Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / One of the steps in the technical analysis of water supply systems are simulations of the conditions of equilibrium a distribution network. In order to estimate the parameters of a hydraulic network, from observed data hydraulic loads, there is developed a computational method. In general, the physical parameters of the network as unknown friction factors, the absolute roughness, diameter and the identification and quantification of leaks are unknown quantities. In this study, the focus will be on the identification of diameters through a combination Transient Reverse method - Genetic Algorithm with the MTI - AG using the method of characteristics - MOC the solution of equations of motion for a transient flow in ducting . The use of elitism operator is used to evaluate the effects on the identification of the diameter transient conditions. The steady state conditions are known. The accuracy of the MTI model developed AG are evaluated by two-networks example, used in the proposed calibration problem. The effect of the transient is achieved by changing demand of the nodes of the distribution network. The performance of the proposed method is verified by evaluating the variability of the transient size of the record and possible reading errors in the hydraulic loads and diameters / Uma das etapas na anÃlise tÃcnica de sistemas de abastecimento de Ãgua sÃo as simulaÃÃes das condiÃÃes de equilÃbrio de uma rede de distribuiÃÃo. A fim de se estimar os parÃmetros de uma rede hidrÃulica, a partir de dados observados de cargas hidrÃulicas, desenvolve-se um mÃtodo computacional. Em geral, os parÃmetros fÃsicos da rede desconhecidos como fatores de atrito, rugosidades absolutas, diÃmetros e a identificaÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo de vazamentos sÃo grandezas desconhecidas. Nessa pesquisa, o enfoque serà dado na identificaÃÃo dos diÃmetros, atravÃs de uma combinaÃÃo do MÃtodo Transiente Inverso - MTI com o Algoritmo GenÃtico â AG, utilizando o MÃtodo das CaracterÃsticas â MOC na soluÃÃo das equaÃÃes do movimento para escoamento de transiente em rede de tubos. A utilizaÃÃo do operador elitismo serà utilizada para avaliar os efeitos produzidos na identificaÃÃo dos diÃmetros em condiÃÃes transientes. As condiÃÃes de regime permanente sÃo conhecidas. A precisÃo do modelo MTI com AG desenvolvidos sÃo avaliados atravÃs de duas redes-exemplo, utilizado no problema de calibraÃÃo proposto. O efeito do transiente à alcanÃado atravÃs da mudanÃa de demanda de um dos nÃs da rede de distribuiÃÃo. O desempenho do mÃtodo proposto à verificado avaliando-se a variabilidade do tamanho do registro transiente e de possÃveis erros de leituras nas cargas hidrÃulicas e nos diÃmetros

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-05-29T17:56:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosNunesPereira.pdf: 1315009 bytes, checksum: 295c7ee0c6c18e8813cce8de3a17f2a2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T17:56:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanCarlosNunesPereira.pdf: 1315009 bytes, checksum: 295c7ee0c6c18e8813cce8de3a17f2a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-12 / Limitations of the democratization of modern law. Analysis of the limits of the normative paradigm, tributary of modernity, based on the centrality of the rule, individualism according to the logic of capitalist accumulation and legal elitism to build democratic solutions to structural conflicts in Brazil, as the conflict over land. Overcoming normativism of need for cognitive acquisition of entitlement to socialhistorical complexity of the conflict under its consideration; overcoming individualism according to the logic of capitalist accumulation by recognizing the public nature of the conflict, the subjective relevance of the State and the centrality of ownershiplabor as a form of human relationship with the earth after property perspective as a social function; overcoming the legal elitism with a new dimension of the process to overcome the procedural truth and the centrality of knowledge regulation as a means of knowledge of the conflict. Application of the resulting theoretical critique of the literature qualitative research to the solution of the collective land conflict by the Maranhão Court of Justice, between the years 2012-2013. / Limites da democratização do direito moderno. Análise dos limites do paradigma normativista, tributário da modernidade, pautado na centralidade da norma, no individualismo segundo a lógica de acumulação capitalista e no elitismo jurídico, para construir soluções democráticas para conflitos estruturais no Brasil, como o conflito pela terra. Necessidade de superação do normativismo pela abertura cognitiva do direito à complexidade histórico-social do conflito sob sua apreciação; superação do individualismo segundo a lógica de acumulação capitalista pelo reconhecimento da natureza pública do conflito, pela pertinência subjetiva do Estado e pela centralidade da apropriação-trabalho como forma de relação humana com a terra, tendo em vista a perspectiva de propriedade enquanto função social; superação do elitismo jurídico por uma nova dimensão do processo para além da verdade processual e a centralidade do conhecimento regulação como forma de conhecimento dos conflitos. Aplicação da crítica teórica resultante da pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica à solução do conflito fundiário coletivo pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Maranhão, entre os anos de 2012-2013.

