Ensamhetskänslor är något som är ytterst mänskligt och som individ kan man uppleva detta flera gånger under livsloppet. Gruppen äldre betraktas dock att vara särskilt utsatta till att uppleva känslor av ensamhet. Det i sin tur anses innebära flera negativa konsekvenser; fysisk smärta och psykiska besvär. I detta arbetet kommer just detta fenomenet till att undersökas. Undersökningen görs genom metoden diskursanalys. Syftet är att undersöka kopplingen mellan äldre, ensamhetskänslor och depression. Det har gjorts genom analys av totalt 3 studier och 1 rapport av Socialstyrelsen. Våra diskursord, som urskiljdes under datainsamlingen, styr analysen. Diskursorden var följande: ensamhet/ ensamhetskänslor, depression och livskvalité. Som verktyg till analysen hade vi även Louis Althussers teori om subjektspositioner och diskurs samt Judith Butlers teori om genus. I resultatet framgår det faktumet att äldre anses vara en utsatt grupp inom vården på grund av åldrandet och dess konsekvenser. Dessutom diskuteras även ansvaret som ligger på myndigheter och personal som berörs. Slutligen förs det diskussioner om kön och huruvida det påverkar äldres upplevelser av depression och ensamhet. / Feelings of loneliness is something that is entirely human and any individual could experience them in a lifetime. The elderly as a group is perceived to be especially vulnerable when it comes to experiencing feelings of loneliness. This in turn is considered to have several negative consequences; physical pain and psychological distress. This essay will be focusing on this phenomenon specifically. This study is done by method discourse analysis. The purpose is to investigate the connection between elderly, feelings of loneliness and depression. This was done through analyzing the total of 3 scientific studies and 1 report produced by the National Board of Health and Welfare. Our discourse-terms, that were found during the process of data collecting, guide the analysis. The discourse-terms are as follows: loneliness/ feelings of loneliness, depression and quality of life. Another guide that was used were Louis Althussers’ theory of subject positions and discourse as well as Judith Butler's theory about gender. The result addresses the fact that the elderly is considered to be a vulnerable group in healthcare due to aging and its consequences. In addition, the responsibility that lies with the authorities and personnel involved is also discussed. Finally, there are also discussions about gender and whether it affects older people's experiences of depression and loneliness.

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In this project I have studied how the relationship between a caregiver and an older caretaker can be affected by family member caregiving. I interviewed five social workers at Kristianstad municipality who work assessing the need of homecare services for individuals over 65 years. The questions that were asked arebased on my essay's purpose: to investigate whether and in what way the relationship between caregiver and caretaker is affected by one of the relatives providing the other one care. The purpose is also to make visible various components that affects and changes the relationship. The results were analyzed based on Nel Noddings care ethics. My study shows that family member caregiving is often a result of love and solicitude. Many caregivers find the caregiving to be a natural acting due to the relationship. Other caregivers experience caregiving as a duty and sometimes do it because of the fear of another person giving the wrong type of care to the caretaker. The positive outcomes of family member caregiving is that the caregiver feels needed and feels a sense of meaningfulness. Family member caregiving can result in a feeling of safety since the caregiver has a valuable insight in the caretakers needs and situation. The negative outcomes of family member caregiving is that the caregiver can feel sorrow over the caretakers situation. The caregiver can also find it hard to accept help with the caregiving which may lead to lack of personal life. Caregiving can result in discomfort of stress and depression. It was clear that it is important that the caretaker shows appreciation for the provided care, or else the relationship would surely be weakened.

付記する学位プログラム名: デザイン学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22096号 / 情博第706号 / 新制||情||121(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 黒田 知宏, 教授 吉川 正俊, 教授 矢守 克也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

El proyecto plantea un centro de día y residencia dirigido al adulto mayor, que cubra sus necesidades básicas como vivienda, alimentación, recreación y salud. El proyecto parte con el objetivo generar una interacción entre el usuario y la comunidad, evitando que el adulto mayor se sienta aislado de la sociedad, formando una arquitectura con un límite permeable hacia el entorno para lograr una mejor relación con este. El establecimiento fue diseñado con los requerimientos arquitectónicos establecidos en la norma y apoyado con ejemplos referenciales que guién en el proceso de diseño. El proyecto, como volumen, entendió las tipologías del lugar e intentó no resaltar negativamente en el entorno inmediato; adecuándose a este y aprovechando las características ya existentes. La investigación se basa, además en el estudio de las características psicofísicas del usuario, las cuales marcan la pauta del programa, áreas y zonificación en el diseño del proyecto. así mismo, predominan las áreas verdes, patios y terrazas como zonas de estar y permanencia, las cuales se encuentran en todos los niveles del proyecto donde se realizan diferentes actividades. / The project proposes a day centre and residence aimed at the elderly, covering their basic needs such as housing, food, recreation and health. The project starts with the objective of generating an interaction between the user and the community, avoiding the elderly to feel isolated from society, forming an architecture with a permeable limit towards the environment to achieve a better relationship with it. The establishment was designed with the established architectural requirements in the standard and supported with reference examples to guide the design process. The project, as a volume, understood the typologies of the site and tried not to highlight negatively in the immediate environment, adapting to it and taking advantage of the already existing characteristics. The research is also based on the study of the psycho-physical characteristics of the user, which set the guidelines for the program, areas and zoning in the design of the project. Likewise, green areas, patios and terraces predominate as living and staying areas, which are found at all levels of the project where different activities are carried out. / Trabajo de investigación

No description available.

