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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Avaliação econômica de quatro modelos agroflorestais em áreas degradadas por pastagens na Amazônia ocidental. / Economic evaluation of four agroforestry systems models in degraded pastures areas in the ocidental Amazon.

Mario Jorge Campos dos Santos 30 January 2001 (has links)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade econômica de quatro sistemas agroflorestais em área com pastagem degradada na Amazônia Ocidental. A área escolhida para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa está localizada na Estação Experimental da EMBRAPA/CPAA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisas Agropecuárias - Centro de Pesquisas Agroflorestais da Amazônia Ocidental) no Distrito Agropecuário da SUFRAMA - DAS, Km 54 da BR-174 (Manaus-Boa Vista- Brasil), em áreas de terra firme. Os modelos agroflorestais analisados foram implantados seguindo delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos, 3 repetições e a pastagem abandonada como testemunha, em parcelas de 3.000 m 2 (60m x 50m), com uma área total de 4,5 ha. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos da seguinte forma: ASP-1 (Sistema Agrossilvipastoril – altos insumos); SP2 (Sistema Agrossilvipastoril – baixos insumos); AS1 (Sistema Agrossilvicultural – baixos insumos com palmeiras); AS2 (Sistema agrossilvicultural – baixos insumos multiestrato) e pastagem abandonada (testemunha). Houve aplicação de insumos para correção de acidez e fertilidade do solo. A avaliação econômica dos sistemas agroflorestais analisados baseou-se no cálculo do valor presente líquido dos respectivos fluxos de caixa constituídos a partir da presuposição que os mesmos podem ser repetidos perpetuamente. Os resultados obtidos, mostraram que os modelos agroflorestais utilizados são economicamente viáveis, indicando que este tipo de atividade pode contribuir para a regeneração de áreas com nível de degradação semelhante ao observado no estudo de caso e para a sobrevivência econômica dos agricultores da região. / Agroforestry systems have been considered to recover degraded areas, so as to increase the agricultural and forestry productivity and diminish the economic risk to the farmer. Four agroforestry models were introduced into a degraded pasture and abandoned areas located in one of the Experimental Station (Suframa-DAS) of the Embrapa/CPAA ( Empresa brasileira de pesquisas agropecuaria/ Centro de Pesquisas Agroflorestais da Amazônia Ocidental), at Km 54 BR-174 (Manaus-Boa Vista). This study was a randomized complete block design with 5 agroforestry models and three replicates for each model and an abandoned pasture area as the control. The parcel area measured 3,000m 2 (60m X 50m) for a total of 4.5 ha. Trataments were: ASP1 (Agrosilvipastoral systems - higt output); ASP2 (Agrosilvipastoral systems - low input); AS1 (Agrosilvicultural systems - low output with palmers tree); AS2 (Agrosilvicultural systems - low output multistrata). Fertilizers were to correct for the effects of soil acidity and soil fertility. Economic evaluations were based on the following economical criteria: Net Present Value and Land Expectation Value. Results showed that the agroforestry models were economically acceptable indicating that this kind of agroforestry activity generates income and could be used as an alternative way to recorver degraded areas in the Amazon. Agroforestry system AS2 produced the best results among the systems studied. All four systems were efficient at reestablishing the vegetative productivity. It produced agricultural benefits to the farmer and the utilized species play a important role in the land maintenance and protection against fire use and erosion. More research utilizing SAFs are required for this region to emphasize the economic benefits of the systems.
142

Estimativa de custo do programa de controle e prevenção da dengue em Goiânia-GO / Estimated cost of the program for prevention and control of dengue in Goiânia-GO