Par une analyse du discours de la théorie juridique serbe du XXe siècle, cette thèse contribue non seulement à la description des traits distincts de la pensée juridique serbe, mais aussi à la détermination de la possibilité de la réception des concepts libéraux par une société transitoire, dont la culture politique est bien différente de celle de la société occidentale. En ce sens, l’influence modeste de la théorie du droit social d’origine française indique le conservatisme de l’élite universitaire serbe, qui ne faisait pas confiance à la société et à ses capacités autonomes. Cette élite s’est rendu compte que la société serbe était toujours traditionaliste, patriarcale et pauvre en institutions civiles bien établies. C’est pourquoi l’idée libérale d’une société civile qui englobe l’État, et dont ce dernier n’est qu’une entité au service des citoyens, leur est connue, mais peu convaincante. Au contraire, leur programme libéral s’appuie sur l’idée de l’État de droit qui s’opposerait à l’énergie des masses populaires et, par ses institutions élitistes, présuppose la société des individus libres. Croyant fort à la société comme la source ultime de l’activité législative et judiciaire, les théories françaises du droit social ont lancé une idée inadmissible pour la théorie serbe: la domination de la société sur l’État. Cependant, cette aversion des théoriciens serbes vis-à-vis de la société autonome ne révèle pas seulement le manque de la tradition libérale dans leur pensée. Elle explique aussi les raisons d’une transplantation difficile des institutions démocratiques occidentales et, en général, d’une dure transition de la société post-communiste serbe. / The discourse analysis of the Serbian theory of law in the 20th century in the thesis contributes not only to the description of the distinctive features of the Serbian legal thought but also to the establishment of a possibility for the reception of liberal concepts by a society in transition, whose political culture differ from the western society. In that sense, a modest influence of the theory of social law of French origin indicates a conservatism of the Serbian university elite, who did not have faith in the Serbian society and its capacities. This elite was aware of the fact that the Serbian society was still traditionalistic, patriarchal and poor in the institutions of the civil society. Therefore, although they were familiar with the liberal idea of the civil society that includes the state, according to which the state is nothing else but a citizens’ service, it was unconvincing. On the contrary, their liberal program relied on the idea of the Legal state which would stand against the energy of the masses and which would put the existence of a society of free individuals before its elitist institutions. Firmly believing in the society as the final source of the legislative and judicial activity, these French theories of social law launched an idea which was unacceptable for the Serbian theory: the idea of the domination of the society over the state. Still, an aversion towards the autonomous society of Serbian theoreticians does not only reveal the lack of liberal tradition in there thought. It explains the causes of the problematic mapping of the western democratic institutions, but also a difficult transition of the Serbian post-communist society in general.

nÃo hà / Desde sua gÃnese, a educaÃÃo superior brasileira vem sendo referenciada como palco das elites. Nas Ãltimas dÃcadas, todavia, polÃticas democratizantes de acesso universitÃrio, ao sugerirem ingresso de discentes menos abastados, anteveem reversÃo desse cenÃrio. Entre as alicerÃadas nos processos seletivos, destacam-se a substituiÃÃo do tradicional vestibular pelo ENEM/SISU e seu ajuste à compulsÃria polÃtica de cotas, que atuam no sentido de diminuir a influÃncia das posiÃÃes de classe nas possibilidades de acesso Ãs IFES, das quais a UFC à parte integrante. Sob uma perspectiva social da educaÃÃo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os efeitos que tais mudanÃas nos certames de admissÃo de calouros exerceram sobre os nÃveis de elitizaÃÃo em Ãmbito institucional e dos cursos superiores da UFC. De natureza descritiva e abordagem quantitativa longitudinal, a pesquisa baseou-se na Teoria das Elites de Pareto para estabelecer indicadores numÃricos, denominados Ãndices de elitizaÃÃo, Ãteis à verificaÃÃo de tendÃncias des(elitizantes) no campo acadÃmico. As variÃveis socioeconÃmicas que subsidiaram a obtenÃÃo dos Ãndices disseram respeito à renda familiar; ao tipo de escola de ensino fundamental e mÃdio; e à instruÃÃo paterna e materna do alunado ingressante na universidade nos anos de 2010, 2012 e 2013. Do ponto de vista institucional, os resultados das anÃlises apontaram que a adesÃo ao ENEM/SISU nÃo ocasionou mudanÃa considerÃvel no nÃvel de elitizaÃÃo da UFC. Em momento posterior, o advento das cotas sujeitou-a a uma leve deselitizaÃÃo. PÃde-se deduzir, conquanto, que a deselitizaÃÃo ocorreria de forma mais acentuada se o quesito renda familiar, em vez do tipo de escola de ensino mÃdio, aparecesse como critÃrio principal na seleÃÃo dos cotistas. No que se refere ao primeiro grupo de cursos investigados, os imperiais (Direito, Medicina e Engenharia), verificou-se que tanto o ENEM/SISU quanto o sistema de cotas deselitizou-os quase que na Ãntegra. Jà com relaÃÃo ao outro ajuntamento de cursos, os de licenciatura, observou-se que o ENEM/SISU repercutiu de forma contrÃria à esperada, pois os sujeitou à elitizaÃÃo; Ãs cotas, por sua vez, coube reverter essa