This thesis is the first qualitative study of parental involvement in education regarding students in one key township high school in an undeveloped small town in southern China. This thesis aims to examine parental expectations and strategies in the voices of parents. To achieve this goal, this thesis examines the social class of the interviewed parents while considering place. It explores the distinctions in the shared thoughts embodied in life stories as parents perceive or articulate their identities and interests with the parents’ lived experiences, particularly with schooling, occupational careers, and their place identities in cities, towns, and villages. Using concepts of cultural production and penetration, defined by Paul Willis, “penetration” pertains to parents’ insights into the use of education in reflection of parents’ embodied experience and social conditions, while “cultural production” refers to the outcome of collective parental practices and a meaning-making process regarding parental involvement in education. Oral history interviews were conducted with ten families (five fathers and five mothers). This research argues that parents can be divided into two groups based on the distinction of identities of interests in schooling, occupational career, and place of identity, with one group having long-term employment and the other having short-term jobs. Therefore, two sets of parental expectations are conceptualized through penetrations: onward mobility from the periphery to the center and upward mobility from a short-term to a long-term job. Finally, all parents produce the culture of “it depends on himself/ herself” regarding parental involvement in education and conduct four types of parental strategies considering parents’ social class and children’s grades parents perceive: position, trust, ambivalence, and distance.

The International Baccalaureate (IB), a private curriculum associated largely with exclusive education for transnationally mobile upper classes, has recently began to quietly enter public, national education systems, offering its alternative, elite schooling in tuition-free state institutions. This paper explores the nuanced case of Poland, where IB diploma program is offered as one of the tracks within state schools, existing side-by-side and competing with the national curriculum. Poland, with its particular post-soviet socio-political conditions, where public schooling continuously enjoys an elite status over the failed project of private education, presents an interesting case in regards to the phenomenon. This study employs Pierre Bourdieou’s theories of capital, dispositions and social field to examine the makeup of IB classrooms in public schools in Poland, and answer how the curriculum is experienced and made sense of by the graduates. Qualitative interviews with 17 graduates present an insight into the experience of IB in 6 state schools. The study has found that IB diploma program is primarily employed in well-established, elite institutions, which follow a meritocratic logic of technical selection of only the most talented candidates. IB becomes the academic elite club within an elite club, therefore access to it is limited twofold. Accounts across the case study schools showed that IB students are characterized by access to higher volumes of different resources, allowing them to get admitted, survive the academic rigor, and continue their education abroad. Graduates from all types and locations of IB schools follow, almost exclusively, the same three trajectories according to which an IB student considers either a) going abroad to the United Kingdom, b) going abroad to the Netherlands, or c) studying medicine in Poland at the Warsaw Medical University (WUM). Finally, the study has found that students use IB strategically, to access prestigious national or international higher education. However, the conversion of the assets gained through the diploma into advantage in higher education is interrupted by the pedagogical disparity with the ‘mindless memorizing’ at national universities, as well as with the automatic downward social mobility when becoming an immigrant. The findings contribute to the debate over the democratization of international education, its accessibility and the strategic use of it on a national versus international arena.

