Com efeito, diversos estudos nas áreas de psicologia cognitiva e pedagogia apontam que cada indivíduo possui diferentes maneiras de captar, processar, analisar e organizar informações durante o processo de aprendizado, o que fundamenta o conceito de Estilos de Aprendizagem (EA). Em vista disso, diversos sistemas educacionais adaptativos foram propostos com o intuito de proporcionar conteúdo personalizado em seus cursos. Porém, em boa parte dos casos, estes sistemas fazem uso de questionários para identificar os estilos de aprendizagem, e este método pode mostrar-se inviável em algumas situações. Isso ocorre pois o preenchimento dos questionários demanda um esforço adicional por parte do aluno, além fazer uma avaliação estática dos EA, desconsiderando possíveis variações em suas preferências ao longo do tempo. Supõe-se que uma estratégia de detecção automática e dinâmica dos EA baseada no comportamento dos estudantes pode ser mais proveitosa neste sentido, pois é isenta destas limitações. Deste modo, a proposta neste trabalho é investigar diferentes técnicas relacionadas ao aprendizado de máquina (especialmente algoritmos de classificação) aplicadas à predição automática dos estilos de aprendizagem de estudantes, a partir de suas interações em um ambiente virtual de ensino. Dentre os inúmeros modelos de EA propostos na literatura, optou-se por usar o modelo de Felder-Silverman como base para os experimentos. Como estudo de caso, foram rastreadas as interações de 105 estudantes de um curso de pós-graduação em fonoaudiologia ministrado integralmente pelo sistema Moodle. Além disso, estes alunos foram solicitados a responder ao questionário ILS, o qual indica a preferência de cada indivíduo de acordo com o modelo de Felder-Silverman. Para a construção dos conjuntos de dados, foram coletadas informações como a quantidade de visitas, tempo gasto e interação dos usuários em cada tipo de recurso (recursos de vídeo, formulários de avaliação, fórum, etc.). Estes conjuntos de dados no formato atributo-valor serviram de entrada para quatro algoritmos de classificação: Naïve Bayes, aprendizado baseado em instâncias (kNN), Redes Neurais Artificiais (MultiLayer Perceptron) e Árvores de Decisão (J48), combinados com métodos de seleção de atributos e executados em validação cruzada. Para fins de experimentação, foram avaliadas as taxas de acertos e erros dos algoritmos em relação aos resultados apontados pelo questionário ILS, em cada umas das dimensões do modelo de Felder-Silverman. Os resultados apontaram para o uso de mais de um classificador - Naïve Bayes e aprendizagem baseada em instância - dependendo da dimensão do estilo de aprendizagem. A metodologia aplicada foi comparada com sete trabalhos correlatos da literatura; Os resultados demonstraram uma performance superior aos trabalhos anteriores em quase todas as dimensões. Portanto, o presente trabalho contribui para o contexto da informática aplicada à educação, especificamente no que diz respeito à implementação de sistemas educacionais adaptativos, com base em uma análise comparativa entre diferentes técnicas aplicadas ao mesmo problema. Sendo assim, as conclusões obtidas devem colaborar para o aprimoramento do processo de modelagem de estudantes. Além disso, são levantadas discussões a respeito dos resultados, que podem auxiliar na direção de futuros trabalhos da área. / In fact, several studies in the areas of cognitive psychology and pedagogy point out that each individual has different ways of capturing, processing, analyzing and organizing information during the learning process, which supports the concept of Learning Styles (LS). Therefore, several adaptive educational systems were proposed with the aim of providing personalized content in their courses. However, in most cases, these systems use questionnaires to identify learning styles, and this method may prove unfeasible in some situations. This is because filling in the questionnaires requires an additional effort on the part of the student, besides, this approach makes a static evaluation of the LS, disregarding possible variations in their preferences over time. It is assumed that an automatic and dynamic detection of LS based on student behavior may be more useful in this sense, since it is exempt from these limitations. In this way, the proposal in this work is to investigate different techniques related to machine learning (especially classification algorithms) applied to the automatic prediction of student learning styles, based on their interactions in a virtual teaching environment. Among the many LS models proposed in the literature, we chose to use the Felder-Silverman model (FSLSM). As a case study, the interactions of 105 students from a post-graduate course in speech therapy were studied. In addition, these students were asked to respond to the ILS questionnaire, which indicates the preference of each individual according to FSLSM. In order to construct the data sets, information was collected such as the number of visits, time spent and user interaction in each type of resource (video resources, evaluation forms, forum, etc.). These data sets in the attribute-value format served as input to four classification algorithms: Naïve Bayes, instance-based