Australia and the UK are both prominent economies in the international arena and share a strong trade and investment relationship. Interestingly, the UK while being a significant destination for Australian exports is an even more significant destination for Australian direct investment, a case anomalous to international trends. Analysis of this case elicits the question as to what factors differentiate between the firms that export and those that FDI. It is imperative to understand the differentiating factors between exports and direct investment as market entry decisions are decisive to the success of firms in international markets. A number of theories of international market entry have developed over the last quarter century, the ownership, location, and internationalisation model (OLI) is used in this study. The importance of the variables developed in this model are identified, and assessed as to their relevance to entry of Australian firms into the UK market through FDI or Exports. Qualitative information is used to support initial quantitative profiling. Results of the investigation indicate that while some variables were at times decisive, they were not predictive at all in other situations. The full interaction of the variables in the model was therefore concluded to be essential to fully differentiate between exports and FDI in all cases.

Introduktion: Sedan ändringen i lag (2010:879) om allmännyttiga kommunala bostadsaktiebolag år 2011 ska de kommunala bostadsbolagen agera enligt affärsmässiga principer. Affärsmässiga principer innebär bland annat att avkastningen ska vara marknadsmässig för att säkerställa en stark och neutral konkurrens på bostadsmarknaden. Genom att jämföra avkastningen i kommunala bostadsbolag med privata bostadsbolag undersöker denna studie om offentligt ägande innebär en skillnad som kan snedvrida konkurrensen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra avkastningen i kommunala bostadsbolag med avkastningen i privata bostadsbolag.  Metod: Studien har en deduktiv ansats med ett eklektiskt teoretiskt angreppssätt för att formulera studiens hypotes. De kvantitativa tvärsnittsdata som studien baseras på har samlats in genom årsredovisningar och undersökts genom regressionsanalyser för att pröva studiens hypotes. Slutsats: Studiens slutsats är att kommunala bostadsbolaghar lägre avkastning än privata bostadsbolag. Analysen visar att räntabilitet på både totalt och eget kapital är signifikant lägre för kommunala bostadsbolag även när det kontrolleras för faktorerna ägarspridning, agentens agerande, storlek, bostadsmarknadens styrka, utdelningar och extern finansiering. / Introduction: Since the change in Law (2010:879) on public municipal housing companies in 2011 the municipal housing companies should now act according to commercial principals. Among other things commercial principals implies that the rate of return should be adjusted to the conditions on the housing market to ensure a strong and neutral competition. By comparing the rate of return in municipal housing companies with the rate of return in private housing companies this study examines if public ownership make a difference that can distort competition. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the rate of return in municipal housing companies with the rate of return in private housing companies. Method: The study has a deductive approach with an eclectic theoretical perspective to formulate the hypothesis. The quantitative cross-sectional data have been gathered through annual reports and then examined in regression analyzes to test the hypothesis. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that municipal housing companies do have a lower rate of return than private housing companies. The analyzes show that both return on assets and return on equity is significantly lower for municipal housing companies even when controlled for concentration of ownership, agent behavior, size, the strength in the housing market, dividends and external financing.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T19:01:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lmarcenes.pdf: 442663 bytes, checksum: 55ad83f1453e6545fe10a3fce5113f63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / With the improvement of the international trade on the last decades, the Brazilian firms are searching to operate beyond the national borders in order to guarantee its presence on the key markets. The dissertation aimed to analyze the motivations and the strategies of internationalization implemented by the firms: Petrobras, Vale, Embraer, Gerdau and Marcopolo as well as determine the existence of a dominant strategy. In order to do that, Dunning¿s eclectic paradigm and the strategies of internationalization supported by him were revised along with the main literature from Brazilian authors on the internationalization process of the selected firms. The comparative analysis between the strategies of internationalization selected and the industrial sector, origin of capital and the preferred mode of entrance on the markets were done through an exploratory research, with a qualitative character and