The systematic dispossession and disempowerment of black people has historically defined South Africa. In response, an equally systematic approach is required to eradicate memories of the past through deliberate and purposeful legislation that reaches across the breadth and width of our nation. One of the driving forces within our nation is the private sector and for this study, the mining industry and the peripheral industries to it were targeted. Against the backdrop of the past, a new future that embraces all South Africans must emerge. Hence, this study investigates the efforts made by suppliers to the mining industry in sincerely incorporating Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) into the very design of their organizations The research methodology used was a survey. The population of this study is suppliers to the mining industry situated in Gauteng. A cross-sectional sample was randomly chosen and a short questionnaire e-mailed to participants. The findings prove many organizations are still at a loss on how to embrace BBBEE and are often confused on implementation. Although strategies are in place, there is very little coordinated effort to execute these strategies in a planned and controlled manner. There appears to be significant misfit between policy and practice. Some recommendations in this paper address the importance of BBBEE being made a defining core value of the organization. Another salient recommendation was for organizations to have enhanced operational execution of strategic policies to realize the desired impact. These key findings will not materialize without dedicated leadership to create meaning throughout the organization on the magnitude of BBBEE to South African, both politically and economically thereby co-creating value for shareholders. In closing, the words of famous Greek philosopher and scientist Aristotle seem most appropriate for all South African with regards to BBBEE. 'We do not act rightly because we have virtue or excellence, but we rather have those because we have acted rightly.' (Valuebasedquotes: 2005) / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

A review of research specific to the active participation of mental health consumers in mental health research indicates that consumers have little input into mental health services program development or evaluation. Participatory action research, which is strengths-based and action-oriented, offers a process through which people utilizing mental health services and social work researchers can work together to develop evaluation and assessment tools that are both more relevant to program outcomes and empowering to the people whose progress they measure. Congruent with basic social work values of empowerment and social justice, participatory research assists in breaking down long-standing power imbalances between consumers and workers / researchers in the field of mental health. The primary intervention involved the practicum student working collaboratively with a group of mental health consumers to design and complete a research project, where the topic was chosen by the consumer researchers. The student prepared educational sessions so that knowledge of the research process was transferred to the consumer researchers. The consumer researchers progressed through each phase of the project, ultimately completing the project and publishing the research findings. The practicum student learned how to facilitate a participatory action research project, as well as learning the skills associated with working with self-help organizations and their members. Learning goals included increased proficiency in project management skills, research management skills, and research team coordination. Facilitation of a participatory action research project differs from others in its emphasis on shared decision-making and ongoing examination of power relationships. The student’s progress was evaluated by using the following methods: a student supervision form, a post-intervention interview with organizational representatives, and the student’s progress journal. Findings indicated growth in the areas of project management (organizational and facilitation skills), research management (teaching research methodology), and research team coordination (support and accommodation). Areas of continued possible growth were also identified. The practicum intervention was evaluated by using the following methods: A Consumer Constructed Empowerment Scale (CCES) was used to measure pre and post-test indicators of consumer researchers’ empowerment (quantitative), consumer skill logbooks, post-intervention interviews with consumer researchers, and post-intervention interviews with organizational representatives. Empowerment was measured at the individual, group, and organizational levels. Qualitative findings indicated increased perceptions of empowerment at all levels. Findings from the CCES indicated positive trends toward empowerment in one subscale, minimal change in four subscales, and a significant change in the overall empowerment score.

Backround: Many studies indicate that people with mental illness often suffer from physical illness. Many people with mental illness do not exercise even though they often have knowledge about the benefits of physical activity. Studies suggest that psychiatric patients have the desire to have an everyday life with more content. It is apparent in studies that healthcare professionals believe that it is the patients' own responsibility to keep themselves physically active. Aim: The primary objective with this study is to examine motivation and possible obstacles to exercise for persons with self-perceived mental illness and experience of psychiatric care. The secondary objective is to investigate how psychiatric care may be of importance to people with mental illness when it comes to exercise. Methods: Semi-structured interviews. A qualitative content analysis was used. Results: The results were presented in five categories; exercise as self-care, to make your day meaningful, not knowing your limits, mental illness and inactivity, how health care motivates exercise. Some of the categories contained subcategories. Discussions: The results of the study were discussed by Dorothea Orem´s self-care theory. People with mental illness may have difficulty with motivation and lack of initiative related to their illness, and by that unable to cope without the support to exercise or perform physical activity. The nurse may have a very important role to compensate for what is lacking in the patient´s knowledge and ability. The author believes that psychiatric care should implement exercise as part of treatment.

