Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) has been seen as a strategy to reduce poverty while maintaining and increasing the supply of ecosystem services. Vietnam is the first country in Southeast Asia to implement PES as a law for forest protection. Several studies of PES in Vietnam have been done, where the positive results tend to come from provinces with higher payments. This also seem to correlate with the level of environmental awareness and engagement among local communities. In this study, interviews with NGOs and institutions were conducted with the purpose to investigate their perception of the understanding of PES on a local level, and how they are working for improvements. All interviewees recognized that there are problems with the top-down design of the policy and raised issues such as lack of communication, low and risky payments and low rates of engagement within local communities. The interviewees are working for improvements from different angles and levels. The effectivity approach has led to an overall higher understanding of PES in Vietnam, whilst a more fair approach might be needed to achieve a long-term change of behaviour.

Orientador: Carlos Fonseca Brandão / Banca: Maria Cristina Gomes Machado / Banca: Raquel Lazari Leite Barbosa / Resumo: As expectativas de ensino-aprendizagem dos adolescentes da 8ª série do município de Palotina-PR é um texto que propõe uma reflexão/análise sobre o adolescente no interior da escola. Este estudo objetiva apresentar o que os jovens estudantes de 8ª série do ensino fundamental, de escolas públicas e particulares de Palotina esperam da escola, o que sugerem ser importante estudar, como estes jovens percebem o processo socioeducativo, ou seja, as relações afetivas entre si e com os demais sujeitos do processo ensino/aprendizagem na escola. Educadores modernos defendem a afetividade que se manifesta na relação professor/aluno como constituinte inseparável do processo de construção do conhecimento. Os estudos mais recentes apontam qualidade da interação pedagógica responsável para dar um sentido afetivo para o objeto de conhecimento. A construção de uma escola democrática talvez seja um desafio possível de ser superado com o compromisso político e com a compreensão da multidimensionalidade do processo ensino/aprendizagem. Como uma nova proposta é aceita pelos alunos/adolescentes? A proposta inovadora das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais está correspondendo às expectativas do aluno de 8ª série? Pretende-se aprofundar este tema sem a pretensão de esgotá-lo, mas buscar um diálogo do ponto de vista dos adolescentes. / Abstract: The expectations of teach-learning of the adolescents of 8ª series of the city of Palotina-PR is a text that considers a reflection/analysis on the adolescent in the interior of the school. This objective study to present what the young students of 8ª series of basic education, of public and particular schools of Palotina wait of the school, what they suggest to be important to study, as these young perceives the socioeducativo process, that is, the affective relations between itself and with the too much citizens of the process education/learning in the school. Modern educators defend the affectivity that if manifest in the relation professor/non-separable pupil as constituent of the process of construction of the knowledge. The studies most recent point quality of the responsible pedagogical interaction to give an affective direction with respect to the knowledge object. The construction of a democratic school perhaps either a possible challenge of being surpassed with the commitment politician and the understanding of the multidimensionalidade of the process education/learning. How new a proposal is accepted for the adolescent pupils/? The proposal innovative of the National Curricular Lines of direction is corresponding to the expectations of the pupil of 8ª series? It is intended to deepen this subject without the pretension to deplete it, but to search a dialogue of the point of view of the adolescents. / Mestre