collection of secondary data from the internationalization process of the firms. At the end of this research, it was possible to identify that each firm had adopted a predominant strategy however it was also possible to observe that new strategies were aggregated in complementation of the previous one. Besides that, no evidence was found between the predominant strategy of internationalization and the origin of the capital neither with the preferred mode of entrance. / Com o incremento do comércio mundial nas últimas décadas, percebe-se que as empresas brasileiras têm buscado atuar além da fronteira nacional garantindo presença nos mercadoschave. Este estudo objetivou analisar as motivações e as estratégias de internacionalização adotadas pelas empresas Petrobras, Vale, Embraer, Gerdau e Marcopolo e determinar se existe modelo de estratégia dominante. Para isso, foi revisada a abordagem teórica do paradigma eclético de Dunning e as estratégias de internacionalização defendidas por este autor, assim como os estudos já elaborados sobre as empresas pesquisadas por autores brasileiros. A análise comparativa entre as estratégias de internacionalização adotada e o setor de atividade, origem do capital e modo de entrada nos mercados foi feita a partir de uma pesquisa exploratória, de cunho qualitativo, com coleta de dados secundários do processo de internacionalização dessas empresas. Ao final desta pesquisa foi possível apontar que cada empresa adotou uma estratégia de internacionalização predominante, contudo pode-se observar que novas estratégias foram sendo agregadas em complementação às anteriores. Além disso, não ficou evidente existir relação entre a estratégia de internacionalização adotada e a origem do capital ou ao modo preferencial de entrada nos mercados.

ANDRADE FILHO, João Batista. Juvenal Galeno e suas canções populares: reflexo do propósito educacional romântico sob os auspícios do espiritualismo eclético (1836 – 1889). 2016. 220f. - Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-01-26T11:16:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_jbandradefilho.pdf: 7823619 bytes, checksum: 89aec16a4acda87a4f523f4c7740215a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-30T12:36:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_jbandradefilho.pdf: 7823619 bytes, checksum: 89aec16a4acda87a4f523f4c7740215a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-30T12:36:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_jbandradefilho.pdf: 7823619 bytes, checksum: 89aec16a4acda87a4f523f4c7740215a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Anxieties for making Brazil a nation have boosted the formation of intellectualized middle sectors capable of conducting the human formative ideal necessary for the so - called Brazilian civilizational project in the nineteenth century. The Brazilian histori ography records, for the period, several cases and actions of intellectuals and groups, which go well with what can be called an intellectual exercise as a political attitude. But there are cases in which the intellectual exercise was also an eminently edu cational attitude, given that the ideal of nationality pursued was imprinted by the civilizational codes only achievable by the formative processes, being these the press or the school. It should be noted that the period we are dealing with, here delimited from the ends of the Regency, registers several opposing forces. Among those based on the new ideas whose nuances were in the Illustration, we emphasize the romantic side strongly influenced by the Eclectic Spiritualism, French philosophical current estab lished by Victor Cousin. Brazilian romantic intellectuals, advocating the defense of Cousin's ideas, were able to establish a debate with traditionalism, alleging the need to construct the homeland, from the institution of its education, its culture, inclu ding literature, notably poetry, and, above all, , Of its history. It can be said, therefore, that some of these intellectuals delegated to themselves a social and pedagogical mission because in the said project of country they had a clear understanding of the forging of the new man with a new mentality, unraveled from the colonialist mentality. They developed, therefore, the figure of the intellectual educator well characterized like writer of mission. Many were the intellectuals and their defenses, howeve r, it is known that the ideal of romantic education, based on Eclectic Spiritualism, was part of the tonic and desires of all who launched this mission. The poet and folklorist Juvenal Galeno, with his literature, in the form of popular songs, is very well characterized as the intellectual who shared this mentality and who, therefore, made of literature its educative mission. / Anseios por fazer do Brasil uma nação impulsionaram a formação de setores médios intelectualizados capazes de conduzir o ideal formativo humano necessário ao chamado projeto civilizatório brasileiro no século XIX. A historiografia brasileira registra, para o período, diversos casos e ações de intelectuais e grupos, que coadunam bem com o que se pode chamar de exercício intelectual como atitude