 and 2011 but these numbers are not getting smaller. This thesis provides a sampling of studies and programs that have been done or are being done to understand, reduce, prevent, and eliminate school bullying. The emphasis of the sampling is on the use of top-down, hierarchical value structures, designed to encourage youth to comply with the values of a dominant adult group; these underlying values are in direct contrast to the underlying values of egalitarianism and self-determination that are inherent in the goals of the current study, where sixth grade students learned about dialogue and how to communicate with each other in nurturing non-hierarchical environments.
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Bullying: características desencadeadoras na opinião de universitários / Bullying: characteristics triggering in the opinion of university studentsGalli, Mariana Vicente [UNESP] 24 March 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / O corpo, a mente, o cérebro e o comportamento humano passaram, ao longo do tempo, por pressões evolutivas, ou seja, alguns mecanismos foram mantidos e aprimorados com a seleção natural. Desta forma, o comportamento humano seria o resultado do predisposto biologicamente e a influência do ambiente. Assim, alguns comportamentos foram mantidos como, por exemplo, a tendência de viver em grupos que podem tanto beneficiar o indivíduo quanto distorcer e fazer com que o mesmo abandone suas concepções e ideais. O preconceito, o estigma e o estereotipo são exemplos de situações em que o sujeito enfrenta dificuldade na interação grupal. Há de se considerar também que, quando este indivíduo deseja realmente fazer parte do grupo, o mesmo é capaz de manipular seus comportamentos a fim de convergir com o grupo, modificando assim a sua imagem pública. O bullying também pode ser apontado com uma situação em que ocorre a dificuldade de ajustamento grupal, caracterizado por agressões, ações desrespeitosas e assédios, que ocorram de maneira recorrente e intencional sem uma motivação específica do agressor. Desta forma, esta pesquisa se justificou pela necessidade de se compreender por que alguns indivíduos são mais vulneráveis ou propícios a serem vítimas de bullying, e assim evoluir o conhecimento sobre o fenômeno, para se obter um recurso a mais no campo científico, bem como a possibilidade de intervenção e prevenção no âmbito social. Desta maneira, objetivou-se investigar qualitativa e quantitativamente quais as características das vítimas de bullying, com distinção entre homens e mulheres em diferentes fases do ciclo vital, que desencadeiam tais práticas na opinião de universitários. Participaram 76 universitários (38 homens e 38 mulheres), com faixa etária de 17-29 anos, que estavam no primeiro e segundo ano de faculdade, nos cursos de Psicologia, Engenharia Elétrica, Biologia e Jornalismo, de uma faculdade pública do interior de São Paulo. Utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário elaborado pelos pesquisadores, que buscou obter características femininas e masculinas, que os participantes julgavam desencadear as práticas de bullying na escola no Ensino Fundamental II (9º ano) / Ensino Médias (1ª a 3ª série) e Ensino Superior. Como resultado observou-se que as mulheres obtiveram maior variabilidade ao mencionarem as características, em relação aos homens. Notou-se que no passado (Ensino Médio) as características estavam relacionadas a aspectos psicológicos, sociais e, sobretudo físicos, enquanto no presente (Ensino Superior) houve prevalência de aspectos psicológicos e social. As cinco características mais citadas no passado foram: gordo, homossexualidade, racismo, nerd, comportamento sexual livre. No presente foram: ideologia, homossexualidade, comportamento sexual livre, racismo e classe social. Outro ponto foi que as mulheres apresentaram mais facilidade para mencionar características de ambos os sexos, enquanto os homens apresentaram mais aptidão para mencionarem características relacionadas ao próprio sexo. Como conclusão, o estudo apontou que as marcas ou sinais que desencadeiam as práticas de bullying são reais, além de comprovar que a distinção de gênero ligada às características das vítimas de bullying, está relacionada a fatores biológicos que se acentuam quando analisados sob uma perspectiva cultural. Também se confirmou a existência de características específicas que vulnerabilizam o indivíduo, além de se observar que a práticas hostis também ocorrem na universidade, sendo necessários projetos para promoção de práticas de respeito e aceitação das diferenças. / The body, mind, brain and human behavior have, over time, passed through evolutionary pressures, that is, some mechanisms have been maintained and improved with natural selection. In this way, human behavior would be the result of biological predisposition and the influence of the environment. Thus, some behaviors have been maintained, such as the tendency to live in groups that can both benefit the individual and distort them and cause them to abandon their conceptions and ideals. Prejudice, stigma and stereotype are examples of situations in which the subject faces difficulty in group interaction. It must also be considered that when this individual really wants to be part of the group, he is able to manipulate his behavior in order to converge with the group, thus modifying his public image. Bullying can also be pointed out with a situation in which the difficulty of group