Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Littérature française et comparée : Paris 4 : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. 321 réf. bibliogr. Annexes.

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Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía

Sammanfattning: Shamanism har ständigt varit ett populärt ämne att studera, där bland annat problem med shamanism-begreppet har lyfts fram av en rad olika forskare. Shamanism har i de flesta fall definierats som religion, trots att omfattande forskning har belyst det utspridda motståndet till definitionen bland utövare i västvärlden. Studien har undersökt likheter och skillnader mellan utövare av shamanism i nutida Sverige, vad gäller åsikter, praktik och definierande. Den har byggt på en kvalitativ analys av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex utövare som även har varit verksamma inom shamanism. Studien har påvisat att motståndet till att definiera shamanism som religion existerar bland dessa utövare. Religion har beskrivits som något organiserat med läror och regler, medan shamanism har beskrivits som något fritt, där praktik, värderingar och trosuppfattningar har varierat bland utövare. Debatten kring shamanism-begreppets eventuella problem har även förekommit inom shamanska kretsar och det har existerat skilda meningar bland utövare, likväl som det har existerat skilda meningar bland forskare.

Ce travail philosophique veut rendre compte de l'importance du sacré dans l'existence humaine. Avec l'auteur du Traité d'Histoire des Religions, Mircea Eliade, nous retraçons les grandes expériences primordiales de l'Humanité. Après une description de la méthodologie éliadienne, trois grands thèmes retiennent notre attention: l'orientation spatiale, la temporalité et finalement l'initiation. L'étude de ces trois thèmes constitue, selon nous, une excellente introduction à la philosophie du sacré, contenue dans l'œuvre de cet auteur.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Alvarenga Hirata.pdf: 784390 bytes, checksum: ba70bd1abf59aeafa4a45843a0978f27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-10 / Pontificia Universidade de São Paulo / This dissertation has as its objective to propose a theoretical referential of the religion sciences and the analytical psychology for studying the cultural - economical development impasse in the extent of the ecological crisis in the Tietê river, in São Paulo. This crisis took on alarming proportions in the second half of the XX century, when the river pollution reached the extension ofthree hundred and fifty kilometres and the low water quality has caused contagious diseases, disabling its use even for the electric power generation. Our hypothesis is (1) that the causes of the ecological crisis in the river Tietê isn't only in the material and objective dimension, but also has to do with the estrangement of man's relationship with the symbolic and the sacred. And that, therefore, (2) the resolution ofthis crisis should aiso include human subjectivity. To verify these hypotheses, we used theoretical and historical research of the ecological crisis in the river, as well as the religious symbolism of thé river water, and the imaginary links between the citizens from São Paulo and the river along with the history ofthe city. It also raised the current strategies that have been used tomanage the crisis. The theoretical referential that permeates the dissertation is an interface of the concept of symbolism of Ernst Cassirer's, Mircea Eliade and Carl G. Jung works. We concluded that the causes of the ecological crisis in Tietê are linked with the loss of meaning of the symbolism of the water and ofthe river, and that the strategies, to work with the same should include the cultural dimension, spiritual and psychic. It should be understood that it's necessary to consider the integration between objectivity and subjectivity, also cultural and economical development, to consider the mentioned crisis, in arder to work out proposals looking to reverse-revitalize the symbol of the river and the water, putting an end to the ecological crisis in the Tietê river / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo propor um referencial teórico das ciências da religião e da psicologia analítica para o estudo do impasse cultura desenvolvimento econômico no âmbito da crise ecológica no rio Tietê, em São Paulo. A referida crise tomou proporções alarmantes na segunda metade do século XX, quando a poluição do rio atingiu trezentos e cinqüenta quilômetros de extensão e a má qualidade da água provocava doenças infecto contagiosas, impossibilitando o seu uso até mesmo para a geração de energia elétrica. Nossa hipótese é (1) que as causas da crise ecológica no rio Tietê não se encontram apenas na dimensão material, objetiva, mas também têm a ver com o distanciamento da relação do homem com o simbólico e o sagrado. E que, portanto, (2) a resolução desta crise também deve abranger a subjetividade humana. Para constatar estas hipóteses, fizemos uso de pesquisa teórica e histórica da crise ecológica no rio, bem como do simbolismo religioso da água, do rio e do imaginário paulistano ligado ao rio ao longo da história da cidade. Levantou-se também as estratégias atuais que vêm sendo usadas para lidar com a crise. O referencial teórico que permeia a dissertação é uma interface do conceito de símbolo das obras de Ernst Cassirer, Mircea Eliade e Carl G. Jung. Concluímos que as causas da crise ecológica no Tietê estão ligadas com a perda de significado do simbolismo da água e do rio, e que as estratégias para lidar com a mesma devem incluir a dimensão cultural, espiritual e psíquica. Entendemos que é necessário considerar a integração entre objetividade e subjetividade, entre desenvolvimento cultural e econômico, para se pensar a crise mencionada, a fim de elaborar propostas que busquem re-vitalizar o símbolo do rio e da água visando o fim da crise ecológica no rio

<p>This essay is a work on Mircea Eliades's interpretation of the religious human understood as "homo religiosus" and the role of the shaman from the Eliade perspective. In Eliade human existence consists of a dichotomy between the sacred and the profane. The question is whether one can understand the concept of Eliades “axis mundi”, center of the universe? Can we create an understanding of human existence with Eliade? Can one use  phenomenology of religion as perspective for the exploration of “reality”? Furthermore, this paper aims to understand the role of the shaman has religious worldviews. Shamaism  is through an ecstatic technique traveling to other cosmic plane, in order to gain knowledge that would otherwise not be reached. Two short chapters also show examples of Swedish religious phenomenological research by Ake Hultkrantz and Carl Johan Gurt.</p><p>The key issues are: What is Shamanism? How can we understand  Eliades philosophical exposition of man as <em>homo religosus</em>? Are Eliades theories (by Hultrantz and Gurt) represented in the Swedish scientific research? And, what is today's religion phenomenological research (by Gurt)?</p><p> </p> / <p>Denna uppsats är ett arbete om Mircea Eliades tolkning av den religiösa människan förstådd som <em>homo religiosus </em>och shamanens roll hos Eliade. Hos Eliade är den mänskliga existensen uppdelad i en dikotomi mellan det heliga och det profana. Kan vi skapa en förståelse av människans existens med Eliade och hur kan vi använda religionsfenomenologin som utgångspunkt för utforskandet av ”verkligheten”?  Uppsatsens vidare syfte är att förstå vilken roll shamanen har för religiösa världsbilder. Shamanens verksamhet och centrala uppgift  är att genom en extasteknik färdas till andra kosmiska plan, för att där få kunskap som annars inte kan nås. Två korta kapitel visar även  exempel på svensk religionsfenomenologisk forskning genom Åke Hultkrantz och Carl Johan Gurt.</p><p>De centrala frågorna är: Vad är shamanism? Hur ser Eliades filosofiska utläggning om människan ut? Finns Eliades teorier (genom Hultrantz och Gurt) förankrade/representerade i svensk religionsvetenskaplig forskning? Och, hur ser dagens religionsfenomenologiska forskning ut (genom Gurt)?</p>