tendÃncia elitizante consubstanciada no perÃodo anterior. Neste tÃpico tambÃm foi possÃvel atinar para um efeito acessÃrio advindo da aplicaÃÃo da polÃtica de cotas: o abrandamento da autoexclusÃo; fenÃmeno que distancia indivÃduos mais humildes dos certames de acesso Ãs IES. / Since its genesis, the Brazilian higher education has been referred to as the stage of the elites. In recent decades, however, democratizing policies of academic access, suggesting the inflow of less affluent students, anticipate a reversal of this scenario. Among the policies grounded in the selection process, stands out the replacement of the traditional selection examination for the ENEM/SISU and its adjustment to the compulsory quota policy , which act to reduce the influence of class position in the possibilities of access to the IFES , of which the UFC is an integral part. From a social perspective of education, this study aimed to identify the effects that such changes in the freshmen\\\'s contests of admission had on the levels of gentrification at the institutional scope and of the higher courses of the UFC From descriptive nature and quantitative-longitudinal approach, the research was based on the Pareto\\\'s Theory of Elites to stablish numeric indicators, called rates of gentrification, useful for checking the de(gentrificational) trends in the academic field. The socioeconomic variables that supported the achievement of indexes concerned the family income. type of school of middle and high education; and maternal and paternal education from the entrant student body at the university in 2010, 2012 and 2013. From the institutional point of view, the results of the analysis showed that adherence to ENEM/SISU caused no change in the level of gentrification of the UFC. Thereafter, the advent of quotas subjected to a mild degentification. These results suggest, however, that such process would occur more sharply if the requisite household income, rather than the type of high school, appeared as the main criterion in the selection of the shareholders. With regard to the first group of courses studied, the imperial (Law, Medicine and Engineering), it was found that both ENEM/SISU as the quota system degentificate them almost in their entirety. In relation to the assembly of other courses, degree courses, it was observed that the ENEM / SISU reverberated in a manner contrary to the expected, since subjected them to gentrification; the quotas, on the other hand, reversed this degentificate trend embodied in the previous period. In this topic was also possible to fathom for incidental effect arising from the implementation of quotas: the slowdown of self-exclusion; phenomenon that distance humblest individuals of contests for access to the IES.

A Ãgua à um recurso natural essencial para todas as formas de vida e a sua distribuiÃÃo deve ser realizada com qualidade e sem desperdÃcios. Um dos mÃtodos de otimizaÃÃo dos sistemas de distribuiÃÃo de Ãgua à baseado na simulaÃÃo (modelagem) de redes hidrÃulicas reais atravÃs de modelos computacionais capazes de prever o seu comportamento nas situaÃÃes diversas ao logo da sua vida Ãtil. As principais etapas desse mÃtodo sÃo calibraÃÃo; operaÃÃo e controle; projeto e otimizaÃÃo; e traÃado de redes. A ideia deste trabalho à aprimorar uma dessas tÃcnicas, a de calibraÃÃo, processo de identificaÃÃo dos parÃmetros das tubulaÃÃes (fator de atrito, rugosidade, diÃmetros e outros) em redes existentes, na qual os mesmos sÃo considerados desconhecidos. A metodologia adotada à o MÃtodo Transiente Inverso (MTI) com otimizaÃÃo da tÃcnica de seleÃÃo da soluÃÃo atravÃs do algoritmo GenÃtico (AG). O objetivo principal à calibrar os principais parÃmetros (fator de atrito e rugosidade) a fim de analisar a conveniÃncia de duas tÃcnicas: cÃlculo do fator de atrito pelo mÃtodo pelo MTI-AG e a partir da rugosidade (com uso da fÃrmula de Swamee, 1993). O estudo à realizado para duas redes sintÃticas tiradas da literatura, mas que representam sistemas reais. As condiÃÃes impostas para a anÃlise sÃo: duas manobras de vÃlvulas (lenta e brusca) responsÃveis pelo evento transiente, o monitoramento de cargas transientes em somente 20% dos nÃs das redes e a utilizaÃÃo de dois tipo de seleÃÃo de soluÃÃo do algoritmo genÃtico (com elitismo e sem elitismo). Os experimentos sÃo realizados a partir de trÃs programas: o primeiro calcula as condiÃÃes permanentes, o segundo fornece cargas transientes por meio do MÃtodo das CaracterÃsticas (MOC) na busca das soluÃÃes das equaÃÃes de movimento no escoamento transiente e o terceiro, que trabalha de forma conjugada com os demais, seleciona os melhores resultados atravÃs de iteraÃÃes realizadas conforme o algoritmo genÃtico, tÃcnica inspirada nos mecanismos de evoluÃÃo dos seres vivos. Os resultados encontrados indicam que independente das condiÃÃes impostas inicialmente à mais eficiente identificar o fator de atrito a partir das rugosidades absolutas do que calibrar esse fator pelo MTI-AG devido a grande variabilidade dos fatores de atrito durante a ocorrÃncia do evento transiente. / Water is an essential natural resource for all life forms and their distribution should be carried out with quality and without waste. One of the methods of optimization of water distribution systems is based on the simulation (modeling) of real hydraulic networks using computational models that can predict their behavior in various situations the logo of its useful life. The main steps of this method are calibration; operation and control; design and optimization; and route networks. The