adjustment occurs, characterized by aggressions, disrespectful actions and harassment that occur in a recurrent and intentional way without a specific motivation of the aggressor. Thus, this research was justified by the need to understand why some individuals are more vulnerable or susceptible to be victims of bullying, and thus to evolve the knowledge about the phenomenon, to obtain an additional resource in the scientific field, as well as Possibility of intervention and prevention in the social sphere. In this way, the objective was to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the characteristics of victims of bullying, with a distinction between men and women in different phases of the life cycle, that trigger such practices in the opinion of university students. Participants were 76 university students (38 men and 38 women), aged 17-29, who were in the first and second year of college, in the Psychology, Electrical Engineering, Biology and Journalism courses of a public college in the interior of São Paulo. A questionnaire developed by the researchers was used as instrument, that sought to obtain feminine and masculine characteristics, that the participants judged to initiate the bullying practices in the school in Elementary School II (9th grade) / Teaching Medium (1st to 3rd grade) and Higher Education. As a result, it was observed that women obtained greater variability when mentioning characteristics, in relation to men. It was noted that in the past (Teaching Medium) the characteristics were related to psychological, social and, above all, physical aspects, while in the present (Higher Education) there was a prevalence of psychological and social aspects. The five characteristics most cited in the past were: fat, homosexuality, racism, nerd, free sexual behavior. At present they were: ideology, homosexuality, free sexual behavior, racism and social class. Another point was that women were easier to mention characteristics of both sexes, while men were more apt to mention characteristics related to their sex. In conclusion, the study pointed out that the marks or signs that trigger the practices of bullying are real, besides proving that the gender distinction related to the characteristics of the victims of bullying, are related to biological factors that are accentuated when analyzed from a cultural perspective. It was also confirmed the existence of specific characteristics that vulnerabilize the individual, besides observing that hostile practices also occur in the university, and projects are needed to promote practices of respect and acceptance of differences.
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Relação entre estilos parentais, personalidade e regulação emocional na condição de bullying em adolescentesBarrios, Alejandro José Mena January 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014 / As a part of the theoretical study of this research, a systematic review of the literature on bullying and its correlations with parental styles, personality and emotional regulation was realized. Through fourteen papers included on this systematic review, we could verify a significant correlation between parental styles/parental practices and bullying. Simultaneously, the empirical part of this research aimed to study the correlation between parental styles, personality and emotional regulation among bullying factors (extreme bullying, bullying, active bystander, passive bystander and victim). The sample consisted of 423 participants (53% women, 47 men). Participants answered to a Socio demographic questionnaire, a bullying questionnaire (CMIE-II), a parental styles questionnaire and an emotional regulation test based on the Big Five taxonomy (BFP). We could verify a significant correlation between parental styles and the bullying factors: bullying and bullied. Moreover, a correlation was observed between the neuroticism personality factor and emotional deregulation among extreme bullying and abused factors. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre estilos parentais, personalidade e regulação emocional no processo de bullying em adolescentes através da realização de dois estudos, sendo um teórico e um empírico. No estudo teórico foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre a relação entre estilos parentais e bullying. Os resultados dos catorze artigos incluídos na revisão indicaram que a maior parte dos estudos revisados encontraram uma associação significativa entre estilos e práticas/parentais e bullying em crianças e adolescentes. O estudo empírico teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre estilos parentais, personalidade e regulação emocional nas diferentes condições de bullying: bullying extremo, abusador, observador passivo, observador ativo e abusado. A amostra foi formada por 423 participantes (57% mulheres e 43% homens). Os participantes responderam ao Questionário de dados sócio demográficos, Questionário Multimodal de Interação Escolar (CMIE-III) para avaliar bullying, Escala de estilos parentais Exigência e Responsividade, Escala de Dificuldades de Regulação Emocional (DERS) e Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP). Observou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre estilos parentais e os fatores abusador e bullying extremo, além de ter-se observado associação significativa entre o fator neuroticismo de personalidade e dificuldades de regulação emocional no fator bullying extremo e abusado.