Santos, Sandra Maria dos 27 February 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T15:00:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sandra Maria dos Santos - 2013.pdf: 1079676 bytes, checksum: af82914c613b674bc86e5a67ad953679 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-04-15T15:02:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sandra Maria dos Santos - 2013.pdf: 1079676 bytes, checksum: af82914c613b674bc86e5a67ad953679 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T15:02:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sandra Maria dos Santos - 2013.pdf: 1079676 bytes, checksum: af82914c613b674bc86e5a67ad953679 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Introduction: Dengue is an acute febrile illness of significant magnitude in Brazil, caused by four antigenically distinct serotypes. Between 2002 and2010 approximately four million probable dengue cases were reported in Brazil, with major outbreaks in 2002, 2008, and 2010. Dengue vaccines are currently in phase 3 clinical trials, and it is expected that such vaccine will reduce the number of cases, disease costs, and costs of dengue prevention and control programs, particularly during epidemic. Thus, cost of program studies are essential to subsidize cost-effectiveness analysis, which are important for decision making regarding dengue vaccine introduction. Objective: Estimate the costs of dengue control program (PMCD) in the municipality of Goiânia-GO, Brazil. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis, considering epidemic (October/2009-April/2010), and endemic (May-September/2010) periods of dengue transmission. The public healthcare system (SUS) perspective was considered. We considered the following cost components: human resources, training, infrastructure, equipment and office supplies, transportation, personal protective equipment (PPE), field and laboratory equipment, insecticides and social mobilization, considering capital and recurrent costs. Except for the costs of insecticide purchase and Central Ultra Low Volume (ULV) which are beared by the federal and state levels, respectively, the remaining costs of the PMCD are incurred by the municipal level. Information sources included Goiânia Municipal Health Department and the Brazilian Central Bank. Costs by dengue transmission period and cost category were estimated. Unlike recurring costs, capital costs estimated for both transmission periods combined. Results: The total and monthly recurring costs of the PMCD during the epidemic period was R$8.307.590,02 (U.S.$4.988.345,15) and R$1.400.819,19 (U.S.$841.130,77) respectively; and in the endemic period was R$5.848.678,18 (U.S.$3.511.875,94) and R$949.878,86 (U.S.$570.360,79), respectively. Capital costs for both periods were estimated at R$683,314.98 (U.S.$410,300.82). The most significant component of recurrent costs was that of human resources (84% and 86% respectively). Transportation (80%) and infrastructure (13%) accounted for the largest proportion among capital costs. Regarding source of funding, 83%, 13% and 3% of costs are incurred by municipal, federal, and state levels, respectively. Conclusion: The PMCD costs estimate on epidemic and endemic periods allows to know the excess cost that an epidemic burdens to the government, especially at the municipal level. By the way it is necessary to enable the introduction of a technology that not only reduces the incidence of dengue but also reduce the epidemic peaks. / Introdução: A dengue é uma doença febril aguda de grande magnitude no Brasil, causada por quatro sorotipos virais antigenicamente distintos. Entre 2002-2010 foram registrados cerca de quatro milhões de casos prováveis no Brasil, com epidemias importantes em 2002, 2008 e 2010. Espera-se que uma vacina, atualmente na fase 3 de ensaio clínico, possa reduzir o número de casos, custos da doença, e custos do programa de prevenção e controle da dengue, em particular nos picos epidêmicos. Assim, estudos de custo de programas são importantes para subsidiar a tomada de decisão sobre a introdução da vacina. Objetivo: Estimar os custos do controle da dengue do Programa Municipal de Controle da Dengue (PMCD) de Goiânia-GO, Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizada análise retrospectiva, considerando os períodos epidêmico, (outubro/2009-abril/2010), e endêmico (maio-setembro/2010) de transmissão da dengue. A perspectiva da análise é do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Foram considerados os seguintes componentes de custo: recursos humanos, capacitação, infraestrutura, equipamentos e suprimentos de escritório, transporte, equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI), material de campo, material laboratorial, inseticidas e mobilização social, considerando custos de capital (investimento) e recorrentes. Com exceção dos custos referentes à compra de inseticidas e os custos com a Central de Ultrabaixo volume (UBV), que são de responsabilidade federal e estadual, respectivamente, os demais custos do PMCD são de responsabilidade municipal. As fontes de informação incluíram a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) de Goiânia e Banco Central do Brasil. Foram estimados custos por período de transmissão de dengue e por componentes de custos. Ao contrário dos custos recorrentes, os custos de capital foram estimados para ambos os períodos de transmissão combinados. Resultados: O valor total e mensal dos custos recorrentes do PMCD no período epidêmico foi de R$8.307.590,02 (US$4.988.345,15) e R$1.400.819,19 (US$841.130,77), respectivamente; e no período endêmico foi R$5.848.678,18 (US$3.511.875,94) e R$949.878,86 (US$570.360,79), respectivamente. O custo de capital para ambos os períodos foi estimado em R$ 683.314,98 (US$ 410.300,82). Entre os custos recorrentes do período epidêmico e endêmico, a proporção mais significativa foi referente à custos com recursos humanos (84% e 86%, respectivamente). Transporte (80%) e infraestrutura (13%) respondem pela maior proporção dentre os custos de capital. Em relação à fonte de recurso, 83%, 13% e 3% referem-se, respectivamente, às esferas municipal, federal e estadual. Conclusão: A estimativa de custo do PMCD por períodos epidêmico e endêmico permite conhecer o excedente de custo que uma epidemia onera ao poder público, especialmente na esfera municipal. Diante desse cenário torna-se necessário viabilizar a introdução de uma tecnologia que reduza não só a incidência da dengue mas também reduza os picos epidêmicos.
143

