Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3106.pdf: 7811054 bytes, checksum: 6bee0798558607e3c222ef435937aa9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-22 / This study has been carried out in a rural settlement of the Agrarian Reform National Institute Wesly Manoel dos Santos, also known as Gleba Mercedes V, located in the municipal district of Sinop, Mato Grosso. It involves elements for the analysis of Human Welfare of people settled there, through three socio-environmental indicators: the Ecological Footprint, the Human Development Index and the Happiness Index. Based on the case study methodology, this research triangulates quantitative and qualitative data and it uses the following methods: 1- the Ecological Footprint Method through the variables: water consumption, power, fuel and wastes generation; 2- the Happy Planet Index Method, which relates Happiness to the Ecological Footprint, in which the program: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) has been used, in order to systematize the gathered data; and 3- Method adopted by PNUD to check the Human Development Index, through the variables of longevity, education and health. Through these collected data and the figures found for the three magnitudes: Ecological Footprint, Happiness Index and Human Development Index, we have examined the impacts brought about by the activities put into practice by the inhabitants of that community in the natural environment, life pattern of the inhabitants and their happiness, trying to assess the human welfare condition of the community dwellers, aiming to evaluate the sustainability degree of the referred settlement. Using a previously structured questionnaire we could assess the satisfaction level towards life, which is 5.62 (in a 0 to 10 scale). Based on the Happy Planet Index Method, through the relationship between the local Ecological Footprint and the satisfaction level, we have calculated the Happiness Index of 0.68 (in a 0 to 10 scale). Both the quantitative and the qualitative data have been gathered between January to December, 2008. After the analysis of the results of the Ecological Footprint: 0.433 gha/per capita and the Biocapacity: 6.34 gha/per capita, the settlement can be considered ecologically sustainable and we can say it presents a confirmed ecological superavit. / Este estudo foi realizado num assentamento do Instituto Nacional de Reforma Agrária Wesly Manoel dos Santos, conhecida como Gleba Mercedes V, localizado no município de Sinop, Mato Grosso, envolvendo elementos para análise do Bem-estar Humano dos assentados através de três indicadores socioambientais: Pegada Ecológica (PE), Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) e Índice de Felicidade (IF). Com base na metodologia de estudo de caso esta pesquisa triangula dados quantitativos e qualitativos, e vale-se dos métodos: 1) Ecological Footprint Method através das variáveis: consumo de água, energia, combustíveis e geração de resíduos; 2) Método do Índice de Planeta Feliz que relaciona a Felicidade com a Pegada Ecológica, onde usamos o programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) para sistematização dos dados coletados; e 3) Método adotado pelo PNUD para se chegar ao IDH através das variáveis de longevidade, educação e saúde. Através dos dados coletados e dos valores encontrados para as três grandezas, PE, IF e IDH, examinamos os impactos causados pelas atividades exercidas pelos habitantes da comunidade no ambiente natural, o padrão de vida de seus habitantes a Felicidade dos mesmos de forma a avaliar a condição de bem-estar humano dos moradores da comunidade . Foram levantados dados históricos, socioeconômicos e ambientais da comunidade, com o objetivo de avaliar o grau de sustentabilidade do assentamento. Através de questionário previamente estruturado foi avaliado o nível de satisfação com a vida que é de 5,62 (numa escala de 0 a 10). Com base no método do Índice de Planeta Feliz, através da relação entre a Pegada Ecológica local e do Nível de Satisfação, foi calculado o IF para os moradores da comunidade que apresenta valores de 64,8 (numa escala de 0 a 100). O IDH do assentamento é de 0,68 (numa escala de 0 a 10). Os dados quantitativos e qualitativos foram coletados entre os meses de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. Através da análise dos resultados da Pegada Ecológica que é de 0,433 gha/per capita e da Biocapacidade, que é de 6,34 gha/ per capita, pode ser considerado que o assentamento apresenta superávit ecológico confirmando que é sustentável ecologicamente.