Bakgrund: Depression är en vanlig sjukdom i världen, och äldre människor är särskilt utsatta. Den förväntas vara den näst vanligast funktionsnedsättning i världen efter hjärtsjukdom inom ett par årtionden. På grund av atypiska symtom är den inte alltididentifierad och därför underdiagnostiserad och underbehandlad, särskilt hos äldre. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva äldres upplevelse av att levamed depression Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie som sammanfattar och analyserar resultatet avtretton kvalitativa studier. Huvudresultat: Identifierade teman var Känslolivets påverkan, Upplevelse avskamkänsla och stigmatisering, Syn på behandling och återhämtning, Samhörighet ochmeningsfullhet och Familjens roll i återhämtning.Flera studier visade på att de äldre inte förstod hur sjukdomen påverkade deras känsloroch tankar. De medgav att fördomar om sjukdomen var utbredd inom åldersgruppen ochbekände att deras egna tidigare obekantskap med depression hade lett till en saknadförståelse. De menade att det var en ledande faktor till att stigmatisering av sjukdomentillsammans med en rädsla för att associeras med galenskap. Att kunna dela erfarenhetermed vänner och familj ansågs viktigt för att bekämpa upplevelsen av ensamhet somvanligtvis är sammankopplad med depression. Slutsats: Denna litteraturstudie visade att upplevelsen av stigmatisering och känslor avensamhet var central i den äldres upplevelse av depression. För att förbättra behandlingen och lindra upplevelsen var det av vikt att skingra fördomar och förutfattade meningar om sjukdomen samt att inkludera familjen när relationen var god och berikande. / Background: Depression is a common disorder in the world, especially elderly areparticularly exposed. It is expected to become the second most common disability afterheart disease within a couple of decades. Because of atypical symptoms it is not alwaysidentified and thus underdiagnosed and undertreated, particularly in the elderly community. Aim: The aim of this litterature-review was to describe the experiences of depressionthe elderly. Method: A descriptive litterature-review compiling and analyzing the results of thirteen qualitative studies. Main Result: Themes identified were Impact on emotional life, Experience of shameand stigmatization, Views on treatment and recovery, Togetherness and meaningfulness and The family’s role in recovery. Several studies have shown that the elderly did not understand the impact of the disorder on their thoughts and feelings. They recognized that misconceptions about the disorder were widespread within their age group and acknowledged that their own previous unfamiliarity with depression lead to a lack of understanding. They sourced this to be a leading factor in the stigmatization of the disorder alongside with a fear of being associated with lunacy. To be able to share experiences with friends and family were key to combat feelings of loneliness commonly associated with depression. Conclusion: The litterature-review revealed that the experience of stigmatization and feelings of loneliness were central to the elderly’s experience of depression. To improve treatment and ease the experience, it was useful to dispel false beliefs and misconceptions about the disorder and to include family when family-relations were deemed good and nurturing.

La presente investigación se enfocó en describir el fenómeno de la sobrecarga y su impacto en el cuidador familiar primario de adultos mayores con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Para este fin, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo aplicando la técnica de la entrevista a 10 cuidadores primarios. La información recabada fue analizada empleando la técnica del análisis de contenido. Los principales hallazgos revelan que la mayor parte de los cuidadores presentan sobrecarga debido a que consideran el rol de cuidador como demandante, carecen de información acerca de la enfermedad y perciben la ausencia de apoyo en el cuidado de los otros miembros de la familia. Lo descrito tiene un impacto en el bienestar y las actividades del cuidador, quien suele expresar emociones como la frustración y tristeza profunda, así como, señala un estancamiento en el desarrollo de sus metas profesionales. / This investigation wants to describe the overload experience of the primary family caregiver of the elderly adult with Alzheimer's disease. Considering this, the present qualitative study has applied an interview technique to 10 primary family caregivers. The present information has been analyzed by the content analysis technique. The main findings reveal that most of the caregivers have overload. This is attributed not only because they consider this a demanding roll, they also have a lack of knowledge about the disease, and this caregivers experience feelings like frustration and deep sadness. In most of the cases, presence of family issues has been caused by the lack of support associated to an avoiding behavior from the family members. Finally, a change in general well-being of the caregiver is detected, also professional stagnation and consequences to physical and mental health. / Tesis