Dans un environnement électronique tel qu'Internet, les relations s'établissant entre les entreprises en ligne et les internautes doivent se dérouler dans un climat de confiance. Cette considération, particulièrement importante eu égard au traitement des données personnelles, doit conduire les commerçants électroniques à respecter un certain nombre de principes en la matière. Ces principes sont relatifs au consentement, à la collecte, à l'utilisation, à la communication, à la sécurité, à l'exactitude (droit d'accès et de rectification), et à la destruction. Ils sont énoncés en termes généraux dans des instruments de nature législative, comme les Lignes directrices de l'OCDE, la Convention 108 du Conseil de l'Europe, la Directive 95/46/CE du Parlement européen et du conseil, la Loi Informatique et Libertés, la Loi sur le secteur privé, la Loi C-6. Cependant, compte tenu de la dimension transfrontalière du réseau, ces protections ne suffisent pas à elles seules à instaurer un climat de confiance, leur application étant limitée dans l'espace. Par conséquent, et pour tenir compte de la logique actuelle, il convient de reconnaître l'émergence de nouvelles normes susceptibles d'encadrer les renseignements personnels qui circulent sur les sites de commerce en ligne. Des garanties complémentaires de nature autoréglementaire se développent donc sous la forme de politiques de confidentialité, de labels de qualité ou de standards comme le Platform for Privacy Preferences. Toutefois, la logique sous-jacente de ces garanties soulève des questions quant à leur effectivité et à leur contrôle tant par des autorités publiques que par des associations privées. / In an electronic environment such as Internet, relationships between on-line companies and web users must proceed in a c1imate of trust. This consideration, particularly significant in regard to the processing of personal data, must bring the cyber merchant to respect a number ofprinciples from which trust can emerge. These principles pertain to consent, collection, use, disclosure, safety, accuracy (access and correction rights), and destruction of personal data. They are expressed in general terms in legislative instruments such as the OECD Guidelines on Privacy, the Council of Europe Convention 108, the European Parliament and of the Council Directive 95/46/CE, the Loi Informatique et Libertés, the Loi sur le secteur privé and the Act C-6. However, taking into account the transborder nature of Internet data exchanges, these protections alone are not enough to create a c1imate of trust, their application being limited in space. Consequently, and to take in account CUITent legal protections, it is possible to acknowledge the development of new standards to manage the movements of personal data on commercial web sites. Guarantees like privacy policies, seals or standards like Platform for Privacy Preferences are developed to complement legislative instruments. However, the underlying logic of these guarantees raises questions regarding their effectivity and the control public and private authorities may assert over them. / "Thèse en vue de l'obtention du grade de docteur en droit de l'Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II) et de docteur en droit de la faculté de droit de l'Université de Montréal en droit privé"

Figure classique dans l’univers juridique, l’opposabilité a peu à peu gagné le champ des droits et libertés. Inscrit dans le discours du droit positif, le concept a par la suite suscité un engouement doctrinal, de sorte qu’il s’est trouvé enserré dans un magma hétérogène de discours juridiques générés par une pluralité d’acteurs. Une approche analytique et critique de ces discours a été déployée en vue d’une clarification et in fine d’une meilleure compréhension de la matière des droits et libertés. La recherche a permis de jeter de la lumière sur la confusion sémantique qui caractérise le concept. En tant que figure conceptuelle, l’opposabilité admet une variation de significations qui l’associent à des idées plurielles. En tant que qualificatif rapporté soit aux droits et libertés eux-mêmes, soit à des catégories doctrinales par référence auxquelles leurs effets sont appréhendés et pensés, l’opposabilité devient floue par l’ambiguïté des objets auxquels elle est associée. Mais la recherche a pu également expliquer le caractère opératoire de cette figure pour les différents acteurs qui la mobilisent. Au regard des acteurs du droit, cette utilité se comprend au regard des difficultés que suscite l’appréhension des évolutions de la matière. Son caractère opératoire a pu être spécialement mis en exergue par rapport aux interactions entre ces acteurs et les stratégies de chacun pour la transformation du droit en vigueur. Au regard de la science du droit, sa valeur instrumentale a été relativisée vis-à-vis d’autres instruments conceptuels par la démonstration des vertus de la garantie d’une économie conceptuelle. / Classic figure in the legal world, opposability has gradually gained the field of rights and liberties. Inscribed in the discourse of positive law, it had been placed in a heterogeneous magma legal discourse generated by a plurality of actors. An analytical and critical approach of these speeches was deployed for a clarification and, ultimately, a better understanding of the subject of rights and liberties. The research has clarified the semantic confusion that characterizes the word. As a conceptual figure, opposability experiences variations of meanings that associate it with a plural ideas. As qualifying adjective reported from the rights and liberties ilselves, either doctrinal categories by reference to which their effects are apprehended and thought, opposability becomes blurred by the ambiguity of the objects to which it is associated. But research has also been able to explain the operational nature of this figure for the different actors who mobilize. In view of actors law, this utility is understood in relation to difficulties arising from the apprehension of developments in the matter. Its operational nature has been especially highlighted in relation to interactions between these actors and strategies for each of the transformation of the law. In view of the science of law, its instrumental value was relativized vis-à-vis other conceptual tools by demonstrating the virtues of the guarantee of a conceptual economy.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_hc_me_mar.pdf: 376998 bytes, checksum: 61988f102b6109bf06b4febd1679eb49 (MD5) / As expectativas de ensino-aprendizagem dos adolescentes da 8ª série do município de Palotina-PR é um texto que propõe uma reflexão/análise sobre o adolescente no interior da escola. Este estudo objetiva apresentar o que os jovens estudantes de 8ª série do ensino fundamental, de escolas públicas e particulares de Palotina esperam da escola, o que sugerem ser importante estudar, como estes jovens percebem o processo socioeducativo, ou seja, as relações afetivas entre si e com os demais sujeitos do processo ensino/aprendizagem na escola. Educadores modernos defendem a afetividade que se manifesta na relação professor/aluno como constituinte inseparável do processo de construção do conhecimento. Os estudos mais recentes apontam qualidade da interação pedagógica responsável para dar um sentido afetivo para o objeto de conhecimento. A construção de uma escola democrática talvez seja um desafio possível de ser superado com o compromisso político e com a compreensão da multidimensionalidade do processo ensino/aprendizagem. Como uma nova proposta é aceita pelos alunos/adolescentes? A proposta inovadora das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais está correspondendo às expectativas do aluno de 8ª série? Pretende-se aprofundar este tema sem a pretensão de esgotá-lo, mas buscar um diálogo do ponto de vista dos adolescentes. / The expectations of teach-learning of the adolescents of 8ª series of the city of Palotina-PR is a text that considers a reflection/analysis on the adolescent in the interior of the school. This objective study to present what the young students of 8ª series of basic education, of public and particular schools of Palotina wait of the school, what they suggest to be important to study, as these young perceives the socioeducativo process, that is, the affective relations between itself and with the too much citizens of the process education/learning in the school. Modern educators defend the affectivity that if manifest in the relation professor/non-separable pupil as constituent of the process of construction of the knowledge. The studies most recent point quality of the responsible pedagogical interaction to give an affective direction with respect to the knowledge object. The construction of a democratic school perhaps either a possible challenge of being surpassed with the commitment politician and the understanding of the multidimensionalidade of the process education/learning. How new a proposal is accepted for the adolescent pupils/? The proposal innovative of the National Curricular Lines of direction is corresponding to the expectations of the pupil of 8ª series? It is intended to deepen this subject without the pretension to deplete it, but to search a dialogue of the point of view of the adolescents.