A relação entre economia e meio ambiente tem sido cada vez mais explorada, dado que o crescimento econômico pode ter efeitos prejudiciais sobre a natureza, contudo existe a possibilidade de conciliar crescimento com preservação do meio ambiente. A coleta e divulgação de indicadores ambientais permitiram relacioná-los com a renda per capita, o que motivou a investigação de uma hipótese conhecida como Curva Ambiental de Kuznets. O trabalho tem por finalidade estimar, através de dados em painel não estacionário, a relação entre o indicador de pressão ambiental e crescimento de renda per capita e, através da análise de dados em painel estático e dinâmico, a convergência da pegada ecológica entre os países como resultado da evidência direta e indireta, respectivamente, da existência de uma Curva Ambiental de Kuznets. A vantagem da análise está na abrangência da pegada ecológica como indicador ambiental em relação às emissões de poluentes, possuindo um caráter original por não ter sido empreendida anteriormente. Os fundamentos teóricos da análise de convergência estão no Modelo de Solow verde desenvolvido por Brock and Taylor (2010). / The relationship between economy and environment has more and more been explored, and given the potential harm that economic growth might have on nature there is a possibility to conciliate growth and environment preservation. The gathering and publishing of environmental measures allowed to establish their relationship with per capita income in an investigation of the hypothesis known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve. This work estimates the relation of environmental pressure and income per capita and also the convergence of the ecological footprint among countries, as a direct and indirect, respectively, result of the existence of a Environmental Kuznets Curve, by using static, dynamic and non-stationary panel data techniques. The advantage of this analysis is that the ecological footprint is a broader environmental index than pollution indexes. The theoretic foundation of the convergence analysis is the Green Solow model, presented by Brock and Taylor (2010).

Neste trabalho buscou-se conhecer as perspectivas de sustentabilidade socioambiental no contexto do desenvolvimento do turismo na cidade de Mateiros/Tocantins. Para tanto, foi avaliada a aplicabilidade em destino de pequeno porte dos indicadores de sustentabilidade: Índice de Qualidade de Vida (IQV), Indicadores de Sustentabilidade da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e Pegada Ecológica do Turismo. Percebeu-se que houve um incremento no IQV da cidade de Mateiros de 32,82% após o estabelecimento do turismo, com destaque para as famílias que atuam na produção das peças de artesanato de capim dourado. A mudança, de 0,162 para 0,215, indica que apesar de ter havido uma elevação na qualidade de vida das famílias entrevistadas, o IQV permaneceu baixo, isto é, com valores entre zero e 0,499. Tal fato demonstra que a qualidade de vida das famílias não é satisfatória. Quanto à ferramenta da ONU, percebeu-se que não há sistematização de dados suficientes para que esta ferramenta possa ser utilizada pelos órgãos governamentais na captação de recursos e utilização destes para criar novas políticas públicas para a região. Tal fato demonstra uma ineficácia em destinos de pequeno porte que se assemelhem à cidade de Mateiros na forma em que foi utilizado nesse trabalho. Quanto à Pegada Ecológica do Turismo, de acordo com a metodologia proposta, são necessários 2.194,2263 hectares de terras para absorver o CO2 demandado pela atividade turística na região. A categoria com maior impacto foi terras de energia fóssil na subcategoria transporte terrestre. Conclui-se, então, que os indicadores de sustentabilidade Pegada Ecológica do Turismo e Índice de Qualidade de Vida mostraram-se ferramentas eficazes para se avaliar as perspectivas de sustentabilidade de destinos de pequeno porte. / This work aimed to investigate the possibilities for environmental sustainability in the context of tourism development in the community of Mateiros/Tocantins. Therefore, we evaluated the applicability of sustainability indicators in small tourist destination: Quality of Life Index (QLI), Sustainability Indicators of the United Nations and Tourism Ecological Footprint. It was concluded that there was an increase in the Quality of Life Index of Mateiross community of 32.82% after the establishment of tourism, especially for families who work in the production of capim dourado handicrafts. The changes from 0.162 to 0.215 indicates that although there was a rise in the quality of life of the families interviewed, QLI remained low, that is, with values between zero and 0,499. This shows that the families quality of life is not satisfactory. As the UN tool, it was noticed that there is not systematic enough data. So the tool proposed by the UN cant be used by government agencies to create new public policies for the region. This fact demonstrates the ineffectiveness of its use in small destinations that are similar to the city of Mateiros. As for the Ecological Footprint of Tourism, according to the proposed methodology, it is needed 2194.2263 hectares of land to absorb CO2 demanded by tourism in the region. The category with the greatest impact is fossil energy land in sub ground transportation. It was concluded, then, that the Tourism Ecological Footprint and Quality of Life Index were effective sustainability indicators tools to evaluate small destinations.