learning (kNN), MultiLayer Perceptron and Decision Trees (J48), combined with attribute selection methods and executed in cross-validation. For the experimentation, the accuracy and error rates of the algorithms were evaluated in relation to the results indicated by the ILS questionnaire, in each one of FSLSM dimensions. Our results pointed out to the use of more than one classifier, Naïve Bayes and Instance-based Learning, depending on the learning style dimension. We compared our methodology to seven works of the literature; the results demonstrated a performance superior to the previous works in almost every dimension. The present work contributes to the context of informatics applied to education, specifically with regard to the implementation of adaptive educational systems, based on a comparative analysis of different methods applied to the same problem. Therefore, the conclusions obtained should contribute to the improvement of the student modeling process. In addition, discussions are held regarding the results, which may assist in the direction of future work in this area.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-16T13:38:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lilianedepaulamendonca.pdf: 840671 bytes, checksum: d3415357a9f75507728dd90212a86318 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T14:14:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lilianedepaulamendonca.pdf: 840671 bytes, checksum: d3415357a9f75507728dd90212a86318 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:14:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lilianedepaulamendonca.pdf: 840671 bytes, checksum: d3415357a9f75507728dd90212a86318 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / A difusão global de políticas públicas em sociedades em desenvolvimento na década de noventa, apresenta-se como um processo consolidado de adoção de políticas estruturadoras em especial, no campo da educação. Essas políticas se afirmam pela implementação de políticas e programas nacionais e subnacionais, voltados para subsidiar e orientar a política educacional na Educação Básica. Nos países do continente latino-americano as avaliações de eficácia escolar passam a corresponder aos modelos de políticas de resultados implementados no período pós-reforma. Considerando a influência do Banco Mundial na definição das políticas adotadas no continente, a pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o processo de difusão de modelos de avaliação de políticas em larga escala no contexto da modernização da gestão da educação, em países recém-democratizados na América Latina. A metodologia da pesquisa aborda os estudos comparativos internacionais de política educacional pública. Em uma análise investigativa e exploratória dos modelos de avaliação aplicados no continente, espera-se demonstrar como o processo de adoção de modelos de política de avaliação de sistemas educacionais materializou em países como Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Mexico, na década de 1990. Constatou-se que no continente latino-americano, o processo decisório dos governos nacionais foi balizado em uma visão desenvolvimentista, apoiado no processo de descentralização do setor educacional e influenciado institucionalmente pelo Banco Mundial. O processo ocorre pelo consenso dos governos latino-americanos à expertise do Banco Mundial no delineamento de modelos de políticas de avaliação em larga escala em sua maioria em caráter amostral. No nível subnacional, em especial no Brasil, a adoção das políticas públicas de avaliação em larga escala apresenta-se articulada na esfera nacional, contudo, a sua difusão localiza-se na autonomia e no protagonismo dos governos estaduais, em um processo de aprendizagem política, a partir da rede horizontal de desenhos políticos avaliativos que se estabelecem no país, os quais disseminam inovações que tendem a contribuir para um processo hegemônico de difusão de modelos avaliativos censitários na federação. / The global diffusion of public policies in developing societies in the 1990's, is presented as a consolidated adoption process of structuring policies in particular in the field of education. These public policies are stated by implementing the national and subnational policies and programs, suitable to subsidize the policy of the Basic Education. In the countries of the Latin American continent the assessment of school effectiveness shall correspond to the models of policies result implemented in the post-reform period. Considering the influence of the World Bank in shaping policies adopted on the continent, the survey's purpose is to analyze the diffusion process of policy evaluation models on a large scale in the context of modernization of education management in newly democratized countries in Latin America. The methodology approaches the interpretation of official documents by the international comparative studies of educational public policy. In an investigative and exploratory analysis of the assessment models implemented on the continent, is expected to demonstrate how the process of adoption of models of evaluation of educational systems policy materialized in countries like Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico, in