Avaliação de custos federais do Programa Nacional de Imunizações. Brasil, 2004-2015 / Evaluation of federal costs of the National Immunization Program. Brazil, 2004-2015

Moura, Wider Carlos Bernardes de 13 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-17T15:40:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wider Carlos Bernardes de Moura - 2016.pdf: 1656116 bytes, checksum: 507ddc7778f24f76d1103d1aefc0d664 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-17T15:43:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wider Carlos Bernardes de Moura - 2016.pdf: 1656116 bytes, checksum: 507ddc7778f24f76d1103d1aefc0d664 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T15:43:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Wider Carlos Bernardes de Moura - 2016.pdf: 1656116 bytes, checksum: 507ddc7778f24f76d1103d1aefc0d664 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction: vaccines are important technologies in health and have been used for decades to prevent a series of high morbidity diseases through vaccination of children, adolescents, adults and seniors. Knowledge of the immunization program costs is important for health managers in strategic planning, decision making and incremental costs estimates the introduction of new vaccines and budgetary impact of the same, supporting cost-effectiveness studies. Objectives: estimate the cost of the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Brazil, the federal considering the 2013 base year and analyze the acquisition of immunobiologics used in Brazil considering quantitative and cost in the 2004-2015 period. Methods: two studies were carried out. A retrospective descriptive study program cost for the NIP cost analysis at the federal level, and the period considered from January to December 2013. A restrospective study ecological descriptive type, historical series of quantity and immunobiologics costs purchased by NIP between the periods of 2004-2015. For both analyzes were considered the SUS perspective. The following cost components were considered: inputs (immunobiologics, syringes and needles), human resources, transportation, building infrastructure and services, office equipment, transfers to the Cold Chain and other (social mobilization, training, publications and research). For historical trend analysis, vaccines and serums /Immunoglobulins were considered. The analysis was stratified by national and international production; purchasing mechanism; and conventional routine schedule vaccines and vaccines introduced from 2006. Results: the total NIP costs at federal level in 2013 was R$1,467,100,454.81, of which R$1,304,032,414.00 (88.9%) to inputs for the routine and campaigns R$78,282,799.95 (5.3%) and transport R$3,210,769.92 (0.2%) with human resources and R$81,574,470.94 (5.6%) with the other components (building infrastructure, equipment, financial transfers and others). A total of 2,910,669,114 doses of immunobiologics was acquired by the NIP in the 2004-2015 period, at a cost of R$15,473,789,880. Conclusion: Federal costs of the NIP are significant, mainly due to costs of vaccine purchase and transportation. With the introduction of new vaccines in the immunization schedule, the PNI costs increase significantly, justifying the adoption of transfer strategy technologies for production of new vaccines and self-sufficiency in the production of immunobiologics adopted by MS. / Introdução: as vacinas são importantes tecnologias em saúde e vem sendo utilizadas há várias décadas em crianças, adolescentes, gestantes adultos e idosos para prevenir uma série de doenças de alta morbidade. O conhecimento dos custos de programa de imunizações é importante para os gestores de saúde no planejamento de estratégias, na tomada de decisões e para estimativas de custos incrementais na introdução de novas vacinas e de impacto orçamentário das mesmas, subsidiando estudos de custo-efetividade. Objetivos: estimar o custo do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) no Brasil, na esfera federal considerando o ano base de 2013 e analisar as aquisições de imunobiológicos utilizadas no Brasil considerando quantitativo e custos no período de 2004-2015. Métodos: foram realizados dois estudos. Um estudo descritivo retrospectivo de custo de programa para a análise de custos do PNI no nível federal, sendo o período considerado de janeiro a dezembro de 2013; e um estudo retrospectivo do tipo ecológico descritivo de série histórica da quantidade e custos de imunobiológicos comprados pelo PNI entre o período de 2004-2015. Para ambas as análises, foi considerada a perspectiva do SUS. Foram considerados os seguintes componentes de custo: insumos (imunobiológicos, seringas e agulhas), recursos humanos, transporte, infraestrutura predial e serviços, equipamentos de escritório, repasses para a rede de frio e outros (mobilização social, treinamento, publicações e pesquisas). A análise de série temporal considerou vacinas e soros/imunoglobulinas e foi estratificada por produção nacional e internacional; mecanismo de compra; e vacinas convencionais do calendário de rotina e vacinas introduzidas a partir de 2006. Resultados: o total de custos do PNI pelo nível federal em 2013 foi de R$1.467.100.454,81, sendo R$1.304.032.414,00 (88,9%) para insumos (imunobiológicos, seringas e agulhas) R$78.282.799,95 (5,3%) com transportes, R$3.210.769,92 (0,2%) com recursos humanos e R$81.574.470,94 (5,6%) com os demais componentes (infraestrutura predial, equipamentos, repasses para a rede de frio e outros). Um total de 2.910.669.114 doses de imunobiológicos foi adquirido pelo PNI no período de 2004-2015, a um custo de R$15.473.789.880. Conclusão: os custos federais do PNI são significativos, sobretudo em função de custos com compra e transporte de vacinas. Com a introdução de novas vacinas no calendário vacinal, os custos do PNI aumentaram significativamente, justificando a adoção de estratégia de transferência de tecnologias para produção de novas vacinas e promovendo a autossuficiência nacional na produção de imunobiológicos.
144