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Supercordas do poder: o bullying no sistema penalRodrigues, Andreia de Brito January 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009 / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e discutir o fenômeno bullying no sistema penal. Para tanto a teoria das Supercordas é utilizada a fim de sustentar o poder como constituinte básico das relações em sociedade, passando-se pelas categorias jurídico-discursiva, anátomo-política e biopolítica de poder desenvolvidas por Michel Foucault para enfocar o bullying como relação de poder. Neste contexto, são realizadas incursões nas conceituações de violência, vitimização, medo, mal, mídia, alvo, estranho, subclasse e inimigo. Devido a sua condição estratégica, as práticas de poder criam um regime de saber, do qual o discurso se apodera e articula o poder e o saber, produzindo verdades mais úteis e transformando-se em mecanismo de controle social. Também são diferenciados do bullying os termos preconceito, estigmatização e “bode expiatório”. O bullying, também denominado psicoterror ou intimidação no presente trabalho, é identificado nas agências de criminalização secundárias de especial relevo para o assunto: as agências policiais, as agências judiciais – englobando os magistrados e os promotores de justiça com atuação criminal – e as agências penitenciárias.
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School bullying in contemporary Greece : An empirical examination of school bullying and its prevention in the Greek pressMILIOTIS, GEORGIOS January 2017 (has links)
School bullying and its prevention have emerged very recently as a crucial topic in the Greek research and media. This thesis uses three bullying cases reported in one of the largest morning newspapers in Greece to analyze the discussions around the definition of bullying and its consequences, causes and solutions. Furthermore, the discussions around the concepts of children and childhood are analyzed and reported. Even though the research in Greece the last five years has taken huge steps forward, it has been only based on a more traditional view on bullying, both in research and the media. This thesis suggests that the new paradigm of new social studies could be a vital analytical view on the studies of bullying and its prevention and could be a very useful alternative to be used by both research and the media.
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Bullying: impacto sobre a satisfação com a vida em adolescentesMARQUES, Daniel Francisco Pires Jovino, SILVA, Antonio Medeiros Peregrino da 11 March 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / Bullying é um dos tipos de violência escolar existentes. Dentre os parâmetros
de avaliação de qualidade de vida, tem sido utilizada a avaliação da satisfação
com a vida. Não há na literatura estudos que correlacionem o tipo de
envolvimento com bullying e satisfação com a vida. Este estudo tem por
objetivo investigar a correlação entre bullying escolar e a satisfação com a vida
em estudantes. Foram avaliados estudantes de 14 a 19 anos da Cidade do
Recife, Brasil, através de questionário sociodemográfico autoaplicável e da
Escala Multidimensional de Satisfação com a Vida em Estudantes. Após
responder a escala na sala de aulas, voluntários levaram para casa um
questionário a respeito de bullying e fatores associados, a ser devolvido nos
dias subsequentes. Os voluntários foram divididos em cinco grupos: vítimas;
vítimas-agressoras; agressores nos últimos 30 dias; agressores inativos nos
últimos 30 dias; e estudantes sem envolvimento com bullying. Para um total de
496 voluntários, houve diferença estatística significante (p<0.05) entre os
grupos avaliados. O grupo sem envolvimento teve pontuações estatisticamente
maiores na escala que os demais grupos, exceto que o grupo que havia
cometido bullying há mais de 30 dias. Esse resultado demonstra que vítimas,
agressores nos últimos 30 dias e vítimas-agressoras têm pior satisfação com a
vida que aqueles sem envolvimento com bullying. Devido à presença de
transtornos mentais, comportamentais e de aprendizagem encontrados em
adolescentes envolvidos com bullying, torna-se necessário o melhor
conhecimento do fenômeno e dos envolvidos, para o desenvolvimento de
políticas educacionais e preventivas em saúde mental.