the 1990's. It was found that in the Latin American continent, the decision-making process by national governments was marked in a developmental vision, supported the decentralization process in the education sector and institutionally influenced by the World Bank. The process occurs by consensus of Latin American governments to the expertise of the World Bank, in the design of policy models of large-scale evaluation mostly in sample character. On a subnational level, specifically in Brazil, the adoption of the public policies assessment, to a large extent, is nationally articulate. Nevertheless, its propagation is connected with the autonomy and protagonism of the state governments, in a process of learning policy from the horizontal network of an evaluative political process which is stablished in the country , and that promulgate innovations to contribute to a hegemonic diffusion of the assessment census patterninnovations to contribute to a hegemonic diffusion of the assessment census pattern

Orientador: Agueda Bernadete Bittencourt / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T02:03:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zoca_AndreaCristina_M.pdf: 1600089 bytes, checksum: d1a427b2383d4d5dfbc73aceaa4277f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa busca compreender a entrada dos assistentes sociais no sistema educacional e suas implicações, considerando hoje um trabalho em expansão em alguns Estados brasileiros, como São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Teve por objetivo analisar o surgimento do Serviço Social Escolar de Limeira, um setor premiado com o Selo Prata pelo Programa da Qualidade Total na Educação. Utilizando análise documental e entrevistas, observamos que o Serviço Social Escolar incorporou práticas da Gestão da Qualidade Total na Educação, delineada pelo grupo que se nomeará por Comitê Executivo. Assim, meu primeiro problema foi entender a entrada no espaço educacional de Limeira de uma linguagem empresarial encabeçada pela ideia de qualidade total, nos serviços prestados. Essa investigação evidenciou a existência de relações de forças locais que alimentam e validam esse espaço de trabalho para os assistentes sociais. A partir de tais constatações, mostrou-se relevante compreender, as práticas dos agentes do Serviço Social Escolar, evidenciadas pela análise de prontuários e fichas de alunos do arquivo do assistente social de uma escola de educação infantil e ensino fundamental. A análise oferece uma aproximação de novas formas de controle e enquadramento pela via da escola. Permite-nos perceber que a criação deste espaço de trabalho não é uma conquista desta categoria, mas sim o resultado de um jogo de interesses que leva a inserção de assistentes sociais nos espaços escolares. / Abstract: This research seeks to understand the entrance of social assistants in the educational system and its implications, considering today a work in expansion in some Brazilian states such as Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. It had as objective to analyze the appearing of Scholar Social Service of Limeira, a sector prized with the Silver Stamp for the Total Quality Program in Education, formed by the group that will be named as Executive Committee. So, my first problem was to understand this entrance in the educational space in Limeira of an enterprise language headed by the total quality idea, in the services done. This investigation evidenced the existence of local forces relations that feed and valid this work space for the social assistants. From such facts, it was shown relevant to understand, the practices of the Scholar Social Service agents, evidenced by assessments analyses and students' profiles of the social assistant file of a pre and primary school. The analyses offer an approach of a new way of controlling and fitting by the school. It allows us to notice that the creation of this work space is not a conquest of this category but the result of a game of interests that leads to the insertion of social assistants in the scholar spaces. / Mestrado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Mestre em Educação

The thesis deals with the comparison of the 27 European educational systems. The topic covers all main aspects of education funding system at higher education level and defines the impact of funding policy on educational standard. The following part of the thesis aims at key issues of tertiary education in other countries of the European Union. The topic focuses on the main policy goals of public funding, different forms of funding mechanisms, financial autonomy and control, the extent to which access to educational institutions is free, private contributions, the system of grants, scholarships, loans and other financial and social support for learners and their families. It is described their common features and their specifics. The thesis deals with the different approach of funding higher education in time of economic growth and recession. The last part of this thesis is devoted to grouping of states based on the defined information and other data of tertiary education and to determining the sequence of the states of the European Union by the standard of education.

