La distribution des aides directes de la PAC bénéficie-t-elle aux exploitations agricoles les plus favorables à l’environnement ? Suite à un état de l’art sur les méthodes d’évaluation environnementales existantes, le développement d’une méthode originale a permis de classer des exploitations agricoles du RICA en fonction de leurs effets sur l'environnement à partir d’une série d’indicateurs agro-environnementaux. Ces classes ont ensuite été mises en relation avec les montants d'aides perçus à l’hectare. Les résultats sont traités pour 3 OTEX (céréales et oléo-protéagineux, bovins lait, bovins viande). Associée à un examen approfondi des réformes de la PAC depuis 1992, cette étude empirique permet de prendre du recul sur les conséquences des décisions politiques. Il apparait que si les aides du 2nd pilier sont orientées en faveur des exploitations les plus favorables à l’environnement, leur poids reste trop faible par rapport aux aides du 1er pilier, dont les paiements par hectare sont plus élevés dans les exploitations moins vertueuses. Ceci est lié en grande partie au poids des DPU dans les paiements directs, et au choix français de baser leur calcul par rapport à l’historique de l’exploitation. C’est pourquoi les simulations de la redistribution des aides du 1er pilier à horizon 2019 montrent que le rééquilibrage de ces aides entre les exploitations par une harmonisation nationale contribuera à niveler les écarts de paiements directs du 1er pilier par hectare entre les exploitations. La comparaison avec le Royaume-Uni et l’Allemagne montre les effets de la subsidiarité, notamment lors du découplage : l’harmonisation des paiements découplés en permet aux exploitations les plus favorables à l’environnement de toucher des paiements directs par hectare plus élevés. / Does the CAP direct payment distribution benefit to the most environmentally friendly farms? Following an environmental assessment state of the art, a set of environmental indicators has been created to rank farms on their potential environmental impacts using FADN datas. Then, these classes have been connected with the amounts of direct payments received. Results are processed on three types of farm (specialized in cereals and oilseeds, meat cows and milk cows). Associated with a comprehensive study of the reforms of the CAP since 1992, this empirical study allows to stand back on the consequences of the political decisions. It seems that if the 2nd pillar direct payments are directed in favour of the more environmental friendly farms, their weight remains too low compared with the aids of the 1st pillar, which are higher in the less virtuous farms. This is largely connected to the weight of the DPU in the direct payments, and to the French choice to base their calculation with regard to the history of the farm. That is why the simulations of the redistribution of the subsidies of the 1st pillar on horizon 2019 show that the rebalancing of these payments between the farms by a national harmonization will contribute to level the gap of 1st pillar direct payments by hectare between french farms. The comparison with the United Kingdom and Germany shows the effects of the subsidiarity, in particular during the decoupling: the harmonization of the decoupled payments allows the most environmental friendly farms to get higher direct payments per hectare.