idea of ​​this work is to improve one such technique, the calibration parameters of the pipes identification process (friction factor, surface roughness, diameter and the like) existing in networks in which they are considered unknown. The methodology adopted is the Transient Inverse Method (MTI) with optimization of the solution selection technique by Genetic Algorithm (GA). The main objective is to calibrate the main parameters (friction and roughness factor) to analyze the convenience of two techniques: calculation of the friction factor by the method by MTI-AG and from the roughness (using the formula Swamee, 1993 ). The study is carried out for two taken synthetic networks of literature, but represent real systems. The conditions for the analysis are: two maneuvers valves (slow and abrupt) responsible for the transient event, the monitoring of transient loads in only 20% of the nodes of the networks and the use of two types of solution selection of genetic algorithm (with elitism and without elitism). The experiments are carried out through three programs: the first calculates the permanent conditions, the second provides transient loads through the method of characteristics (MOC) in the search for solutions of the equations of motion in the transient flow and the third, who works so combined with others, selects the best results through iterations performed according to the genetic algorithm, a technique inspired by the mechanisms of evolution of living beings. The results indicate that regardless of the conditions imposed is initially more efficiently identify the friction factor from the absolute roughness than calibrate this factor by MTI-AG due to the great variability of friction factors for the occurrence of the transient event.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zaira Maria Arretche_Dissertacao.pdf: 767049 bytes, checksum: 415dbfa6b2a80e7434eec25f1e1859dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-11 / This essay examines the concepts of political representation of three contemporary democratic theories. It aims at exploring their theoretical consistency both regarding the democratic process and the electoral representativeness. The elitist theory of democracy, as framed by Joseph Schumpeter, is based upon the assumption that voters lack discernment skills while political elites have leadership capacity. As a result, representation can be grounded on authority formalism, as well as political participation could be restricted to the choice of representatives. Democracy would be ensured by this decision-making method. The republicanist Philip Pettit's theory, by its turn, is based on republican principles. The non-domination ideal requires the active participation of society, not only in the choice of representatives. Instead, the capability to compete in the decision sphere of power would allow voters to recall representatives by means of control mechanisms established by the rule of law. The theory of radical democracy, as framed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, lacks the prescriptive features of the two previous ones. It is based on a new analytical perspective of society, which breaks with essentialism dichotomy. They propose an agonistic model of democracy, which takes into account the plural nature of manhood, which is antagonistic and affectionate. As a result, this theory frames the role of representatives differently. As theories of representative democracy, these models of representation present themselves as critical operacionalization, with internal contradictions. As a result, they may, on some dimensions, de-constitute themselves either as democratic theories or as theories of representation. / Esta dissertação analisa as ideias de representação política de três teorias contemporâneas da democracia, com o propósito de demonstrar sua pertinência teórica no que diz respeito ao processo democrático e à representatividade eleitoral. A ideia de representação na teoria democrática elitista, tal como postulada por Joseph Schumpeter, baseia-se no pressuposto da incapacidade de discernimento por parte do eleitor, em contraposição à capacidade de liderança da elite política. Este pressuposto empírico conferiria justificativa moral para o formalismo da autoridade e à participação eleitoral restrita à escolha dos representantes. Nestas bases, as decisões políticas seriam democráticas. A teoria republicana, por sua vez, tal como formulada por Philip Pettit, tem por base o ideal de não-dominação. Por ser republicana, requer a participação ativa da sociedade, para além da escolha dos representantes. O cidadão teria capacidade para disputar decisões nas esferas de poder e destituir seus representantes, através da instituição do império da lei, com diversos mecanismos de controle. Por fim, a teoria da democracia radical, tal como formulada por Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe, não apresenta as características prescritivas das teorias anteriores. Baseia sua análise da sociedade em uma nova perspectiva, de ruptura com o essencialismo dicotômico. Propõe um modelo agonístico da democracia, que leva em consideração a natureza humana plural, antagônica e afetiva. Estes pressupostos implicam um reordenamento da função dos representantes. Enquanto teorias da democracia representativa, estes modelos de representação constituem-se em uma operacionalidade fundamental, os quais podem apresentar, algumas vezes, contradições internas, culminando por desconstituí-las como teorias democráticas ou como teorias representativas.