Orientador: Enrique Ortega Rodriguez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T20:14:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_LucasGoncalves_D.pdf: 3815596 bytes, checksum: da4afe640538859bcfe945a267dd855d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Tendências de crescimento econômico têm sido observadas tanto para o mundo como para o Brasil. No entanto, para se analisar o desempenho de um sistema, é fundamental contabilizar todos os fluxos de energia e material, o uso e a ocupação da terra, a taxa de uso de recursos renováveis e não renováveis, o bem estar social, e não só parâmetros econômicos. O presente estudo segue a visão segundo a qual, o uso de uma seleção de metodologias de avaliação do desempenho energético-ambiental apresenta resultados robustos, uma vez que os diferentes indicadores obtidos funcionam de maneira complementar. Foram aplicados os métodos de Avaliação Emergética, Análise de Energia Incorporada, Mochila Ecológica, Inventário de Emissões Indiretas, e Pegada Ecológica para o caso do Brasil em 2008, além do estado de São Paulo e do município de Campinas, em razão da importância para a economia nacional. Uma discussão acerca da relevância dos métodos selecionados foi feita e concluiu-se que a metodologia emergética é a mais robusta por lidar também com os aspectos econômicos e contabilizar as contribuições da natureza para os sistemas avaliados, porém é a que apresenta mais inconsistências devido à falta de padronização dos cálculos e de fatores de conversão confiáveis. A aplicação da metodologia à série história do Brasil demonstrou que o desempenho ambiental vem piorando de 1981 a 2008: a Renovabilidade caiu de 82 % para 45 %, a ELR subiu de 0,21 para 1,12, o ESI passou de 74,17 para 5,70 e a fração importada de emergia subiu de 6 % para 16 %. Por outro lado, no mesmo período, o PIB per capita aumentou de US$ 3.760 para US$ 9.355. Em 2008, verificou-se que o PIB per capita foi maior para Campinas com US$ 14.217, seguido por São Paulo com US$ 13.587. O estado e o município apresentaram alta dependência de recursos externos (91 % e 99 %) e baixa capacidade de suporte (0,08 e 0,04). Campinas apresentou valores per capita inferiores à média brasileira para materiais abióticos e para o Potencial de Aquecimento Global (GWP), e valores próximos em termos da demanda de água. O estado de São Paulo, por sua vez, apresentou valores muito superiores para esses indicadores se comparados aos outros dois casos. No entanto, o estado tem a maior participação na economia nacional com mais de 30 % do PIB do Brasil e é responsável por exportar grandes quantidades de produtos e energia para os outros estados. A riqueza econômica de Campinas não está associada a aspectos produtivos e de energia, e sim a uma economia baseada em serviços (polo de ensino e alta tecnologia), que ainda não são devidamente contabilizados pelas metodologias aplicadas. De uma maneira geral, foi possível perceber que os indicadores econômicos e os ambientais caminham em direções opostas, ou seja, o crescimento econômico está associado a um aumento do consumo e da demanda por materiais e energia, e consequente dependência por recursos não renováveis externos. Nesse sentido, o modelo de crescimento econômico acelerado proposto pelo governo federal deveria ser revisto tendo como ponto de partida um desenvolvimento baseado em menor consumo, maior preservação e recuperação das áreas florestais naturais, menor dependência de recursos estrangeiros e maior valorização dos produtos e dos recursos locais / Abstract: Economic growth tendencies have been observed for the world as well as for Brazil. However, in order to assess the performance of a system, it is important to account for all the energy and material flows, the use and the occupation of land, the use of renewable and nonrenewable resources, the social wellbeing, and not only economic parameters. This study follows the view according to which, the use of a selection of methodologies to evaluate the energetic environmental performance presents robust results, once the various indicators work in a complementary way. The following methods were applied: Emergy Evaluation, Embodied Energy Analysis, Ecological Rucksack, Indirect Emissions Inventory and Ecological Footprint to the case of Brazil in 2008, besides the state of Sao Paulo and the municipality of Campinas, due to their importance to the national economy. The relevancy of the selected methods was discussed and conclusion is that the emergy methodology is the most robust one for dealing with economic aspects