L'approche bayésienne pour l'évaluation médico-économique : Méta-analyse bayésienne en réseaux et la calibration bayésienne / Bayesian approach in health economic evaluation : Mixed treatment comparison and Bayesian calibration

Neine, Mohamed El Moctar 17 December 2015 (has links)
Les objectifs de ma thèse étaient d'analyser les avantages et les inconvénients de l'approche bayésienne et développer leur utilisation dans le contexte de l'évaluation médico-économique. Deux projets ont été développés en utilisant l'approche bayésienne. Le premier projet était une revue systématique de la littérature et méta-analyse en réseaux pour estimer l'efficacité et la tolérance mirabegron 50 mg par rapport aux autres traitements anti-muscarinique dans la gestion de l’hyperactivité vésicale. Une revue de littératures a permis d’identifier les données puis des modèles à effet fixes et effet aléatoires ont été utilisés. Le deuxième projet est le développement de la méthode de calibration bayésienne pour estimer les probabilités de transition d’un modèle de Markov dans la maladie de Parkinson. Une étude de simulation a été effectuée pour comparer les résultats de l'approche bayésienne et l'approche classique. Toutes les analyses ont été effectuées en utilisant les logiciels libres WinBUGS et R. Résultats: La méta-analyse bayésienne en réseaux est un outil très utile pour gérer la comparaison directe et indirecte de traitements. la calibration Bayésiennes, les résultats de l’approche bayésiens sont distribués de façon similaire par rapport aux résultats de l'étude de référence.Conclusion: En comparaison avec l’approche classique, l’approche bayésienne à une meilleure base mathématique et philosophique, offre une plus grande flexibilité, et fournit des résultats sous une forme plus naturelle et intuitive. L'utilisation de l'approche bayésienne devrait se poursuivre et se développer dans le domaine de l'économie de la santé. / The objectives of this thesis were to review and develop the use of Bayesian approach in the context of heath economic evaluation. Methods: Two projects of health economics were developed to assess the benefit of Bayesian approach in health economics. The first project was a systematic literature review and mixed treatment comparison to estimate the relative efficacy and safety of mirabegron compared to antimuscarinics treatments in the management of over active bladder (OAB). The second project was the development of Bayesian calibration method to estimate the transition probabilities from cost-effectiveness model. A simulation study was performed to compare the results of Bayesian approach and classical approach. All the analyses were performed using free software WinBUGS and R.Results: The Bayesian approach is widely used in health economic evaluation and it is accepted tool to analyse the data from most of health technology agencies (e.g. HAS, NICE). The Bayesian mixed treatment comparison found to be a very useful framework to handle the comparison of treatments using the information from direct and indirect treatment comparison. The Bayesian calibration method provided results similarly distributed compared to the results of reference study (i.e. simulation study). Conclusion:Bayesian approach has better mathematical and philosophical foundation, offers greater flexibility, and provides results in a more natural and intuitive form. The use of Bayesian approach is expected to continue and grow in the field of health economics and outcomes research, because failing of frequentist to reply to some difficult question and due to the development of high-power computers.
145