Solution-focused therapy is a postmodern strength-based counselling intervention which focuses on the discovery of client strengths, resources and abilities to empower clients to bring about positive change in their lives. My research employed a pragmatic case study (PCS) method to systematically study the self-efficacy experiences of four New Zealand adolescents throughout the solution-focused process. Each client participated in up to five counselling sessions. Following the PCS method my study began with a presentation of my guiding conception which detailed my theoretical approach and the ways in which solution-focused skills and techniques would be applied throughout the study. Case data included analysis of all client counselling sessions and final interviews which were video-recorded, as well as the consideration of a quantitative measurement in the form of the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS). Through analysis of outcome results and using three inductively derived themes to guide cross-case analysis, it was found that the solution-focused counselling process, assisted adolescents in discovering and developing their knowledge and awareness of their personal strengths and resources; encouraged adolescents to feel empowered to act upon these resources, therefore enhancing self-efficacy; and used the quality of the therapeutic relationship to give adolescents a sense of being a co-participator in the counselling process and as a result gave adolescents a ‘boost’ towards taking action, therefore increasing self-efficacy. Process and thematic results, supported by a brief quantitative measure, showed that all four clients made significant progress towards achieving their goals for counselling. Overall the results suggest that the solution-focused process contributed to positive therapeutic outcome and gains in self-efficacy. All four clients demonstrated the confidence to take action to bring about positive change in relation to their counselling goals, supporting enhanced self-efficacy.

Women’s subordination in marital relations is a problematic issue causing socio-economic imbalance between spouses. These issues are found within the system of Uganda’s patriarchal society. Mobile money (m-money) is a service that entered the Ugandan market in 2009 that allows transferring and withdrawing money and paying bills with your cellphone without being connected to a formal bank. Earlier research shows positive impact of m-money use for women’s entrepreneurship in a male-privileged society. These realities render interest towards investigating how m-money effects women and if it has any impact on their self esteem in their marital relation. The study aims to understand the effect of women’s use of m-money in a marital relation. The field study was carried out in Mbarara using interviews and observations to approach the issue. Ugandan women have a lower position within the marital relation as well as in society in general since it is the man who heads of the family. The study reveals an existing lack of trust between spouses, resulting in the exclusion of one another from their individual finances. This lack of trust becomes an impediment of mutual support within the marriage. Furthermore the study shows that women from a higher strata use m-money as a security line of income and gives leeway to meet both traditional expectations such as care taking of children and modern expectations to be employed within the formal sector. The lower strata of women who use m-money tend to protect the money from their husbands who have different priorities than their wives. Through m-money women are given a tool allowing them to circumvent economic confrontations between the spouses and the societal hierarchal structures. The economic security creates a reality where women are less vulnerable because of their independence. The gained independence can however be deemed as a less bad alternative to dependence as it gives them a stronger foundation to manage the combination of the above-mentioned traditional and modern expectations within society.

Background: Empowerment is a leadership style where the leader gives away power and therefore provides freedom to the follower to successfully do what they want to do instead of what the leader want them to do (Whetten & Cameron, 2014). It is said that leader often fail when they have the incapability to motivate and manage their followers.   Purpose: This thesis tend to examine what motives followers in order to locate if empowerment is a potential leadership style that can increase follower’s dedication and contribution within their workplace. . Method: This research contains of a qualitative study with direct questions with an influence of open ended questions in order to capture the respondent’s personal opinions. The authors uses an abductive reasoning with an interpretivism philosophy as well with an exploratory approach.   Conclusion: The author’s conclusion is that the respondents of the research were not aware of the leadership style empowerment. However, all respondents had a positive attitude to the description of empowerment. This could show an indication that there is always a search for new leadership styles and empowerment is a style that could help followers to improve their contribution and dedication at their workplace.

