Economical evaluation for the improvement strategy of drinking water quality by advanced water treatment in Greter Kaohsiung District

¡§Kaohsiung Farm Irrigation Association¡¨ is taken as the researching topic. By means of ways of interviewing and documents reviewing, to observe how does the farmers from farm society make communicating relation through this farmer, unit by the nation¡H And how is the reaction of farmers from farm society to the sovereign of the nation¡H In the relation of mutual action between nation and society, the Water Conservancy Association is sometime the agent of idea and the executive of policy of the nation, also sometimes the unifier of farmers, opinions in farm society. This dual status makes the Water Conservancy Association the governmental and private function. So the Water Conservancy Association is the unit of half-official and half-civil. From the mutual action of association working station and farmers, we could find out why the nation to dominate this association. The farmers are controlled under the Water Conservancy Association and this Association will be the bridge between the nation and farmers. As to the function why the nation try to dominate the Water Conservancy Association, we could see the function of economical politics to be reached from the mutual action between the Association and farmers and the role the nation acted in the irrigation system. In the function of economical aspect, the Association meaning of existing is to promote the crop production and the quality of crop to improve the living level of farmers to reach the purpose of service. In the function of political aspect, the Association will be acted the important role during the election event. For example of ¡§Kaohsiung Farm Irrigation Association¡¨, it has been classified as the Red Party since Taiwan Restoration. The organization system of the Association is very tight and the member are numerous. The organization of this Association has the structure of Administration Dept., Working Station, Water Conservancy Team, Water Conservancy Section and basic members. Under the complete organization system, the chairman of this Association will control the huge power of the farmers, hence, the Water Conservancy Association is acted as the influential role of politics in the current society system. Anyway, the Association is still to be acted as the important role of ¡§election¡¨ in the function of politics. The Whole sovereign will be performed and realized by the particular tool or means. The nation is also not excepted. Because the nation controls the ¡§power of allocating the social resource¡¨ and ¡§personnel power of appointing ¡® removing to the chairman¡¨, the social qroup of this association could be under controllng. In other woeds, the Water Conservancy Association is under governing of the nation. and the nation policy could be performed even the farmers are dominated by the Association just because the above mentioned two powers and owned by the nation. Finally, the future developing direction of the Association will be discussed in this article. The Water Conservancy Association will face the transferring industrial society from agricultural society. The agricultural production will be largely reduced and the farming area will also be gradually decreased. In another aspect, after entering the WTO and under the liberalized demanding, the agriculture will be suffered from the serious impact. Under these situations, the farm service of this Association will also face the terrible strike. Plus the current financial trouble of the government, the Water Conservancy Association has to find out its own bright way -- Diversifying Investments.

The construction of traditional large-scale central power plants and the extension of power lines in Taiwan have tremendous difficulties in terms of land acquisition and environmental protection for a long time. In addition, one potential risk of energy supply is that over 95% of energy source is imported overseas. Therefore, the most important goal of Taiwan energy policy is to cut down the amount of energy import. To achieve the goal, it is important to explore innovatively local energy source by developing renewable and clean energy. Around the available renewable energy technologies, wind power technique is the most mature one in addition to hydraulic power generation. However due to limited land resources and restrictive regulations, it is expected that wind farm development in Taiwan can only be located offshore, instead of inland. Besides, a multi-functional wind farm site, which involves ocean farm ranch, is desirable to bring mutual benefits for both developers and local stake holders. The current study has used System Dynamics(SD) to analyze the influence of Multi-functional offshore wind farm on economic. We discuss the change of fish catch with building offshore wind farm¡Aand the change of economic output in open ocean with offshore wind farm combine marine ranching. It is therefore easy for the decision makers to comprehend the economical benefit difference if an offshore multi-functional wind farm were to develop in the future. The result of this study is building offshore wind farm will reduced the fishing revenue in a short time¡Abut the total fishing revenue will increased in a long time. The Multi-functional offshore wind farm has better economic output than offshore wind farm.