Intérêt majeur de l'identification de biomarqueurs prédictifs dans la chimiothérapie des cancers / Identification of predictive biomarkers in cancer chemotherapy

Vataire, Anne-Lise 17 December 2014 (has links)
Le cancer est un problème de santé publique majeur et représente l'une des principales causes de décès dans le monde. Il représente ainsi un lourd fardeau humain et économique pour la société. Au cours de ces dernières années, l'innovation technologique avec notamment le séquençage d'acide désoxyribonucléique (ADN) a modifié la vision et la pratique de la cancérologie en proposant de sélectionner le traitement médical le plus approprié aux caractéristiques génotypiques de chacun. Dans certains types de cancer, la chimiothérapie est parfois prescrite abusivement avec de possibles effets délétères importants à long terme. La prescription de la chimiothérapie ne doit donc pas se faire de manière systématique et l'identification de biomarqueurs prédictifs de la réponse au traitement devient donc une étape cruciale. En effet un grand nombre de biomarqueurs voire des combinaisons de biomarqueurs doivent être testés afin d'identifier les patients susceptibles de bénéficier de la chimiothérapie. A cet effet, des analyses statistiques spécifiques à l'analyse de la mutation TP53 dans le cancer du poumon non à petites cellules ont été mises en place dans la première partie de cette thèse. Enfin, la seconde partie de cette thèse porte sur l'évaluation médico-économique de ces tests, primordiale pour le financement de ces innovations et donc pour avoir un impact direct sur les patients atteints de cancer. Nos résultats ont démontrés que bien que ces tests peuvent être coût-efficaces et recommandés dans plusieurs pays, leurs utilisations en France restent limitées en raison de l'absence de remboursement / Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and thus a major worldwide public health problem and a heavy human and economic burden. In recent years, the practice of cancer medicine has evolved with technological innovation such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing which allows the selection of the most suited treatment for each genotypic characteristic. With chemotherapy, a treatment with potentially significant long-term adverse effects, being overprescribed in some types of cancer, the identification of a predictive biomarker of response to treatment became a crucial step. Indeed a large number of biomarkers or combinations of biomarkers have to be tested to identify patients likely to benefit from chemotherapy and thus to avoid the systematic prescription of chemotherapy. Accordingly, the first part of this thesis focused on the specific statistical analysis of TP53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancer. The second part of this thesis’ aim was to study the medico-economic evaluation of these tests, since these evaluation are essential for these test’s financing. Results showed that although the tests may be cost-effective and recommended in several countries, their uses in France were limited due to the lack of reimbursement
146

Metodologia de avaliação econômica de projetos de petróleo com emprego de cópulas e processos estocásticos autorregressivos / Economic evaluation methodology of oil projects using copulas and stochastic autoregressive processes