as well as accounting for the contributions from nature to the systems. However it is the most inconsistent method due the lack of standardized calculations and trustful conversion factors. The evaluation applied to a historical series have shown that the environmental performance have been worsening from 1981 to 2008: Renewability has dropped from 82 % to 45 %, ELR increased from 0.21 to 1.12, ESI decreased from 74.17 to 5.70 and the emergy imported fraction rose from 6 % to 16 %. On the other hand, in the same period, the GDP per capita increased from US$ 3,760 to US$ 9,355. In 2008, the GDP per capita for Campinas was the highest with US$ 14,217 followed by Sao Paulo with US$ 13,587. The state of Sao Paulo and the municipality of Campinas presented high dependency on imported resources (91 % and 99 %) and low carrying capacity (0.08 and 0.04). However, Campinas has presented lower values that the national average for abiotic materials and GWP, and close values in terms of water demand. The state of Sao Paulo has the highest share of the national economy with over 30 % of the Brazilian GDP and it is responsible for large amounts of exported products and energy to other states. The economic wealth of Campinas is not associated with productive or energetic aspects, but with an economy based on services (center of learning and development of new technologies), which are not yet accounted by the applied methodologies. Generally, it is possible to observe that economic and environmental indicators tend to evolve in opposite directions, in other words, the economic growth is associated with an increase on the consumption and on the demand of materials and energy, and consequent dependency on nonrenewable imported resources. In this sense, the accelerated economic growth model proposed by the current Brazilian federal government should be reviewed having as basis the development based on low consumption, increased preservation and recuperation of natural forest areas, lower dependency on foreign resources and higher appreciation for local products and resources / Doutorado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

The purpose of this research is to examine how The Natural Step Framework, combined with Life Cycle Assessment and Ecological Footprint could help to manage the sustainability challenges of construction materials in China and to consider how these tools and concepts might inform each other in combination. Based on a literature review regarding the current reality of building materials in China and industry experience with use of existing sustainability concepts and tools, we build a conceptual model to integrate the three above concepts and attempt to analyse how they could work better together in the management of a sustainable transition. We then analyse the likely strengths and limitations of such an integrated model and finally use this to inform a vision of a sustainable future for building materials, discussing how the model may help China move towards sustainability.

Background and Problem: Global climate change presents the biggest challenge humanity has ever faced. As the Ecological Footprint metric and behaviour towards sustainable investment can present essential contributions to humanity’s sustainability transition, they have gained significant importance over the last years. However, it is largely unexplored if living and consuming sustainably also affects how savings are allocated when investing.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute to the current body of knowledge by studying the motivations and backgrounds that drive the decision of individuals to invest sustainably. Thus, we investigate the relationship between people’s Ecological Footprint and their sustainable investment behaviour. Method: This study follows a positivist research approach where quantitative data is gathered through a structured questionnaire from 290 respondents with financial literacy and sustainability awareness. The results are analysed through a logistic regression and then interpreted and discussed in the context of the frame of reference.  Conclusion: The results indicate that individuals with a lower Ecological Footprint and thus a higher awareness of sustainability are more likely to invest sustainably. Consequently, this study showed that individuals who consumed more sustainably tend to act more sustainably in other areas and levels. Moreover, this study adds new knowledge to the literature regarding individual’s consumption behaviour and its relationship with sustainable investments.