Sistemas educacionais possuem diversas funcionalidades capazes de apoiar a interação entre alunos e professores de maneira dinâmica, síncrona e assíncrona. Uma das formas de monitorar a eficácia do processo educacional e por meio da utilização dos dados armazenados nesses sistemas como fonte de informação. Pesquisas em Learning Analytics, Academic Analytics e Mineração de Dados Educacionais, buscam explorar os dados de sistemas educacionais utilizando processamento analítico e técnicas de mineração de dados. No entanto, há uma serie de fatores que dificultam a gestão eficiente do processo educacional a partir dos dados de sistemas educacionais. A transformação de dados provenientes de diferentes tipos de sistemas educacionais, como Sistemas de Gestão de Aprendizagem e Sistemas Acadêmicos, e uma tarefa complexa devido a natureza heterogênea dos dados. Dados provenientes desses sistemas podem ser analisados considerando diferentes stakeholders, sob varias perspectivas e níveis de granularidade. Neste cenário, um modelo de referência para a descoberta de conhecimento a partir de dados de sistemas educacionais, denominado Modelo de Referência de Dados Educacionais (EDRM), foi desenvolvido neste trabalho. O EDRM e um modelo dimensional no formato star schema, estruturado em um Data Warehouse, projetado para ser uma fonte única de dados integrados e correlacionados voltada a tomada de decisão. Assim, e possível armazenar dados de diversas fontes, combina-los e, por fim, realizar analises que levem as instituições a desenvolver uma melhor compreensão, rastrear tendências e descobrir lacunas e ineficiências acerca do processo educacional. Neste trabalho, o EDRM foi validado por meio de um estudo de caso, utilizando bases de dados reais coletadas de diferentes sistemas educacionais. Os resultados mostram que o EDRM e eficiente em tarefas com diferentes objetivos, utilizando processamento analítico e mineração de dados. / Educational systems support dynamic, synchronous and asynchronous interaction between students and educators. Researches in Learning Analytics, Academic Analytics and Educational Data Mining explore data from educational systems for knowledge discovery through analytical processing, statistical analysis and data mining. However, there are some factors that hinder an efficient management of the educational process. The transformation of data from different kinds of educational system, as Learning Management Systems and Student Information Systems, can be even more difficult due to data heterogeneity. Data from these systems can be analyzed considering different stakeholders, under different perspectives and under different granularities. Motivated by this scenario, in this work we propose Modelo de Referência de Dados Educacionais (EDRM), a reference data model for knowledge discovery in data from educational systems. EDRM is an analytical model structured under a Data Warehouse architecture following a multidimensional data model. EDRM is projected for being an resource of integrated and correlated data focused in decision taking in the educational process. EDRM was developed considering a deep analysis of data and functionalities from different educational systems. In this sense, data from different kinds of systems and sources can be used unified, integrated and consistently. This allows institutions to better comprehend their data, as well as discover patterns, gaps and inefficiencies about their educational process. In this work, EDRM was validated in a case study using real-world databases from different educational systems. The results indicate that EDRM is efficient in tasks with different objectives, using Learning Analytics and Educational Data Mining techniques, and analyzing different perspectives.

The main argument of this thesis is that research has to take the institutional character of education seriously. Educational institutions carry considerable weight for outcomes of education and their design is a matter of intense political debate. This work focuses in particular on the institution of tracking that has wide-reaching consequences for the structure of education. The thesis consists of an introductory essay, together with three empirical essays. The empirical essays all acknowledge the main argument but study different outcomes and relationships connected to education. Essay I studies how the institutions of political economy and education together affect equality of income and equality of educational opportunity. This essay contributes to the literature by distinguishing the effects of the different institutions of political economy and education, as well as how they interact to affect the two contrasting conceptions of equality. The results reveal that tracking hinders equality of educational opportunity but is also related to better incomes for vocational education graduates in certain institutional settings. Wage bargaining coordination reinforces the more equal educational opportunities of weakly tracked contexts and improves the relative income of vocational graduates in these contexts. Essay II explores how education and tracking affect social trust. It makes two contributions. First, the empirical approach provides strong support for causal inference. Second, it is the first study to consider how tracking affects social trust. The empirical evidence finds no general effect of educational attainment on social trust, but decreasing tracking has a positive effect on social trust for individuals who come from weakly educated backgrounds. Essay III aims to explain cross-country differences in tracking by focusing on the impact of government partisanship. The study contributes to the literature by being the first comparative study to explore how partisan politics may explain differences in tracking and being one of few comparative studies there are on the topic at all. The results show that tracking is strongly related to a dominance of Christian democratic governments, whereas detracking reforms have mainly been carried out by social democratic governments.