<p>The thesis has as purpose to describe and analyse a decision made be the Swedish tax committee in which it was decided that a cooperative economical associations selling price, which was less than the comparable public bonds market price, would be the focus of a withdrawal tax. There are exceptions from a withdrawal tax, that is if the transaction has a business motivation. However the concept, business motivation, is narrowly interpreted both in the preparatory works and in case law, which makes it irrelevant to the situation at hand. A cooperative economical association is a form of association nearest akin to the limited companies. These types of associations have as purpose to increase their owners wealth with the benefit of freedom from personal responsibility. The work concludes that the purpose and meaning of a withdrawal tax is necessary to secure a consistent legality and neutrality between persons conduction business and persons who do not. However, there is one part of the subject matter that seems to be unreasonable. This thesis will show that the market price taken from the public bond market, is not a legal, neutral or comparable price to estimate the full width of a withdrawal tax.</p>

The thesis has as purpose to describe and analyse a decision made be the Swedish tax committee in which it was decided that a cooperative economical associations selling price, which was less than the comparable public bonds market price, would be the focus of a withdrawal tax. There are exceptions from a withdrawal tax, that is if the transaction has a business motivation. However the concept, business motivation, is narrowly interpreted both in the preparatory works and in case law, which makes it irrelevant to the situation at hand. A cooperative economical association is a form of association nearest akin to the limited companies. These types of associations have as purpose to increase their owners wealth with the benefit of freedom from personal responsibility. The work concludes that the purpose and meaning of a withdrawal tax is necessary to secure a consistent legality and neutrality between persons conduction business and persons who do not. However, there is one part of the subject matter that seems to be unreasonable. This thesis will show that the market price taken from the public bond market, is not a legal, neutral or comparable price to estimate the full width of a withdrawal tax.

Many people have not even heard about Eritrea and even less about the free zones that is establishing there. The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding about the free zones that exits in Eritrea today. The port of Massawa is the one that the focus is upon in our thesis. The reason for the implementation of the free zones is the re-construction of the economy. The country is restoring the economy due to the fact that they had been in war with Ethiopia. Free zones are an established concept that already exists in other country’s for example Djibouti, Dubai, Sudan and so on. The free zones in Eritrea will have to show its forefeet to be competitive. We want to increase the understanding of the free zones in Eritrea and even increase the understanding for how the strategy and the project are being handled. We will use models and theories to explain how the implementation is being done in the Eritrean free zones. The models that we are going to use, will illustrate how the management can be done. The methodological chapter will describe the approached used during the entire thesis. By collecting various kinds of data, the understanding has increased. We have analyzed all data, concluded the report and offered further recommendations.

Yra labai daug kompanijų pasaulyje, kurios gamina klojinių sistemas. Šios kompanijos siūlo įvairas klojinių sistemas. Visi klojiniai yra labai panašūs ir kartu skiriasi. Klojinių sistemos nuoma reikalauja didelių investicijų. Labai svarbu padaryti tinkamą sprendimą, nustatant, kuri sistema efektyvi, o kuri ekonomiška. Visi klojinių sistemos variantai turi būti išanalizuoti taikant ekspertų metodą. Baigiamajame magistro darbe yra surinkta informacija apie Lietuvos rinkoje esančius klojinius.Techninės klojinių sistemų charakteristikos padeda palyginti vienodo tipo, įvairių firmų siūlomus klojinius. Darbą sudaro 7 dalys: įvadas, apžvalginis skyrius, analitinė – metodinė dalis, mokslinė – tiriamoji dalis, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas, priedai. Darbo apimtis – 88 p. teksto be priedų, 14 iliustr., 10 lent., 26 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. / This work is an analysis of slab formwork systems. The problem of the work is to make an algorithm to choose the most effective, technological and economic formwork system. There are a lot of companies in the world which are manufacturing formwork systems. All of them offer a big choice of formwork systems and all of systems are similar and the same time different. Formwork system purchase is requiring a big money investment. It is very important to make a right choice. So why is one formwork system better from another? Why is one more effective, technological and economical? All variants quality must be analyze to choose the best system. Using experts way information of the rates was being collected. The hierarchy of systems according to the method of closeness to ideal point is defining with the help of using special program. Structure: introduction, review chapter, analytical-methodical section, scientific-research section, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consist of: 88 p. text without extras, 14 pictures, 10 tables, 26 bibliographical entries.