Environmental and socio-economic crises are creating compelling needs for radical social change. This project investigated the options and barriers for three Scottish rural communities (Fintry, Killin and Kinlochleven) to become sustainable and thrive in a future resource-constrained world. A unique, holistic and mixed methods approach was used to assess baseline sustainability, envision and model futures and develop possible options for sustainability. Central to this investigation was the development of a strong and holistic model of a sustainable community: the sustainable community design (SCD). This framework shaped the assessment of each community’s baseline sustainability. Sustainability was measured for the ten aspects of the SCD using a scorecard approach with a basket of indicators populated by primary data (collected in a household survey) and secondary data (national statistics). Sustainable consumption was analysed using the Resources and Energy Analysis Programme (REAP) to generate each community’s ecological footprint (EF) and results were compared to current estimates of per capita world biocapacity to gauge sustainability. Even the most sustainable community was only sustainable in three out of ten of the SCD’s aspects and this community had the highest EF. Although the most deprived community had the lowest EF, it was unsustainable in all ten SCD aspects. The results reflected the heterogeneity of rural communities and complexity of sustainability measurement. The SCD scorecard approach for sustainability measurement was shown to be sensitive and robust and can be applied to rural communities across Scotland. Future visions were created in focus groups, in which participants were asked to envision what their community would need to thrive in 2030 under the scenario of peak oil and a low carbon economy. Vision ideas and examples of best practice and technological innovation were used to create narrative scenarios for modelling transport, food and energy futures. The scenarios’ EFs were calculated in REAP for three discrete levels of change: a marginal change, a step change and radical transformation. The results suggested that radical transformation is required for communities to become sustainable. Key features are likely to be re-localised and highly co-operative societies, which utilise technological innovations (such as electric cars powered by renewable energy) and share resources to maximise opportunities for living in rural areas. A community’s transformation is likely to be bespoke and require local control, requiring changes to governance and supportive policy. Key barriers identified were availability of affordable technological innovations, energy injustice, power to achieve self-determination, community governance, property rights and sustainability literacy. A process model, incorporating the SCD scorecard approach, was proposed for furthering sustainable community development and research. In taking an interdisciplinary and mixed methods approach, this study has pioneered a novel approach to the holistic enquiry of the options for creating sustainable rural communities.

No atual contexto ambiental é grande a demanda por informações consistentes que subsidiem o planejamento territorial, permitindo realizar avaliações ambientais e desta forma, subsidiar os setores público e privado. Essa demanda pode ser satisfeita com a integração de informações em um sistema, com propriedades e funções de processamento, possibilitando sua utilização em ambiente integrado. Assim, nesta dissertação é proposta uma metodologia para a avaliação ambiental de bacias hidrográficas que atua desde a escolha de indicadores e definição dos pesos de sua contribuição, até a execução de avaliações e espacialização de resultados em ambiente SIG. Esta metodologia é composta por duas fases distintas: avaliação da vulnerabilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica a partir do uso de sistemas de suporte à decisão espacial, e, avaliação da sustentabilidade da bacia através do cálculo do indicador Pegada Ecológica. Na primeira fase são adotados sistemas de suporte à decisão, bases de conhecimento, SIG e uma ferramenta que integra estes resultados permitindo a geração de avaliações, análises e/ou cenários prospectivos. Na segunda fase, a sustentabilidade da bacia é retratada a partir do cálculo da pegada ecológica que consiste na contabilização da área que uma população necessita para produzir os recursos consumidos e absorver os resíduos gerados. A comparação entre áreas mais vulneráveis e menos sustentáveis, pode nortear projetos de recuperação e conservação ambiental. / In the current environmental context is huge the demand for consistent information that supports the territorial planning, allowing environmental assessments thereby subsidizing public and private sectors. This demand can be satisfied with the integration of information into a system, with properties and processing functions, allowing its use in integrated environment. Thus, this thesis proposes a methodology for environmental assessment of watersheds that operates from the choice of indicators and definition of the weights of its contribution to the implementation of assessments and spatialisation of results in a GIS environment. This methodology is composed of two distinct phases: assessment of environmental vulnerability of the basin by the use of spatial decision support systems, and assessing the sustainability of the basin through the calculation of Ecological Footprint. In the first phase are adopted decision support systems, knowledge bases, GIS and a tool that integrates these results allowing the generation of assessments, analysis and / or prospective scenarios. In the second stage, the sustainability of the basin is pictured from the calculation of the ecological footprint, which consists in accounting the area that a population needs to produce the resources consumed and absorb the waste generated. The comparison between the most vulnerable and less sustainable, can guide restoration projects and environmental conservation.