política. Mas, há casos em que o exercício intelectual configurava-se também como atitude eminentemente educativa, dado que o ideal de nacionalidade perseguido era impresso pelos códigos civilizatórios somente alcançáveis pelos processos formativos, sendo estes a imprensa ou a escola. Notemos que o período do qual tratamos, aqui delimitado a partir de fins da Regência, registra diversas forças que se contrapunham. Dentre aquelas pautadas nas novas ideias cujos matizes se encontravam na Ilustração, ressaltamos a vertente romântica fortemente influenciada pelo Espiritualismo Eclético, corrente filosófica francesa estabelecida por Victor Cousin. Intelectuais românticos brasileiros, advogando a defesa das ideias cousinianas puderam estabelecer um debate com o tradicionalismo alegando a necessidade de construção da Pátria, a partir da instituição de sua educação, sua cultura, incluindo-se aí a literatura, notadamente a poesia, e, principalmente, de sua história. Pode-se dizer, portanto, que alguns desses intelectuais delegaram a si mesmos uma missão social e pedagógica porque, no referido projeto de pátria, tinham nítida a compreensão da necessidade de forja do novo homem com uma nova mentalidade, desenredada da mentalidade colonialista. Desenvolveram, portanto, a figura do intelectual educador bem caracterizado como escritor de missão. Diversos foram os intelectuais e suas defesas, porém, sabe-se que o ideal de educação romântica, pautada no Espiritualismo Eclético, fez parte da tônica e dos desejos de todos que se lançaram nessa missão. O poeta e folclorista Juvenal Galeno, com sua literatura, em forma de canções populares, está muito bem caracterizado como o intelectual que compartilhou dessa mentalidade e que, portanto, fez da literatura sua missão educadora.

This study was prompted by the need the author experienced for the rethinking of many practices in music teaching and her interest in achieving transformation in individual music teaching and learning. An eclectic approach was adopted for the research. Despite much existing ‘fuzzy’ terminology, ‘broader’ or ‘less fixed’ meanings were sought of terms including Holism, intelligence, learning, Modernism, perception, personality, Postmodernism, teaching, temperament and whole-brain learning. The reader is presented with a palette of ideas, open for further exploration, in order to stimulate creativity and different viewpoints in music teaching and learning. The study has a student-centred approach, taking into account different types of learners and how to adapt teaching styles to connect with students in their learning environment. Challenges teachers may encounter are how the meanings of many terms relate with music teaching practice, themselves and their pupils. The research explores the interaction and relation of terms with one another in order to reconsider and expand teaching methods. Inter, intra and multidisciplinary aspects of teaching are touched upon as being valuable in cutting across several traditional fields of study and also referring to knowledge seen as a coherent whole within one subject area. Experiences of ‘flow’ and transformative learning are explored in order to challenge students’ and teachers’ ‘fixed’ thinking methods. The whole-brain model is considered where the brain is seen in four quadrants, each quadrant displaying distinctive strengths of value in music teaching. The importance of Emotional Intelligence in developing other intelligences is investigated and its link with Inter and Intrapersonal Intelligences in order to equip teachers to connect effectively with pupils in a learning context. There is no “one size fits all” teaching strategy, learning style or framework that can apply to the myriad needs of individual music teachers and pupils. The research, however, demonstrates the importance for music teachers to be receptive in enlarging their thinking patterns. In so doing a path can be set for shifting focus in teaching strategies to a ‘moving forward’ ideal in perception and understanding of teaching and learning in the 21st century. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Music / unrestricted

Studien undersöker de huvudsakliga motiven bakom kinesiska företagsförvärv på den svenska marknaden. På senare tid har Kinas direktinvesteringar inom de europeiska länderna ökat, där Sverige har varit en av de huvudsakliga mottagarna. Som följd har det uppstått en oro i såväl Europa som Sverige kring vilka motiv som ligger bakom investeringarna. För att undersöka vilka de huvudsakliga motiven är har en egen analysmodell med fyra propositioner utarbetats. Analysmodellen baseras på Dunnings fyra motiv för utländska direktinvesteringar (FDI), tidigare studier om Kinas investeringsmönster samt fakta om den svenska marknadens egenskaper. För att besvara studiens forskningsfråga genomfördes fyra intervjuer. Resultatet visade att samtliga av Dunnings motiv går att applicera på kinesiska investerare vid val av investeringsmarknad, men där vissa motiv är mer vanligt förekommande. Studien tyder även på den kinesiska statens starka inflytande över kinesiska investerare och hur det kan överträffa individuella motiv.