El presente trabajo de investigación está basado en el servicio especializado de enfermeras a domicilio, el cual permite relacionar a personas que tengan un adulto mayor en casa y necesiten cuidados con enfermeras capacitadas que cuenten con alta experiencia en el rubro. Es por ello que AWI buscará ubicarse en el mercado como la mejor alternativa para el cuidado del adulto mayor y así ser la solución al problema de todas las personas que no cuentan con tiempo para cuidar a su familiar. Como empresa confiable, el proceso para reclutar al personal será de manera rigurosa y exhaustiva para que así las personas que contratan el servicio se puedan sentir tranquilas y seguras que van a recibir un servicio de alta calidad. Para iniciar este emprendimiento, el canal principal para contratar el servicio será a través de una aplicación, que podrá ser utilizada en cualquier dispositivo móvil. El servicio tendrá 3 niveles de atención y cada uno de ellos con diferentes tipos de asistencia, por lo que el costo por turno de 6 horas tendrá un valor de 210 soles en el nivel 1, 260 soles para el nivel 2 y 320 soles para el nivel 3, y la principal manera de generar ingresos será a través de comisiones del 35% por el servicio prestado. Según las proyecciones realizadas y la demanda, el trabajo de investigación estaría generando un valor de 5866 soles para los accionistas del negocio. Con ello, podemos decir que el plan de negocio es rentable. / The present research work is based on a specialized service of nurses at home, which allows people who have an older adult at home and need care for them to contact trained nurses who have high experience in the field. Therefore, AWI will seek to place itself in the market as the best alternative for the care of the elderly and thus be the solution to the problem of all those people who do not have time to care for their family member. As a reliable company, the process to recruit staff will be rigorously and comprehensively so that the people who hire the service will be calm and safe that they will receive a high quality service. To start this entrepreneurship, the main way to hired the service will be through an application that can be used by any mobile device. The service will have 3 levels, each of them with different types of assistance. The price for a 6-hour shift will be 210 soles at level 1, 260 soles for level 2 and 320 soles for level 3, and the main way to generate income will be through 35% commissions for the service provided. According to the projections and the demand, this entrepreneurship would be generating a value of 5866 soles of all business investors. With this, it can be said that the business plan is profitable. / Trabajo de investigación

Orientador: Odeibler Santo Guidugli / Banca: João Francisco de Abreu / Banca: Solange Terezinha de Lima Guimarães / Título da capa: Envelhecimento populacional : desafios de uma nova conjuntura demográfica para o município de Assis - SP / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, o Brasil vem experimentando profundas transformações em seu padrão demográfico. Dentre estas alterações, destaca-se o aumento da participação dos idosos no total da população. Este fenômeno, conhecido como envelhecimento populacional, decorre principalmente da queda das taxas de fecundidade e mortalidade e, do aumento da longevidade. Diferentemente dos países industrializados, o envelhecimento populacional brasileiro surpreende por sua rapidez e, pela multiplicidade de questões que suscita. As particularidades do segmento idoso (declínio das funções sociais, econômicas, psico-biológicas), combinadas aos problemas socioeconômicos brasileiros (má distribuição de renda, desemprego, previdência social e sistema de saúde deficitários), representam desafios a serem enfrentados pelo poder público, sociedade, família e pelo próprio indivíduo. Dentre estes desafios, aqueles relacionados à micro-escala adquirem importância. Em primeiro lugar, porque o envelhecimento populacional brasileiro é espacialmente diferenciado, alguns espaços encontram-se em estágio mais avançado. Em segundo, porque os idosos vivem, convivem e demandam, predominantemente, em escala local. Esta pesquisa contemplou empiricamente o estudo do processo em um espaço local. Como o município paulista de Assis, tem registrado um envelhecimento populacional mais acentuado que o verificado no Estado de São Paulo e no Brasil, converte-se em um interessante objeto de estudo da problemática. / Abstract: In the last decades, Brazil has been experiencing deep changes in its demographic pattern. Among these changes the increase of the proportion of elderly people in the population stands out. This phenomenon, known as aging population, occurs mainly due to the decline of fertility and mortality rates and the rise of life expectancy. Unlike the industrialized countries, the Brazilian aging population, surprises because of its speed and because of the multiple questions that involves it. The specific characteristics of elderly people (decline of social, economic and psycho-biological functions) combined with the Brazilian socio-economic problem (bad income distribution, unemployment, inefficient social and health care), represent challenges to be faced by the public sector, society, family and by the people themselves. Between these challenges, those related to the micro-scale, or local scale, acquire importance. First because the Brazilian aging population is spatially different, some spaces present higher levels of the process. Second, because elderly people live, relate and demand, largely, in micro-scale. Therefore, the empirical purpose of this study was to investigate the aging population of a local space. Assis city, where the process reaches higher levels than in the State of São Paulo and Brazil, becomes an interesting object of study of the problem involving the local govern, society and elderly people. / Mestre