Multi-objective optimisation focuses on optimising multiple objectives simultanuously. Evolutionary and immune-based algorithms have been developed in order to solve multi-objective optimisation problems. These algorithms often include a property called elitism, a method of preserving good solutions. This study has focused on how different approaches of elitism affect an algorithm's ability to find optimal solutions in a multi-objective optimisation problem with a discrete and highly discontinuous decision space. Three state-of-the-art algorithms, NSGA-II, SPEA2+ and NNIA2, were implemented, validated and tested against a multi-objective optimisation problem of a miniature plant. Final populations yielded from all the algorithms were included in an analysis. The results of this study indicate that external populations are important in order for algorithms to find optimal solutions in multi-objective optimisation problems with a discrete and highly discontinuous decision spaces.

The work deals with genetic algorithms and their potential use in application software to optimize high voltage switching elements of distribution network. Theoretical part explains the basic concepts of genetic algorithms such as a gene, population and chromosome and basic principles of the development of genetic algorithms.. The main task of the thesis is to design the algorithm that will simulate the distribution of the sectionalizers by telecontrolled section switches or reclosers and analyze how to set the the parameters affecting the convergence speed of genetic algorithm. The basic parameters affecting the convergence of breeding, mutation probability, population size or using of elitism. The second goal is finding a suitable set of input parameters for the selected population sizes without and with using elitism. The results of the work determine the most appropriate settings for each generation and determining the approximate number of generations needed to find the best solution. The genetic algorithm applocation was tested on a less extensive distribution network with six switching elements

No description available.

This thesis aims to analyse the sport policy process in the Republic of Korea through an examination of the cases of elite sport and sport for all. This study assesses the utility of a number of theoretical frameworks all of which were created either in the North America or Europe. The following macro-level theories are discussed and assessed: Marxism, Elitism and Pluralism. At the meso-level Policy Community (Marsh and Rhodes 1992), Multiple Streams Framework (Kingdon, 1995) and Advocacy Coalition Framework (Sabatier and Jenkin-Smith, 1999) were investigated and their utility in the Korean context was evaluated. Two case studies, elite sport and sport for all, were chosen and qualitative research methods were used in order to gather empirical data. A series of forty three semistructured interviews were undertaken. The first round of interview was conducted between 22nd June 2007 and 11th July 2007 followed by more extensive second round of interviews from 29th November 2007 to 15th June 2008 in Korea. The interviewees included academics, journalists, elite athletes, senior officers in the government and sub-national government, senior officers in national government organisations such as KSC, NACOSA, SOSFO, senior officials in KISS, NGBs, the business sector, the military sector and voluntary organisations such as YMCA. Interview data was supported by extensive analysis of documents including government reports, annual Sport White Papers, newspapers and magazine articles. One of the central findings is that decision-making in relation to high performance (elite) sport policy is dominated by members of the political, business and military elite. High performance sport decision-making is tightly controlled by the government which has been consistently the core actor in Korea's elite sport policy process with there being little evidence of civil society involvement. As regard Sport For All, different levels of government and also non-government organisations were involved in promoting Sport For All. However of particular note is the lack of contact and cooperation between the government and other nongovernment organisations, for example, YMCA in terms of sharing experiences of promoting sport. Despite the involvement of different levels of government and of non-government organisations policy direction and momentum was largely set by the elite level of central government. The analysis reveals that elitism is the most appropriate framework to apply in Korean sport policy at the macro-level. As for the meso-level, none of the three frameworks were considered to be particularly useful although Policy Community appeared to be appropriate in the early stage of the research.