Child poverty in Sweden as a social phenomenon has been highlighted in various debates and in poverty research during the recent years. Children's economic vulnerability has gotten more place in research. An interest to highlight child poverty awakened and this study highlights child poverty through a resource perspective among children in preschools. This study aims to examine how preschool teachers perceive the child's assets to various resources as well as how preschool teachers perceive the impact of the preschool where they work on children's access to these resources. The study is qualitative and has used interviews as a tool. The respondents' answers were analyzed using previous research, and Pierre Bourdieu's theoretical concepts capital, field and habitus as analytical tools. Four preschool teachers in two different preschools in the area Norsborg were interviewed. The results show that preschool teachers perceive that there are differences between children in access to different resources. Some lacks in resource assets has proven to be clearer than others, such as children's clothing. However, the causes of children's access to various resources have been harder to understand. Another result of this study is that preschools in various ways contribute to children's different resource assets by example that all activities that kids do with preschools will be free for children and their parents. Another way for preschools that affect children's access to resources is the way preschools informs the children’s parents about different activities. But there are also differences between the preschools where one of the preschools in this study allows kids to bring their own toys from home, which can contribute to resource differences between the children in the preschool. / Barnfattigdom i Sverige som ett samhällsfenomen har på senare år lyfts fram i olika debatter. Inom fattigdomsforskning har studier om just barns ekonomiska utsatthet fått allt större plats. Utifrån detta väcktes ett intresse att belysa barnfattigdom bland barn på förskolor genom ett resursperspektiv. Denna studies syfte är att undersöka hur förskolepedagoger uppfattar barns tillgångar till olika resurser samt om förskolepedagogerna uppfattar om den förskola de arbetar på påverkar barns tillgång till dessa resurser. Studien har använt sig av kvalitativa intervjuer där respondenternas svar har analyserats med hjälp av tidigare forskning och Pierre Bourdieus teoretiska begrepp fält, habitus och kapital som analysverktyg. Fyra förskolepedagoger på två olika förskolor i området Norsborg har intervjuats. Resultaten visar att förskolepedagogerna uppfattar att det finns skillnader mellan barn avseende tillgång till olika resurser. Några bestämda brister i resurstillgångar har visat sig vara tydligare än andra så som barns kläder. Däremot har det varit svårare att kartlägga orsakerna till barns olika tillgångar. Ett annat resultat av denna studie är att förskolorna på olika sätt bidrar till barns olika resurstillgångar genom exempelvis att alla aktiviteter som barnen gör med förskolorna är kostnadsfria för barn och deras föräldrar. Ett annat sätt för förskolorna att påverka barns tillgång till resurser är att förskolorna sprider information om olika fritidsaktiviter till barnens föräldrar. Men det finns även skillnader mellan förskolorna där en av förskolorna för denna studie tillåter barn att ta med egna leksaker hemifrån, vilket kan bidra till resursskillnader mellan barnen på förskolan.