The final thesis is focused on comparative analysis of the educational systems in Finland and the Czech Republic. The purpose is to analyze the educational systems, compare them and find a solution for improvement in the tertiary education system in the Czech Republic. The purpose of the empirical part of this final thesis is to assess the potential impact of the introduction of tuition fees for non-European students in Finland. Comparative analysis and responses to questionnaires was used to find solutions and make suggestions for improving to the Czech education system.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Conference on “Models in Developing Mathematics Education” held from September 11-17, 2009 at The University of Applied Sciences, Dresden, Germany. The Conference was organized jointly by The University of Applied Sciences and The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project - a non-commercial international educational project founded in 1986. The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project is dedicated to the improvement of mathematics education world-wide through the publication and dissemination of innovative ideas. Many prominent mathematics educators have supported and contributed to the project, including the late Hans Freudental, Andrejs Dunkels and Hilary Shuard, as well as Bruce Meserve and Marilyn Suydam, Alan Osborne and Margaret Kasten, Mogens Niss, Tibor Nemetz, Ubi D’Ambrosio, Brian Wilson, Tatsuro Miwa, Henry Pollack, Werner Blum, Roberto Baldino, Waclaw Zawadowski, and many others throughout the world. Information on our project and its future work can be found on Our Project Home Page http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21project.htm It has been our pleasure to edit all of the papers for these Proceedings. Not all papers are about research in mathematics education, a number of them report on innovative experiences in the classroom and on new technology. We believe that “mathematics education” is fundamentally a “practicum” and in order to be “successful” all new materials, new ideas and new research must be tested and implemented in the classroom, the real “chalk face” of our discipline, and of our profession as mathematics educators. These Proceedings begin with a Plenary Paper and then the contributions of the Principal Authors in alphabetical name order. We sincerely thank all of the contributors for their time and creative effort. It is clear from the variety and quality of the papers that the conference has attracted many innovative mathematics educators from around the world. These Proceedings will therefore be useful in reviewing past work and looking ahead to the future.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Conference on “Turning Dreams into Reality: Transformations and Paradigm Shifts in Mathematics Education” held from September 11-17, 2011 at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. The Conference was organized jointly by Rhodes University and The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project - an international educational project founded in 1986. Our Project is dedicated to the improvement of mathematics education world-wide through the publication and dissemination of innovative ideas. Many prominent mathematics educators have supported and contributed to the project, including the late Hans Freudental, Andrejs Dunkels and Hilary Shuard, as well as Bruce Meserve and Marilyn Suydam, Alan Osborne and Margaret Kasten, Mogens Niss, Tibor Nemetz, Ubi D’Ambrosio, Brian Wilson, Tatsuro Miwa, Henry Pollack, Werner Blum, Roberto Baldino, Waclaw Zawadowski, and many others throughout the world. Information on our project and its future work can be found on our Project home page http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21project.htm . In this year, 2011, we celebrate the 25th anniversary of the founding of our Project, when Manmohan Singh Arora suggested the idea to Fayez Mina and myself around a swimming pool in Bahrain (of all places!) That first meeting was, however, typical of the multi-cultured and global character of our Project and it’s subsequent conferences throughout the world. These Proceedings begin with the Plenary Papers and then the other contributions in alphabetical name order of the principal authors. We sincerely thank all of the contributors for their time and creative effort. It is clear from the variety and quality of the papers that the conference has attracted many innovative mathematics educators from around the world.

This volume contains the papers presented at the International Conference on “Models in Developing Mathematics Education” held from September 11-17, 2009 at The University of Applied Sciences, Dresden, Germany. The Conference was organized jointly by The University of Applied Sciences and The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project - a non-commercial international educational project founded in 1986. The Mathematics Education into the 21st Century Project is dedicated to the improvement of mathematics education world-wide through the publication and dissemination of innovative ideas. Many prominent mathematics educators have supported and contributed to the project, including the late Hans Freudental, Andrejs Dunkels and Hilary Shuard, as well as Bruce Meserve and Marilyn Suydam, Alan Osborne and Margaret Kasten, Mogens Niss, Tibor Nemetz, Ubi D’Ambrosio, Brian Wilson, Tatsuro Miwa, Henry Pollack, Werner Blum, Roberto Baldino, Waclaw Zawadowski, and many others throughout the world. Information on our project and its future work can be found on Our Project Home Page http://math.unipa.it/~grim/21project.htm It has been our pleasure to edit all of the papers for these Proceedings. Not all papers are about research in mathematics education, a number of them report on innovative experiences in the classroom and on new technology. We believe that “mathematics education” is fundamentally a “practicum” and in order to be “successful” all new materials, new ideas and new research must be tested and implemented in the classroom, the real “chalk face” of our discipline, and of our profession as mathematics educators. These Proceedings begin with a Plenary Paper and then the contributions of the Principal Authors in alphabetical name order. We sincerely thank all of the contributors for their time and creative effort. It is clear from the variety and quality of the papers that the conference has attracted many innovative mathematics educators from around the world. These Proceedings will therefore be useful in reviewing past work and looking ahead to the future.