Esta dissertação procura contribuir para literatura empírica sobre crescimento econômico restrito pelo balanço de pagamentos através da investigação de como a mudança estrutural, identificada como alterações na composição setorial das exportações e importações, afeta a intensidade da restrição externa. Para tanto, são realizados dois exercícios empíricos. O primeiro fornece evidências para a validade da Lei de Thirlwall Multissetorial para um conjunto de 90 países no período 1965-1999, baseando-se na análise do erro de previsão e do desvio médio absoluto, assim como na aplicação de um teste de regressão. No segundo, apresentam-se evidências de que o crescimento econômico brasileiro no período 1962-2006 foi compatível tanto com a Lei de Thirlwall quanto com a Lei de Thirlwall Multissetorial. As implicações da Lei de Thirlwall Multissetorial foram utilizadas, então, para explorar a relação entre estrutura produtiva, mudança estrutural e restrição externa por meio da análise da evolução das elasticidades-renda ponderadas das exportações e importações. Dadas a natureza setorial deste exercício empírico e sua possível conexão com a literatura historiográfica sobre o II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (1974-1979), os resultados do trabalho foram utilizados para avaliar a contribuição dos setores para a evolução das elasticidades-renda ponderadas das exportações e importações, subsidiando, assim, o debate existente acerca do ajustamento externo promovido entre 1974 e 1984. Os resultados sugerem que a interpretação de Castro (1985), mesmo quando avaliada sob uma métrica diferente daquela utilizada pelo autor, possui fundamento empírico. Porém, faz-se necessário ressaltar a qualificação de Fishlow (1986) de que a melhoria verificada na balança comercial nos anos 1983-1984 decorre em maior medida do comportamento das exportações do que das importações. / This dissertation aims to contribute to the empirical literature on balance-of-payments-constrained growth by investigating how structural change, identified with change in the sectoral composition of exports and/imports, affects the extent of the external constraint. This is done by two empirical exercises. The first one presents evidence in favor of the Multi-Sectoral Thirlwall Laws validity for a sample of 90 countries in the period 1965-1999, by analyzing the mean prediction error and the mean absolute deviation, as well as applying a regression test. In the second one, the evidence show that Brazilian economic growth in the period 1962-2006 was compatible with both Thirlwalls Law and Multi-Sectoral Thirlwalls Law. Multi-Sectoral Thirlwalls Law implications were, then, utilized to explore the relationship between productive structure, structural change and external constraint by analyzing the evolution of weighted income elasticities of exports and imports. Given the sectoral nature of this empirical exercise and its possible connection with the historical literature about the II National Development Plan (1974-1979), the results were used to evaluate the sectors contribution to the evolution of weighted income elasticities of exports and imports during the period. These findings provide additional support to the existing debate about the external adjustment promoted between 1974 and 1984. The results suggest that Castros (1985) interpretation has empirical support, even when evaluated using a different metric than the one used by the author. However, it is necessary to highlight Fishlows (1986) insight that the improvement verified in the trade balance in the years 1983-1984 came out to greater extent from exports behavior rather than from imports behavior.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-18T16:44:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renatoafonsorezende.pdf: 367345 bytes, checksum: 53414b1b34c671356fd736067bb22108 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T13:33:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renatoafonsorezende.pdf: 367345 bytes, checksum: 53414b1b34c671356fd736067bb22108 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T13:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renatoafonsorezende.pdf: 367345 bytes, checksum: 53414b1b34c671356fd736067bb22108 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-16 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho é direcionado a professores de matemática da educação básica, com o intuito de ampliar o estudo da matemática financeira no ensino médio sem que tenhamos que aumentar o conteúdo já tão extenso do currículo mínimo, para isso devemos mostrar aos nossos alunos que através dos estudos de funções e das progressões aritmética e geométrica podemos resolver inúmeros problemas de matemática financeira, mostrando assim uma aplicação desses conteúdos em algo que certamente fará parte do dia a dia da vida de nossos discentes. Ao terminar a leitura desta obra, o leitor deverá ser capaz de realizar decisões sobre uma compra à vista ou a prazo e se é compensatório realizar ou não antecipações de parcelas de um financiamento, diferenciar taxas proporcionais e equivalentes entre outras coisas. Ao final deste trabalho serão apresentados alguns exercícios para que sejam resolvidos utilizando os conceitos previamente descritos no texto. / This work is aimed at mathematics teachers of basic education, in order to extend the study of financial mathematics in high school with no increase in the content already so extensive of the minimum curriculum, for this, we must show our students through studies that the arithmetic and geometric progressions can solve numerous problems of ?nancial mathematics, thus showing an application of this content into something that will make part of the daily life of our students. When finishing reading this work, the reader should be able to make decisions about a purchase in cash or term and whether or not perform compensatory anticipations of portions of a financing, differentiate equivalent and proportional rates, among other things. At the end of this paper, some exercises will be presented to be solved using the concepts previously described in the text.