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Bullying entre escolares do ensino mÃdio: o fenÃmeno em escolas do municÃpio de Sobral â Cearà / Bullying among high school students: the phenomenon in schools of the city of Sobral - CearÃKÃsia Marques Moraes 26 March 2012 (has links)
Bullying à a denominaÃÃo utilizada para um conjunto de comportamentos agressivos, emitidos de maneira intencional e repetitiva, sem um estÃmulo motivador aparente. Pode ser classificado de diversas formas, como: verbal, fÃsica e material, psicolÃgica e moral, sexual e virtual ou ciberbullying. Os objetivos do estudo foram: analisar a situaÃÃo do bullying entre estudantes do Ensino MÃdio de Escolas PÃblicas de Sobral â CE; descrever o perfil socioeconÃmico, cultural e comportamental dos estudantes; identificar situaÃÃes em que os estudantes se encontram como vÃtima, observadores ou agressores e investigar os mecanismos de enfrentamento das vÃtimas frente ao bullying. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado nos meses de setembro a dezembro de 2011 em treze escolas estaduais do municÃpio de Sobral â CE com 369 estudantes. Para identificar diferenÃa entre os grupos de alunos que eram vÃtima, testemunha e agressor, foram realizados teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson e Fisher, sendo utilizado valor de p menor que 0,05. Os dados foram analisados em Excel e SPSS 15. Os dados encontrados mostraram que 18,4% dos estudantes consideram-se vÃtimas de agressÃo, as testemunhas se configuram em 44,4% e 9,5% deles se classificaram como agressores. Quanto à tipologia das agressÃes, destaca-se a forma verbal, identificada por 75% dos estudantes pesquisados, seguido da forma psicolÃgica e fÃsica. No que diz respeito à idade, quanto maior a idade, menor a chance dele vir a ser vÃtima de agressÃo (p<0,05). Ao associar o arranjo familiar com a presenÃa ou nÃo de agressÃo (p<0,05), filhos de pais separados/divorciados tem mais chances de serem agredidos do que filhos de pais casados. Quando se trata da sÃrie e idade, os alunos do 3 ano e os mais velhos presenciam menos episÃdios de agressÃo (p<0,05). Sobre o local do evento, a sala de aula configura-se como principal local, seguido dos espaÃos na hora do intervalo. Mas, no que diz respeito à sÃrie e idade, os alunos do 3 ano e os mais velhos presenciam menos episÃdios de agressÃo (p<0,05). Este estudo poderà contribuir para ajudar pais, educadores, estudantes, profissionais de saÃde e gestores no enfrentamento deste problema na busca de um agir educativo com polÃticas pÃblicas efetivas. / Bullying is the name used for a range of aggressive behaviors, delivered in an intentional and repetitive way, without an apparent motivating stimulus. It can be variously classified as: verbal, physical and material, psychological and moral, sexual and virtual or ciberbullying. The study objectives were to analyze the situation of bullying among students of the Public Schools in Sobral - CE, to describe the socioeconomic, cultural and behavioral of the students, to identify situations in which students find themselves as victims, aggressors or observers and investigate the confrontation mechanisms of the victims against the bullying. This is a cross-sectional study conducted from September to December 2011 in thirteen state schools in the city of Sobral â CE with 369 students. To identify differences between groups of students who were victims, witnesses and aggressors were conducted Pearsonâs chi-square test being used p value less than 0.05. The data were analyzed in Excel and SPSS 15. The results show that 18.4% of students consider themselves victims of aggression, the witnesses are configured in 44.4% and 9.5% are classified as aggressors. As to the types of aggression, there is the verb form, identified by 75% of students surveyed, followed by psychological and physical form. With regard to age, the older, lesser is the chance of the student becoming victim of aggression (p <0.05). By associating the family arrangement with the presence or absence of aggression (p <0.05), those whose parents are separated / divorced are more likely to be abused than children of married parents. When it comes to variety and age, students in third grade and older witness fewer episodes of aggression (p <0.05). About the event location, the classroom is configured as primary site, followed by the space time interval. But, as regards the number and age, students of 3rd year and older witness fewer episodes of aggression (p <0.05). This study may contribute to help parents, educators, students, health professionals and managers in facing this problem in search of an acting education with effective public policies.
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