La baisse de la fécondité permet aux couples d'investir davantage dans la scolarité de chacun de leurs enfants (évidence dans les pays occidentaux, d’Asie et d’Amérique latine). Ce postulat est l’un des arguments clés des politiques de planification familiale en Afrique subsaharienne. Pourtant, la plupart des études sur l'Afrique ont trouvé une corrélation nulle ou même une relation positive entre le nombre d'enfants dans un ménage et leur niveau de scolarité. Ces résultats mitigés sont généralement expliqués par des solidarités familiales et des transferts de ressources qui pourraient réduire la pression occasionnée par une descendance nombreuse sur les ressources du ménage, et des problèmes méthodologiques inhérents à plusieurs recherches sur la région. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’apporter une contribution à une meilleure compréhension des aspects méthodologiques et substantiels relatifs aux liens entre fécondité et scolarisation. Spécifiquement, la thèse visait à évaluer 1) le rôle des réseaux familiaux dans la scolarisation des enfants, 2) la simultanéité des décisions portant sur le nombre d’enfants et leur scolarisation, 3) l’impact causal du nombre d’enfants sur leur scolarisation, et 4) à comprendre les perceptions des parents sur l’école et les coûts et bénéfices de l’éducation des enfants, et dans quelle mesure ces perceptions sont prises en compte dans leurs stratégies reproductives. Quatre articles ont été rédigés en utilisant quatre sources de données complémentaires : l’Observatoire de population de Ouagadougou (OPO), l’enquête Demtrend, l’enquête santé de base et une enquête qualitative, toutes adossées à l’OPO. Dans le premier article, il est ressorti que les familles de grande taille bénéficient d’un appui plus fréquent des réseaux familiaux pour la scolarisation. De plus, les réseaux familiaux seraient en mesure de compenser l’effet négatif d’un nombre élevé d’enfants sur la scolarisation, mais seulement pour une partie de la population qui exclut les plus pauvres. Ainsi, les solidarités familiales de soutien à la scolarisation des enfants sont loin d’être généralisées. Le deuxième article a montré que les enfants dont les mères ont intentionnellement limité leur fécondité avaient de meilleures chances de scolarisation que ceux dont les mères ont connu des problèmes d’infécondité secondaire et n’ont pas atteint leur nombre d’enfants désiré. Par conséquent, les aspirations scolaires ne sont pas indépendantes des décisions de fécondité et l’hypothèse de fécondité naturelle n’est plus tenable dans ce contexte. Le troisième article a révélé, contrairement à la plupart des études antérieures sur l’Afrique subsaharienne, un effet négatif net de la taille de la fratrie sur le niveau d’éducation atteint des enfants, effet qui se renforce d’ailleurs au fur et à mesure que l’on avance dans le système éducatif. Dans le quatrième article, le discours des participants à l’enquête qualitative a indiqué que l’émergence de cette relation négative entre le nombre d’enfants et leur scolarisation dans les quartiers périphériques de Ouagadougou est intimement liée aux changements dans les coûts et bénéfices de l’éducation des enfants qui font reposer dorénavant de façon presque exclusive les dépenses scolaires sur les parents biologiques. / Lower fertility allows couples to invest more in each of their children’s schooling, a phenomenon that has been observed in Western rich countries, Asia and Latin America. This postulate is a key rationale of family planning policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet most studies on Africa have found no correlation or even a positive relationship between the number of children in a family and their educational attainment. These mixed results are usually explained by African family solidarity and resource transfers that might reduce pressures on household resources occasioned by many births, and methodological problems that have afflicted much research on the region. The main objective of this thesis was to contribute to a better understanding of the methodological and substantive aspects relating the links between fertility and schooling. Specifically, the thesis has assessed 1) the role of family networks in the schooling of children, 2) simultaneous decisions on the number of children and their education, 3) the causal impact of the number of children on their schooling and 4) parents' perceptions on the school and the costs and benefits of child schooling and how these perceptions are taken into account in their reproductive strategies. Four articles were written from four complementary sources of data: the Ouagadougou population Observatory (OPO), the Demtrend survey, the Baseline Health Survey and a qualitative survey; all of these surveys are based on the OPO study population. In the first article, the results show that large families receive more support of family networks for schooling than small families. In addition, family networks would be able to offset the negative effect of a high number of children on schooling, but only for a part of the population that excludes the poorest. Thus, the family solidarity for the schooling is far from universal. The results of the second article show that children whose mothers intentionally limited their fertility have better schooling than those with subfecund mothers who could not attain their desired family size. Therefore, fertility is not independent to schooling aspirations; the assumption of natural fertility is not tenable in this context. The third article show, in contrast to most prior studies on sub-Saharan Africa, a net negative effect of sibship size on the level of schooling achieved by children, one that grows stronger as they progress through the educational system. In the fourth article, the discourse of respondents collected by a qualitative survey indicate that the emergence of this negative relationship between the number of children and their schooling in the outskirts of Ouagadougou is closely linked to perceived changes in the costs and benefits of children's schooling. In present day Ouagadougou, school expenses appear to fall almost exclusively to biological parents.

This thesis focuses on the activities of the Special Education Centre, as provided to parents of children and pupils with autistic spectrum disorders in the region of Cheb, Czech Republic. The theoretical part summarizes - using the specialized literature available - basic information on the issue of autism, its complex assessment and diagnosing, and special education care with focus on the same. It specifies the forms of consulting services in the Czech Republic and the special education centre's services aimed at pupils with autistic spectrum disorders. The research part of the thesis contains the characteristics of the examined array and using a specific questionnaire, it collects information on the satisfaction of parents of pupils with autistic spectrum disorders with the special education centre's offer of services. It also analyses the degree of implementation of the individual strategies and maps out the possibilities of expanding the offer of special education care.