Orientador: Daniela Magalhães Prates / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:23:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sampaio_AdrianoVilela_D.pdf: 2098495 bytes, checksum: 97b2e5dd41a4628246438bde25c4a9e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Após a crise financeira global de 2008 muito se falou de reformas no sistema monetário internacional (SMI) como resultado das instabilidades ocorridas e da estagnação que se seguiu. Além disso, o acelerado crescimento experimentado pelos países periféricos no período anterior à crise em relação às economias centrais e a maior resiliência dos primeiros à crise de 2008 fez com que aumentasse o interesse pelo papel que estes poderiam desempenhar em tais mudanças. Esta tese busca analisar as duas questões levantadas acima, quais sejam, mudanças no SMI e o protagonismo dos países periféricos. O objetivo central é a análise das mudanças do SMI desde o fim da década de 1990 em função das estratégias defensivas adotadas pelos países periféricos, bem como as perspectivas de mudanças futuras. A hipótese que se busca verificar é se apesar da heterogeneidade existente entre eles, é possível identificar elementos comuns nas estratégias adotadas desde a década de 1990. Tais elementos indicariam a necessidade de buscar uma integração mais segura ao SMI e a busca por um sistema que os tornem menos suscetíveis a crises financeiras, que ampliem sua autonomia de política econômica e que tornem as condicionalidades das instituições internacionais menos restritivas / Abstract: After the 2008 global financial crises voices were raised to claim for reforms on the international monetary system (IMS) as a result of the instabilities and stagnation that followed. Moreover, the good economic performance of the peripheral countries in the period previous to the crisis in relation to the central countries and the resilience of the former to the 2008 crisis brought the interest of many researchers on the role these countries could play in such changes. This thesis deals with the two mentioned questions: changes on the IMS and the role of peripheral countries. The main objective is the analysis of the changes on the IMS since the end of the decade of 1990 in light of the defensive strategies adopted by peripheral countries, as well as the perspectives of further changes. The hypothesis is that despite the heterogeneity existing among them, it is possible to identify common elements on the adopted strategies since the 1990 decade. Such elements suggest the necessity of pursuing a more cautions integration to the IMS and the search for a system that could make them less vulnerable to financial crises, increases their autonomy of political economy and with international institutions that impose less restrictive policies / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Orientador: Mariano Francisco Laplane / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T09:04:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_RafaelSauloMarques_M.pdf: 2090780 bytes, checksum: bb0b009c8327633b357913b68da55ea1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este trabalho busca contribuir para a literatura teórica sobre crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico dentro da escola de pensamento keynesiana/kaldoriana por meio de uma estrutura analítica que procura reconciliar ambos os modelos, tanto o de crescimento liderado pelas exportações (Dixon & Thirlwall, 1975) quanto o de crescimento restringido pelo balanço de pagamentos (Thirlwall, 1979) em uma especificação matemática mais geral. Feito isso, partindo do modelo revisitado, faremos algumas considerações acerca do papel da taxa de câmbio como ferramenta de política macroeconômica por meio de simulações como experimento teórico / Abstract: This work attempts to contribute theoretically to the literature on growth and development within the Keynesian-Kaldorian school of thought by providing an analytical framework that seeks to reconciliate both the export-led (Dixon & Thirlwall, 1975) and the balance-of-payments constrained growth (Thirlwall, 1979) models into a further general mathematical specification. Provided the revisited model, we will assess the role played by the exchange rate as a macroeconomic policy tool by using computational simulation as a theoretical experiment / Mestrado / Ciências Economicas / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

This master's thesis is concerned with an issue of the crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments under s. 196 of the Criminal Code. Next to this primary provision is this issue included in the next following provisions of the Criminal Code, namely under s. 196a of the Criminal Code, regulating still relatively new provision of punishment, and under s. 197 of Criminal Code, special provision relating to Effective Repetance. The main aim of this thesis is a comprehensive explanation of all aspects of this crime, increased attention has been paid to potential decriminalization or partial legal regulation of this crime into the future. Purpose of the crime of Evasion of Alimony Payments is interest of the society of proper fulfilment of the statutory duty to maintain subsistence between the family members. With the reference to appearing of this crime entirely in connection with evasion of the statutory duty to maintain subsistence toward the childern, emphasis was put on this part of issue during the writing this thesis. This master's thesis is divided into 12 chapters, introduction and conclusion. Special attention is given to the essential aspects and decription of this crime, hist short analysis of the criminological aspects and historical evalution of this crime in the first three chapters of the...