Pets like dogs and cats have a considerable importance for humans and research demonstrate a variety of positive economic and social effects in society due to our pet companions. The presences of pets are increasing on a global scale with correlation to economic development in low- and middle income countries. For example dogs have doubled in India over a five year period. The feed industry for dogs and cats is also the fastest growing sector in the food industry and certain pets have a significant animal protein intake which, depending on the choice of resources may provide a high ecological footprint. Examples of environmental effects with distribution and manufacturing of pet food are increased greenhouse gas emissions, waste, use of water and energy. Pet food producers have an important role to play in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable development efforts, especially in their choice of sustainable protein resources as by-products from sustainable fisheries and livestock production. The purpose of this study was to investigate how pet food industry for dogs and cats generally working on sustainable development and CSR from primarily an ecological perspective in terms of ingredients, communication and production process. Ecological sustainability within pet food industry is more or less unexplored, and this study aims to create a broader understanding and interest for further studies in this field. This study was conducted using the multi method research including qualitative and quantitative methods on a global and national scale.   The result is not possible to generalize, but some conclusions can be drawn. In relation to resources, by-products from food industry are a commonly used pet food content. But several companies are also marketing pet food containing “real meat, fish, poultry” with no or less byproducts. This seems to be a consumer driven trend. Indications that resources in pet food partly competes with human food system, give further considerations how to feed a growing human and pet population within planetary boundaries. All national and multinational cooperation’s in this study work more or less with CSR and sustainability from an ecological perspective. Generally there is visibly a weak relationship between companies’ sustainability activities and animal protein which should be a prerequisite in a production that is largely made of this resource, in relation to acute environmental degradation like climate change and depletion of fish stocks. Another conclusion is that corporate communication of environmental CSR and sustainability efforts on different pet food brand websites are almost non-existent. Finally, working with this study gave rise to many further questions and study subjects in relation to ecological sustainability within Pet food industry, not at least it´s relation to food industry and how this may effect global human meat consumption. / Sällskapsdjur i form av hund och katt har stor betydelse för människan och forskning påvisar en mängd positiva ekonomiska och sociala effekter som dessa ger oss. Förekomsten av sällskapsdjur visar en tydlig korrelation med ekonomisk utveckling och hundägandet har exempelvis fördubblats i Indien under en femårs period. Foderindustrin för hund och katt är samtidigt den snabbast växande sektorn inom livsmedelsindustrin. Hund och katt har som regel ett högt intag av animaliskt protein vilket beroende på resursval kan ge ett påtagligt ekologiskt fotavtryck. Själva foderproduktionen samt transporter ger också upphov till miljöpåverkan i form av t.ex. ökade  utsläpp av växthusgaser,  ökad vatten- och energianvändning samt avfall.  Foderproducenterna har en viktig roll att fylla vad gäller sitt företagsansvar (CSR) samt arbete med hållbar utveckling ur ett ekologiskt perspektiv. Exempel på detta kan vara val av proteinresurser som biprodukter ifrån hållbart fiske och animalieproduktion. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur foderindustrin för hund och katt generellt arbetar med hållbar utveckling samt CSR ur framförallt ett ekologiskt perspektiv vad gäller produktionsförfarande, kommunikation samt om foderingredienser kompletterar eller konkurrerar med livsmedelsingredienser. Området är relativt outforskat och studien syftar till att skapa en bredare förståelse samt intresse för djupare studier inom området. Undersökningen har utförts med hjälp av flermetodsforskning i form av kvalitativ samt kvantitativ metod på global och nationell nivå.  Resultatet går inte att generalisera på foderindustrin globalt även om vissa slutsatser kan dras. I relation till resurser är förekomsten av biprodukter ifrån livsmedelsindustrin vanligt foderinnehåll men flera företag marknadsför också foder som innehåller ”riktigt kött, fisk, fågel” med frånvaro av eller lägre innehåll av biprodukter. Detta verkar vara en konsumentdriven trend. Både nationella samt multinationella företag i studien arbetar mer eller mindre med CSR och hållbarhet ur ett ekologiskt perspektiv. Generellt är det dock en svag koppling mellan miljöarbetet och animaliskt protein, vilket borde vara en förutsättning i en produktion som till stor del består av denna resurs i relation till akuta miljöproblem som klimatförändringen samt utfiskning. Ytterligare en slutsats är att företagens kommunikation av miljömässigt CSR- och hållbarhetsarbete på sina varumärkens hemsidor är närmast obefintlig. Slutligen väckte arbetetet med uppsatsen ett antal djupare frågeställningar samt ideér till fortsatta studier i relation till ekologisk hållbarhet inom foderindustrin. Inte minst avseende foderindustrins relation till livsmedelsindustrin och hur detta samband eventuellt kan påverka global köttkonsumtion. Foder för hund och katt konkurrerar dessutom till viss del med livsmedel vilket skapar utmaningen att föda både en ökande befolkning samt population av sällskapsdjur som skall livnära sig inom planetens gränser i framtiden.

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