The aim of this thesis is to describe appropriate and threatening educational strategies that have arisen as a result of parental divorce, and based on the theoretical recommendations and research conducted among a selected group of respondents to formulate educational recommendations that minimizes problems of children from divorced families. The survey seeks to answer questions about what respondents selected as their options to manage a period around parents divorce and what made the situation worse. To achieve the objectivity of this thesis were to set partial goals: 1. To find out how the respondent assessed with hindsight suitability and unsuitability of educational strategies used by parents during divorce 2. compare their opinions with the strategies formulated in the theoretical part. The focus of this work is qualitative research, processed by using content analysis of the interview. Semi-structured interviews with selected respondents from single-parent families aged between 19 and 25 years old, reversely maps their view on the appropriate educational strategies of their parents. The interviews were analyzed based on criteria described in theoretical part. Then I individual analyse interviews and match them to accordingly. Most helpful for respondents were supportive persons which they...

The aim of this study is to investigate what educational approaches and strategies that are used by five teachers of English as a second language (ESL) and how they differ between three different schools. This was done through reviewing literature about educational approaches and strategies in ESL and analyzing the responses from a questionnaire given to five teachers in grades seven to nine at three different schools. The results showed a wide usage of the following approaches and strategies: using computers, including drama and role-playing, watching films and TV programs in English, listening to radio, news, or songs in English, using code-switching, encouraging pupils to speak like native speakers, teaching about cultures where English is spoken, and promoting discussions and social interaction.   The results of this study showed that most of the differences exist between the individual teachers rather than between the schools, when it comes to the use of and attitudes towards these approaches and strategies. However, the two which differed the most, judging from the responses, were: using code-switching and encouraging pupils to speak like native speakers. In these two cases it was possible to see differences both between specific schools and teachers.

This diploma thesis focuses on the topic of problematic behaviour of pupils with autism and medium mental retardation in an educational process. The main aim of this work is to learn about and describe teaching staff's experience with the occurrence and ways of handling problematic behaviour of these pupils. The theoretical part describes the basic terms related to autism, mental retardation and it also outlines a historical context of autism, etilogy, its classification and characteristic symptoms. The thesis also focuses on the diagnostic process in the psychological and pedagogical diagnostics, an overview of basic obligatory diagnostic tools is provided. It deals with the legislative framework of the education of pupils with autism and medium mental retardation, it describes the most common educational methods and therapeutic approaches in special schools. Next chapter defines the term problematic behaviour, outlines the diagnostic evaluations and some specific approaches to correcting such behaviour. The practical research part is based on the qualitatively-oriented methodology and it works with data gained from 11 semi-structured interviews with the school deputy directors, special pedagogues - teachers, assistant teachers - educators from three elementary schools separately established for...

L’essor fulgurant du soutien scolaire privé dans le monde témoigne d’une évolution des systèmes scolaires intégrant de plus en plus la dimension « marchande » de l’éducation. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons le cas du Japon, pays dans lequel cette tendance est très marquée, en nous intéressant notamment à la manière dont s’articule la pratique du soutien scolaire privé dans les gakushû juku et les yobikô avec la scolarisation à l’école – obligatoire au Japon – à travers les choix des familles et des individus. Notre travail, qui s’appuie principalement sur des données empiriques quantitatives et qualitatives de première et de seconde main, montre que le recours au soutien scolaire privé est devenu pour les familles un recours indispensable en complément de l’école, et cela de façon plus prononcée depuis les années 1990 qui ont marqué la mise en place de réformes néolibérales touchant les différents étages du système éducatif. Parallèlement à cette intégration progressive du soutien scolaire privé dans le système scolaire, nous mettons en évidence l’apparition depuis les années 2000 d’un phénomène de « jukuisation » des écoles, c’est-à-dire la transformation de celles-ci en un modèle marchand, qui se manifeste entre autres par une coopération de plus en plus forte entre les écoles et les entreprises de soutien scolaire privé. / The boom in shadow education worldwide shows an evolution in school systems to increasingly incorporate the commercial side of education. This thesis will explore the case of Japan, where this tendency is extremely marked, with a particular focus on the way private tutoring at gakushû juku and yobikô is interlocked with formal schooling – compulsory in Japan – through the choices made by families and individuals.My research, which draws mainly on first- and second-hand qualitative and quantitative data, shows that private tutoring has become essential for families as a complement to formal schooling. This is especially true since the 1990s, which saw neoliberal reforms implemented throughout the education system.Alongside this gradual integration of private tutoring into the education system, I highlight the appearance in recent years of a phenomenon that could be described as the « jukuization » of schools, in other words, the transformation of mainstream schools into a commercial model, notably via increasingly close cooperation between schools and private tutoring firms.