An examination of the compositional style illustrative of the anti-collectivist ideology as found in Edison Denisov's Quatre Pièces pour flûte et piano. Includes a short history of Denisov's formal training, history of the Soviet musical environment, an overview of his creative output, and discussion of the anti-collectivist characteristics in his works. Defines the anti-collectivist doctrine as individual reaction to the totalitarian collective of the Soviet communist state of the twentieth century. Identification of eclectic compositional techniques, and how they represent individual expression under a totalitarian regime. Listing of Denisov's works with the flute in a primary role, interviews with Aurèle Nicolet and Ekaterina Denisov, correspondence from Denisov to Nicolet, and the manuscript score to Quatre Pièces pour flûte et piano follow as appendices.

This research is premised on Armstrong's (1990:7) argument that „every interpretive approach reveals something only by disguising something else, which a competing method with a different assumption might disclose.‟ This statement indicates that preference or marginalisation of some literary theories impedes progress in African-language literary criticism because different literary theories tend to focus on one or a few selected aspects of a work art. This flows from the assumption that no literary theory can unearth all aspects and meanings of a literary text. This research comes against rigidity, conservatism and narrow-mindedness of those literary critics and scholars who refuse to open up and embrace literary theories which they are opposed to. The research is an attempt to demonstrate the benefit of flexibility and ability to accommodate even those opposing literary views that can make positive contribution in the field of African-language literary criticism. The research further calls for pragmatism, tolerance and co-existence of opposing literary views for the benefit of progress in the field of African-language literary criticism. This research is an acknowledgement of the fact that no literary theory is infallible because all literary theories have their own strong and weak points. In this research, a survey of literary approaches commonly applied in African-language criticism is conducted. This is followed by an analysis of a Tshivenḓa novel (i.e. A si ene) from different literary angles to prove that every literary theory can help to unmask a particular meaning of a literary text which no any other literary theory can do. For example, the intrinsic literary approaches will, most certainly, unlock the meaning of a literary text differently from the way the extrinsic literary theories do because diverse literary approaches focus on different aspects or elements of a work of art. This research is an endorsement of the argument that through multiple-reading of a literary text, readers‟ understanding of the same literary text is broadened and deepened. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil (African Languages)

O objeto principal desta tese se constitui a partir da apresentação e da análise dos projetos residenciais elaborados pelo arquiteto Eduardo Kneese de Mello (1906-1994) ao longo de sua carreira na cidade de São Paulo. Para compreender as principais características de suas obras, julgou-se necessário investigar sua formação com base nos dois principais cursos de Arquitetura oferecidos nesta cidade - Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo e Escola de Engenharia do Mackenzie College - durante as primeiras décadas do século XX. Busca-se, dessa maneira, a possibilidade de comprovar uma das premissas desta pesquisa, na qual se crê que a primeira etapa da trajetória profissional de Kneese de Mello está