Abstract ______________________________________________________________________ Title: A study about creating understanding for different kinds of empowerment Level: Bachelors thesis in Business Administration, 15 credits Author: Fredrik Legovic Supervisor: Tomas Källquist Date: 2014 - June Aim: The main purpose of this study is to increase the understanding for different kinds of empowerment and how it affects the staff in the public sector. Method: The choice of method was based on the research aim. The method used to meet the objective was qualitative. The qualitative study was conducted with a hermeneutic basis, where individuals were asked to describe their experience of empowerment and how they feel affected of it. This thesis has a deductive approach, where existing theories dealing empowerment formed the basis for the design of interview substrate, which is then paired with the empirical evidence, based on this the conclusions was drawn. Result & Conclusion: What separates the different kinds of empowerment and how it affect the staff depends most of all on how the management chooses to communicate and share information with their staff. Suggestions for future research: A study regarding managers that works with different kinds of empowerment, and how that affects them, could be regarded as an interesting future research. Contribution of thesis: It shows that different kinds of empowerment affect the staff in different ways, which I made clear to the readers. Keywords: empowerment, thinking skills, relations and organizational - structure and theory

Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie var att beskriva vilka faktorer som kan påverka patientens delaktighet i sin omvårdnad ur ett patientperspektiv. Syftet var även att beskriva de valda artiklarnas urvalsmetod.  Metod: Litteraturstudien har en deskriptiv design. Elva artiklar användes varav nio artiklar med kvalitativ ansats, en artikel med kvantitativ ansats och en artikel med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Resultatet visade att det finns flera faktorer som påverkar patientens möjlighet till delaktighet i sin omvårdnad. Faktorer så som information, patientens delaktighet vid beslutsfattande samt bemötande påverkar patientens möjlighet till delaktighet i omvårdnaden.   Slutsats: Information var viktig för patientdelaktighet i sin omvårdnad. Gällande patientens delaktighet i beslutsfattande fanns delade meningar, samt att ett bra bemötande från vårdpersonalen främjade patientens delaktighet i omvårdnaden. Ökad kunskap hos sjuksköterskor om faktorer som kan främja patientens delaktighet behövs för att förbättra omvårdnaden.

This study was carried out in order to get an understanding on how the victims of human trafficking are taken care of in the EU and if the union’s ambition open up for the victim’s empowerment and thereafter also decreases the risk of the survivors to be utilized again in the same or different way. The idea derives from EU’s focus on establishing minimum standards that shall protect and support victims of human trafficking. Through a thematic text analysis where John Friedmann’s disempowerment model was applied, the ambition was to answer the research questions how does the EU work in order to protect and support the victims of human trafficking and does this effort open up for the possibility of the victims to take control over their own lives and livelihood; i.e. being empowered. The result shows that EU’s work to protect and support victims of human trafficking open up for the possibility for the victims to take control over their lives – but that there needs to be similar studies of other actors and agencies in order to see if the work is comprehensive enough and supplements what EU can do.

This study aims to establish the knowledge and learning needs of parents with toddlers in order to formulate guidelines for a pro-active parental support programme. The topic represents a response to the need for information and skills expressed by numerous parents in the researcher's private practice. Contemporary parents continue to be confronted by the significance of the responsibility of parenthood. They also continue to experience learning deficiencies regarding their role as parents in spite of living in an age of information and technology. Intervention research was undertaken. The principal findings of this investigation were the following: parents participating in this investigation expressed the need for guidance that take into account two specific factors, namely that the program should be based on a Christian perspective and that the guidance should take the specific developmental phase of the child into consideration - the toddler phase in this case. Themes were also identified that these parents would like to see included in such a programme. These were: discipline, developmental phase, moral values and character development, emotional needs of toddlers, parental involvement in children's play, the uniqueness of every child, conflict management and communication, parental style, children and marriage, and aspects in the adult's world with a negative impact upon parental status. These themes were used as guidelines to compile a prototype parental support programme. This program was subjected to a pilot study involving three separate groups of parents. Guidelines were continuously evaluated and adapted where necessary. A final global evaluation confirmed the suitability of the program for further development and testing. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.