Marques, João Bosco Dias, 1963- 02 September 2015 (has links)
Orientador: Osvair Vidal Trevisan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:50:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques_JoaoBoscoDias_D.pdf: 8432350 bytes, checksum: 10f225750a03d8f222ff06c7a20cc1e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esta tese, de caráter metodológico, é uma proposta de análise econômica de projetos de petróleo com emprego de cópulas e processos estocásticos autorregressivos envolvendo cinco variáveis fundamentais: o preço da commodity, a taxa mínima de atratividade (TMA), o custo de investimento (CAPEX), o custo operacional (OPEX) e a curva de produção de óleo. A premissa é a existência de uma estratégia de produção já estabelecida, de preferência decorrente de metodologias validadas em simulação numérica de reservatórios. O fluxo de caixa do projeto é baseado numa formulação simplificada de VPL e num modelo analítico de produção condicionado à referida estratégia. Para a aplicação desta metodologia são estimados modelos da família GARCH e ARMA para o preço do óleo e TMA, cópulas Arquimedianas para o CAPEX e o OPEX e cópulas elípticas para as variáveis que compõem a curva analítica de produção. Uma solução computacional, desenvolvida para a validação desta tese, possibilita não só a estimativa dos modelos como a incorporação destes no fluxo de caixa de um projeto de petróleo, tanto em regime de concessão como de partilha de produção. A matriz de incertezas combina os atributos preço e taxa para três cenários econômicos, contra os atributos de eficiência e eficácia para três níveis de desempenho da empresa. A métrica de risco indicada é o valor em risco ponderado. Os resultados evidenciam as vantagens dos modelos estimados para a análise de risco de projetos de petróleo em condições de incertezas. As assimetrias relacionadas aos choques havidos no preço da commodity são claramente evidenciadas. A métrica indicada, além de coerente para um investidor avesso ao risco, pode subsidiar com vantagens a curva de risco na estimativa das reservas P10, P50 e P90. Outra vantagem é o tratamento acoplado de variáveis como o CAPEX e o OPEX como parâmetros de atributos de desempenho operacional. Trata-se de uma metodologia expedita, aplicável, de fácil interpretação e de valor prático, que pode auxiliar os processos de decisão em projetos de alta complexidade como os do pré-sal brasileiro / Abstract: This thesis of methodological nature is a proposed economic analysis of oil projects with the use of copulas and autoregressive stochastic processes involving five fundamental variables: the price of the commodity, the discount rate (TMA), the investment cost (CAPEX), the operating cost (OPEX) and the curve of oil production. The premise is the existence of a production strategy established, preferably derived from validated methods in numerical reservoir simulation. Cash flow of the project is based on a simplified formulation of NPV and an analytical model of production conditioned on the Strategy. For the application of this methodology, models from the ARMA and GARCH family were estimated for the price of oil and TMA, Archimedean copulas for the CAPEX and OPEX, and elliptical copulas for the variables that comprise the analytical production curve. A computational solution, developed to validate this thesis, provides not only the estimation of models, such as the incorporation in the cash flow of an oil project under concession regime and production sharing contract. The uncertainty matrix combines the attributes of price and rate in three economic scenarios versus the attributes of efficiency and effectiveness in three levels of operator performance. The indicated risk metric is the weighted value-at-risk. The results show advantages of the estimated models for the risk analysis of oil projects under conditions of uncertainty. Asymmetries related to shocks that were in the price of commodity are clearly evidenced. The indicated metric, in addition to its consistency for a risk averse investor, can subsidize with advantages the risk curve in the estimation of reserves P10, P50 and P90. Another advantage is the coupled treatment of variables like the CAPEX and OPEX as parameters of management attributes. This is an expedient methodology, applicable, easy to understand and of practical value that can aist decision-making processes in highly complex projects such as Brazilian pre-salt / Doutorado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Doutor em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
147

Uso de fertilizante nitrogenado de liberação lenta na cultura do milho em sistema plantio direto. / Use of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in corn under no-tillage