The aim of the research is to identify territorial differences of the living standards between separate Lithuania municipalities and rural - urban living areas according to the specific of social and economical factors size and dispersion of territory also to clarify the reasons of these differences. It is detailed territorial research in level of municipalities, evaluating the forces which directly and indirectly effect the living standards. The cluster analyzes and grouping involves not only the specific the living standards factors but also the other social economical meanings which helps to define its territorial specific in more adequate way. Municipalities are presented according to the living standards expression and the priorities of resolution of the problems. The territorial distribution of most of the socio-economic phenomena illustrating the standard of living depends on the level of urbanization. It was found that in Lithuania, territorially adjacent municipal groups (clusters) are emerging with the characteristic specificity of occurrence of social and economic indicators illustrating the living standard. The municipal typology by the degree of performance of indicators of the standard of living was carried out, allowing identification of the priorities of problems to be addressed. The maximum state attention should be focused to the municipalities, where the values illustrating living standards are the lowest, and the priority areas of the life raising level... [to full text] / Šio tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti gyvenimo lygio teritorinius skirtumus tarp atskirų Lietuvos savivaldybių, miestų ir kaimų gyvenamųjų vietovių pagal socialinių ir ekonominių rodiklių dydžio ir teritorinės sklaidos specifiką bei išaiškinti nustatytų skirtumų priežastis. Tai išsamus teritorinis tyrimas savivaldybių lygiu, įvertinant gyvenimo lygį tiesiogiai bei netiesiogiai lemiančius veiksnius. Tyrime atlikta klasterinė analizė apima ne tik konkrečių gyvenimo lygio rodiklių bet ir jį lemiančių kitų socialinių ekonominių reiškinių reikšmes. Savivaldybės išdėstytos pagal gyvenimo lygio rodiklių pasireiškimo laipsnį ir nustatomi problemų sprendimo prioritetai jose. Daugumos socialinių - ekonominių reiškinių, nusakančių gyvenimo lygį, teritorinis pasiskirstymas priklauso nuo urbanizacijos lygio. Nustatyta, kad Lietuvoje ryškėja teritoriškai gretimų savivaldybių grupės (klasteriai) su jiems būdinga gyvenimo lygį nusakančių socialinių - ekonominių rodiklių pasireiškimo specifika: Vilniaus – Kauno įtakos zonos, Vidurio ir Vakarų Lietuvos, Šiaurės Rytų ir Pietų Lietuvos ir pasienio savivaldybių. Atlikta savivaldybių tipologija pagal gyvenimo lygio rodiklių pasireiškimo laipsnį, leidžia išskirti spręstinų problemų prioritetus. Didžiausio valstybės dėmesio turi sulaukti tos savivaldybės, kuriose gyvenimo lygį nusakančių rodiklių reikšmės yra žemiausios, o prioritetinės gyvenimo lygio gerinimo kryptys pirmiausia turi būti nukreiptos į gyventojų užimtumo bei išsilavinimo/išsimokslinimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Šio tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti gyvenimo lygio teritorinius skirtumus tarp atskirų Lietuvos savivaldybių, miestų ir kaimų gyvenamųjų vietovių pagal socialinių ir ekonominių rodiklių dydžio ir teritorinės sklaidos specifiką bei išaiškinti nustatytų skirtumų priežastis. Tai išsamus teritorinis tyrimas savivaldybių lygiu, įvertinant gyvenimo lygį tiesiogiai bei netiesiogiai lemiančius veiksnius. Tyrime atlikta klasterinė analizė apima ne tik konkrečių gyvenimo lygio rodiklių bet ir jį lemiančių kitų socialinių ekonominių reiškinių reikšmes. Savivaldybės išdėstytos pagal gyvenimo lygio rodiklių pasireiškimo laipsnį ir nustatomi problemų sprendimo prioritetai jose. Daugumos socialinių - ekonominių reiškinių, nusakančių gyvenimo lygį, teritorinis pasiskirstymas priklauso nuo urbanizacijos lygio. Nustatyta, kad Lietuvoje ryškėja teritoriškai gretimų savivaldybių grupės (klasteriai) su jiems būdinga gyvenimo lygį nusakančių socialinių - ekonominių rodiklių pasireiškimo specifika: Vilniaus – Kauno įtakos zonos, Vidurio ir Vakarų Lietuvos, Šiaurės Rytų ir Pietų Lietuvos ir pasienio savivaldybių. Atlikta savivaldybių tipologija pagal gyvenimo lygio rodiklių pasireiškimo laipsnį, leidžia išskirti spręstinų problemų prioritetus. Didžiausio valstybės dėmesio turi sulaukti tos savivaldybės, kuriose gyvenimo lygį nusakančių rodiklių reikšmės yra žemiausios, o prioritetinės gyvenimo lygio gerinimo kryptys pirmiausia turi būti nukreiptos į gyventojų užimtumo bei išsilavinimo/išsimokslinimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the research is to identify territorial differences of the living standards between separate Lithuania municipalities and rural - urban living areas according to the specific of social and economical factors size and dispersion of territory also to clarify the reasons of these differences. It is detailed territorial research in level of municipalities, evaluating the forces which directly and indirectly effect the living standards. The cluster analyzes and grouping involves not only the specific the living standards factors but also the other social economical meanings which helps to define its territorial specific in more adequate way. Municipalities are presented according to the living standards expression and the priorities of resolution of the problems. The territorial distribution of most of the socio-economic phenomena illustrating the standard of living depends on the level of urbanization. It was found that in Lithuania, territorially adjacent municipal groups (clusters) are emerging with the characteristic specificity of occurrence of social and economic indicators illustrating the living standard. The municipal typology by the degree of performance of indicators of the standard of living was carried out, allowing identification of the priorities of problems to be addressed. The maximum state attention should be focused to the municipalities, where the values illustrating living standards are the lowest, and the priority areas of the life raising level... [to full text]