The Use of Reflective Practices in Applying Strategies Learned Through Professional Development in Social Studies Instruction. Montra L. Rogers, 2016: Applied Dissertation, Nova Southeastern University, Abraham S. Fischler College of Education. ERIC Descriptors: Reflective Teaching, Educational Strategies, Professional Development, Theory Practice Relationship, Social Studies. This applied dissertation examined how middle school social studies teachers in a large urban school district in Texas described and documented their process of self-reflection as they integrated instructional strategies learned in professional training into their social studies courses. The study further explored how social studies teachers perceived reflective practice as an element of professional development and how a reflective practice model such as reflective journaling helped middle school teachers document their process of self-reflection as they applied new strategies to their instructional approaches. The researcher explored the teachers’ actions through the concept of organization learning theory, conducted face-to-face interviews, and analyzed documents, observation notes, and journal responses to uncover the processes, practices, and perceptions of middle school social studies teachers. This study’s findings revealed that, to implement strategies learned during professional development training, participants incorporated newly learned practices into their existing practices and routines. These practices or routines included creating resources and sharing and collaborating with peers. In addition, social studies teachers documented their process of integrating the QSSSA (Question, Stem, Signal, Share, Assess) conversation strategy into their instructional approach by planning lessons that facilitated the use of the newly learned strategy, implementing said lesson, and assessing student learning. Finally, the study’s findings confirmed that professional learning experiences that include elements of reflective practices, such as professional learning communities, provided middle school teachers a greater sense of self-efficacy as they worked to integrate the QSSSA conversation strategy into their instructional routines. Furthermore, a reflective practice model such as journaling provided teachers an avenue to consider both their own practice and the individual needs of their students.

Avec l’avancée de la technologie médicale, les taux de survie des enfants avec de l’appareillage médical augmente considérablement. Un accompagnement dans les apprentissages préalables au retour à domicile représente un élément clé pour favoriser leur autonomie. Une revue de la portée a été menée selon la démarche d’Arksey et O’Malley (2005). Les objectifs étaient : 1) décrire les stratégies éducatives utilisées par les infirmières ou les infirmiers pour soutenir le retour à domicile des familles d’enfants avec de l’appareillage médical, 2) décrire comment ces stratégies éducatives intègrent des composantes clés du partenariat avec les familles basées sur le Modèle de partenariat humaniste en santé de Lecocq et al. (2022). Parmi les 6776 publications, 21 études ont été retenues. Cette revue de la portée illustre l’éventail des stratégies éducatives actuellement utilisées par les infirmières et infirmiers œuvrant auprès de ces familles. De nombreuses méthodes éducatives dont les enseignements théoriques, la lecture de matériel écrit, la pratique supervisée et la simulation clinique à l’aide de mannequins simulateurs ont été observés. Lors de l’analyse de ces stratégies éducatives, trois composantes clés de partenariat ont émergé. Afin d’engager un partenariat optimal avec ces familles, le partage des responsabilités, la mise à contribution de leurs expériences ainsi que la coopération pourraient être davantage intégrées dans les stratégies éducatives. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour explorer les retombées de ces stratégies et comprendre l’articulation de ces composantes du modèle de partenariat avec les familles dans le développement de ces stratégies. / With advances in medical technology, the survival rates of children requiring medical equipment have improved. The education provided by nurses is crucial, as families are required to perform medical tasks at home. The scoping review had two objectives: 1) to describe the educational strategies used by nurses to support the hospital-to-home process of families with children requiring medical equipment, 2) to describe how these educational strategies incorporate key components of family partnership. Following Arksey and O'Malley’s (2005) approach and guided by the humanistic partnership model in healthcare by Lecocq et al. (2022), 21 studies out of 6776 publications were reviewed, from those studies, three main components of partnership emerged. These studies revealed a variety of educational methods among the strategies retrieved. The scoping review provides insights into the range of educational strategies currently used by nurses working with families of children requiring medical equipment. The humanistic partnership model by Lecocq et al. (2022) made it possible to identify the key components of partnership in the studies, including cooperation, shared responsibility, and involvement in care. To establish optimal partnerships with these families, these key concepts should be emphasised during the development of educational strategies. Further research is needed to explore the outcomes of these strategies and understand how the components of a family partnership model are integrated into the development of these strategies.