Magister Legum - LLM / This paper is inspired by the ills borne out of the internet. The internet has become a modern day tool for criminals seeking to conceal the proceeds derived from their crime, hence the problematic notion of cyberlaundering. This paper journeys through the world of cyberlaundering by looking into the structure of the crime in great depth. It explores various possibilities, and tries to hatch out viable solutions to the dilemma. / South Africa

This thesis focuses on exchange rates dynamics in Mexico, Turkey and South Korea. We examine the capital flow development in mentioned countries and currency dynamics of the Mexican Peso, Turkish Lira and Korean Won. The main goal of the paper is to evaluate the performance of these currencies in risk-on and risk-off episodes on a sample period from 1997 until 2016. We use analysis and comparison as a methodology for this paper, emphasizing on the relationship and causality between capital flow and exchange rates. We shall reveal that the examined currencies depreciate in risk-off periods and only the Korean Won appreciates in risk-on periods.

Migrant labourers who cross borders often have to send money back to their various countries of origin. These monetary transfers are known as remittances. To send these funds migrants often opt to rely on informal mechanisms as opposed to the remittance services of formal financial institutions such as banks. Informal remittance mechanisms raise a number of concerns such as those related to consumer protection. In contrast to formal channels informal channels are not based on any legally binding agreements. They are highly based on trust and do not offer any legally binding guarantee that the funds will be delivered or that the remitter will be reimbursed in the event of non-delivery. Aside from consumer protection concerns, informal remittances also raise security related concerns. These channels are not subject to the supervision of any regulatory authority and usually offer a high level of anonymity. They can act as an attractive mechanism for terrorists and criminal organisations to launder and mobilise their illicit funds. Taking into mind the concerns mentioned above, as well as others, it would be preferable for more remittances to be channelled through formal financial mechanisms. In conducting research on remittance transactions financial, as well as other institutions and organisations, have outlined legal and regulatory provisions in sending and recipient countries as being a factor that often hinders migrants from accessing formal financial services. This dissertation examines how the South African legal and regulatory framework affects the formalisation of remittances by migrant labourers, with a focus on the context of low-income migrants. The study identifies the Exchange control, immigration, anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism legislative provisions as being the most significant provisions that affect the formalisation of migrant remittances. So as to make an analysis and gather recommendations were possible, a comparison of the South African legal and regulatory provisions is made to those of Zambia and Zimbabwe. xiii The dissertation comes to the conclusion that South African legal and regulatory provisions hinder the formalisation of migrant remittances to a certain extent. They do so by collectively and individually restricting migrants who do not fulfil legislative requisites from accessing formal remittance channels. It is submitted that such migrants are inclined to rely on informal remittance mechanisms when the need to send money arises. Furthermore, South African law restricts competition within the remittance market by making it difficult for service providers to enter the market. The lack of an adequate competitive level fosters the prevalence of high remittance costs which can pose a significant barrier to low income migrants that wish to channel funds via formal means. Taking into mind the significance of formalising remittances as well as the objectives that the laws that hinder them seek to attain, which are equally significant, it is necessary for the regulatory authorities to investigate ways on how to possibly cater for both. It is submitted that if more remittances were to be channelled through official means the objectives sought to be attained by some of these legislative provisions would be attained more efficiently.

The first part of this thesis is investigating the mandatory expenditures. Mandatory expenditures represent facultative expenditures of the state budget. During ten last years significant increase in mandatory expenditures has been seen not only in absolute numbers but also in relative numbers. The proportion of mandatory expenditures in state budget and GDP has increased. Room for other expenditures is diminishing which is threatening long-term stability of public finance. The Mandatory expenditures have become essential problem of public finance. I pay attention especially to social transfer payments. Next part of this thesis is aimed at social sphere of the public finance reform in which government took up activities last year. First of all the causes of reform are analyzed. Besides mandatory expenditures there is great importance of demographic processes and state deficit too. Thesis describes particular changes in social policy and their impact on state budget.