relacionada aos aprendizados advindos de sua formação universitária. O desenvolvimento do trabalho, como se verá, revelou que muitos destes conhecimentos e modos de conceber permaneceram em sua obra mesmo depois de sua propalada conversão aos preceitos do Movimento Moderno. Apresentamos e analisamos, portanto, uma série de residências projetadas pelo arquiteto. A maior parte da produção analisada (39 projetos dos 45 selecionados para o estudo de casos) está vinculada ao Ecletismo tardio dos anos de 1930 e 1940, quando as famílias paulistanas de maior poder aquisitivo apreciavam a reprodução de padrões estilísticos, por compreendê-los como sinônimos de progresso e status social e por expressarem uma identificação social com os hábitos das metrópoles europeias e, posteriormente, com os padrões e modos de morar estadunidenses. Os outros seis projetos representam a segunda etapa de sua trajetória profissional e se relacionam diretamente aos princípios da Arquitetura Moderna. Por fim, procura-se, pelo percurso realizado no estudo das obras do arquiteto, compreender como ocorreu o período de transição apontando algumas das convergências e analogias, semelhanças e discrepâncias, inovações e continuidades nas formas do arquiteto conceber a arquitetura. / The major purpose of this thesis has originated from the presentation and assessment of the residential designs of Architect Eduardo Kneese de Mello (1906-1994) along his career in the city of São Paulo. In order to understand the main features of his work, we deemed necessary to explore his academic background based on the two major Architecture courses existing in this city - Polytechnic School of the University of Sao Paulo - (Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo) and School of Engineering of Mackenzie University (Escola de Engenharia da Universidade Mackenzie) - during the two first decades of the 20th century. We did this trying to reach the possibility to evidence one of the premises of this survey, that is based on the fact that the first stage of the professional path of Kneese de Mello is related to the learning obtained from his university studies. The development of the work, as may be seen, has revealed that many of such knowledge and means of creating have remained in his work even after his well-known conversion to the precepts of the Modern Movement. We do then present and assess a series of residences designed by the Architect. Most of the production assessed (39 designs out of the 45 selected for the case studies) is linked to the late Eclecticism of the 1930s and 1940s, when wealthier families from Sao Paulo liked the reproduction of stylistic standards, seeing them as a synonym of progress and social status and for the fact that they express a social identification with the lifestyle of European metropolis and further, with American standards and way of life. The other six designs represent a second stage of his professional path and are related directly to the foundations of the Modern Architecture. Ultimately, we search for the path taken in the survey of the work of the Architect, to understand how the transition period took place, pointing out some convergence and analogies, similarities and discrepancies, innovation and continuity in the ways the Architect conceived Architecture.

眾所周知，區域性的經濟合作，已是國際經濟發展的趨勢。本研究即以歐 體金融統合此一環境的變遷，探討商業銀行在其海外市場進入目標之指引 下，權衡所有權因素及區位因素，以決定其歐體的進入策略──包括進入 方式、組織型態及經營的業務，並輔以臺灣銀行業之個案，藉此瞭解實務 界的作法。歐體金融統合主要的影響是：互惠原則、單一銀行執照、母國 監管原則、綜合銀行制度以及對銀行批發與零售業務的衝擊。銀行海外市 場的進入目標可分為市場擴張、資源尋求及政治性目的；進入方式則有獨 資新設，併購及策略聯盟；組織型態主要是代表辦事處、分行、子銀行、 代理行與財團銀行等。根據個案研究結果發現，歐體金融統合加速我國銀 行業國際化，而影響進入策略的所有權因素主要為規模及多國營運的經驗 ，區位因素則為雙邊貿易及投資額、國際金融中心、申請設立難易程度。 若非形格勢禁，分行是主要的進入組織型態，所從事的業務為傳統的批發 性銀行業務。在拓展海外據點的目標上則兼具經濟性與政治性，且國際化 程度不同目標亦有差異。