The aim of this thesis is to study remuneration effectivity in chosen company. In general, remuneration is both financial and non-financial rewarding, but also the philosophy, strategy, policy, plans and methods used by companies in organizing and maintaining their wage systems. The first part of the thesis analyses the theories of remuneration, labourelationlaw relations and productivity of labour in relation to remuneration. In the second part, the description and analysis of wage system and effectivity of this system in a company is conducted. Conclusion consists mainly of the recommendations how to improve the this system to be more effective in the company.

The master thesis focuses on effective and efficient use of supply chain management in a corporation with international scope of trade and its related risks, costs and efficiency management across the supply chain. The theoretical part includes basic foundations of the problematics, such as current trends, innovations, fundamental management strategies and the most popular methodologies used in analysing the supply chain management. The practical part of the thesis focuses on the analysis and comparison of set-ups and approaches towards efficient supply chain management among nine international corporations based on interviews with employees from each of the company. The goal of the thesis is to answer the research questions and come to a conclusion about how the companies could positively manage the problematics related to effective supply chain management.

Title: Dependence of football clubs' market value on their result in selected European competitions Objectives: The main objective is to determine the strength of the relationship between the market value of football clubs and their result in selected European competitions. Another objective is to compare these relationships between individual leagues or groups of leagues (big, medium, small). Methods: Correlation and regression analysis were used for the calculation of the strength of the relationships. Regression analysis showed which of the teams influenced the strength of the relationship with their weaker or stronger performance. Effectivity was also calculated for another option of comparing the teams. Results: As the results show we can observe a certain dependency of the result of the clubs on their market value. In the leagues with weakest relationships (0,562 and 0,565) we can notice a particular influence of uncommon performances by the leaders and underdogs. In other leagues the relationship varies between 0,651 and 0,877, which shows very strong relationship between the market value and achieved result. Effectivity-wise it was observed, that the most effective teams are usually the ones with lower market values and they usually place in the lower half of the table. Whereas the least...

The theses entitled "Radio newscast: specific features of auditive dissemination of information" deals with the influence of the lucidity of the radio newscast language on the volume of verbal sound information absorbed by the listener. Applying the method of psychological experiment it is examined whether the listeners can remember texts written according to the principles of radio writing better than texts in the factual style of the news of the Czech Press Agency. The issue addressed is set in the context of the current research in the field of media studies. The paper also offers a survey of experiments used for radio audience research. The thesis also includes a brief history of the radio newscast in the Czech lands focused, above all, on the sources of information used and the language applied.

The diploma work is worked on the subject of improvement upon the firm culture. The theoretical pieces of knowledge realize detailed investigation of firm culture problems. The diploma work includes collection of single theoretical informations and empirical experience with their resulting exploitation in the practical part. The proposal part should be an economie contribution to the firm TATSUNO-BENČ EUROPE a.s. after its application in the practice.