Lemos, Evandro Freire 14 June 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:54:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EvandroFreireLemos-dissertacao.pdf: 149475 bytes, checksum: 157cfab2d31ed366f87b82fe037eb10e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-14 / The adoption of best practices for use of fertilizers has contributed to the reduction in nutrient losses and the use of protected sources of nitrogen appears to be an interesting alternative.The aim of this study was a technical and economic evaluation of the effects of different nitrogen using slow release urea compared with traditional use of urea. The experimental design was randomized blocks with seven treatments and four replications. It was demonstrated the possibility of reducing nitrogen levels when using the slow release urea can also be applied at planting. Throughout the experiment the use of conventional urea proved more economical. It was concluded that it is necessary to popularize the techniques of protection of urea, thus making the cost of fertilizer more competitive. Treatment 3, which used 100% of the nitrogen in slow release urea at sowing showed the highest yield, and the second treatment, conventional urea applied at planting 30% and 70% coverage (merged) presented the highest net revenue per hectare, considering the costs of fertilizer. / A adoção das boas práticas do uso de fertilizantes tem contribuído para a redução nas perdas de nutrientes, e a utilização de fontes de nitrogênio protegidas parece ser uma alternativa interessante. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma avaliação técnica e econômica dos efeitos de diferentes doses de nitrogênio, utilizando ureia de liberação lenta comparado com uso de ureia tradicional na cultura do milho. O delineamento experimental usado foi de blocos casualizados, com sete tratamentos e quatro repetições. Ficou evidenciada a possibilidade de redução da dose de nitrogênio ao se utilizar a ureia de liberação lenta, podendo também a aplicação ser feita toda no plantio, tendo, entretanto, o uso da ureia convencional se mostrado mais econômico. O tratamento 3, em que se utilizou 100% da dose de nitrogênio com ureia de liberação lenta no plantio foi o que apresentou maior produtividade, e o tratamento 2, ureia convencional aplicada 30% no plantio e 70% em cobertura (incorporada), foi o que apresentou maior receita líquida por hectare, considerando os custos da adubação. Pode-se concluir que há necessidade da popularização das técnicas de proteção da ureia, tornando assim o custo do fertilizante mais competitivo em detrimento aos demais nitrogenados.
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[en] PROBABILISTIC EVALUATION OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES CONSIDERING THE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE OIL PRICE / [pt] AVALIAÇÃO PROBABILÍSTICA DE RESERVAS DE ÓLEO E GÁS CONSIDERANDO O EFEITO DA VARIAÇÃO DO PREÇO DO ÓLEO

LIVIA HASTENREITER 26 May 2014 (has links)
[pt] Esta pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia probabilística para estimativa de reservas de óleo e gás. Nesta metodologia são consideradas as incertezas de importantes variáveis presentes na avaliação econômica da produção, como as vazões de óleo e gás, os preços e custos operacionais. Além disso, neste trabalho busca-se compreender o impacto da variação do preço do óleo no comportamento dos custos no longo prazo. A relação de dependência entre as variáveis preço e custo também está presente na proposta de estimativa de reservas. Um sistema foi desenvolvido a fim de aplicar a metodologia, o que permitiu a verificação e análise dos resultados de um estudo de caso com dados reais de um campo de petróleo. Os resultados mostraram a relevância de se avaliar e quantificar as incertezas na avaliação econômica das reservas, assim como a necessidade de considerar o efeito da variação do preço do óleo nos custos operacionais. Apontase, assim, uma nova forma de estimar reservas, segundo uma abordagem probabilística, que pode impactar significativamente o volume de óleo e gás economicamente recuperável que é divulgado por uma companhia petrolífera. / [en] This study presents a probabilistic methodology for estimating oil and gas reserves. The methodology takes into account the uncertainties of important variables present in the economic evaluation of reserves, such as oil and gas production, prices, and operational costs. In addition, this research seeks to understand the impact of oil price variations on the cost behavior in the long term. The dependence relationship between price and cost is also considered in the proposed reserves estimation methodology. A system has been designed in order to apply the methodology, allowing the verification and analysis of the results in a case study with real data from an oil field. The results show the importance of evaluating and quantifying the uncertainties in the economic assessment of the reserves, as well as the need to consider the effect of oil price changes in operational costs. This research proposes, therefore, an alternative to estimating reserves, according to a probabilistic approach, which can significantly impact the volume of oil and gas economically recoverable to be disclosed by an oil company.
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Hodnocení investičního záměru / The Evaluation of the the Investments Project

Daňhel, Marek January 2012 (has links)
The project elaborated within the follow-up master´ s study programme of the M-STM Manufacturing Technology and Management in Industry branch presents an evaluation of a company investment project and recommendations whether to realize the intended investment. The diploma work sets forth an overview of theories in the field of company investment activities, company analysis, details of the investment project and its evaluation. Technical economic analysis of a part fabrication with utilization of new machine equipment, together with conclusions related to the proposed technology, form a part of the project.
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Obrábění kompozitních materiálů pomocí robotů / Robotic machining of composite materials

Rubišar, Václav January 2014 (has links)
This thesis deals with the robotic machining of composite materials. It is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is focused on detailed introduction of the term “an industrial robot” and a description of its controls, types of the robots, types of their propulsion and programming methods. Furthermore, there is a list of CAM softwares with its specification designed for both conventional machining and machining by using a robot. It also includes the introduction of composite materials and specification of their machining. The practical part deals with selection of appropriate type of bracket spindle by using a simulation software, suction design and economic evaluation of two types of machining in manufacture.

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