Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology, 1980. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 152-159. / by Long Sang Chiu. / Sc.D.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1980. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 156-158. / by Nancy Amanda Bray. / Ph.D.

<p><h1>This study discusses energy and water balance in an 80-year-old deciduous Carolinian forest in the Great Lakes region in southern Ontario, Canada. The eddy covariance technique and associated meteorological and soil variables were used to make a year-round measurements of energy and water vapour fluxes from January-December,2012. This site is part of the Turkey Point Flux Station and global Fluxnet. The linear relationship between daily turbulent (sensible heat (H), latent heat (LE)) and radiative fluxes (net radiation (Rn),soil heat (G) and canopy heat storage ( S)) has a the slope of 0.75 (intercept of -15.8 Wm^-2, and a correlation coefficient, r² of 0.93) indicating a 25% deficiency in energy balance closure. The mean value of canopy albedo was 0.16 during the growing season. Maximum daily evapotranspiration (E) rate was 3.8 mm day^-1 in June, when growing is at its peak in the region. Total annual E was 400 mm, which accounted for 42% of the total annual precipitation of 950 mm. The water storage in upper soil column (1.0 m depth) was approximately 100 mm, indicating that about 450 mm of water was lost from the forest as runoff. Apart from radiation, vapour pressure deficit (D) was the dominant control on E. Maximum value of bulk surface conductance (Gs) was about 18.5 mm s^-1. Gs linearly decreased in response to increase in D. The minimum Gs values were recorded when D was maximum, i.e. 3 to 3.5 kPa. Gs also showed high sensitivity to the volumetric soil water content (ϴ), during dry periods, for example the drought event in 2012. In the growing season, the typical value of Priestley-Taylor α ranged between 0.8 to 1.2 with a maximum of 1.8, indicating a wet deciduous forest. However, the LE/Rn relationship showed a linear increase with increasing D with a low (0.26) slope, indicating a conservative response of forest E to atmospheric demand. This study provides insight into energy partitioning, the water balance and their controls in this Carolinian deciduous forest. A better understanding of evapotranspiration processes and their controls in these forests would help to better quantify water availability at local and regional scales and to evaluate the impacts of future climate change on water resources in the region.</h1></p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Les systèmes écologiques sont des systèmes complexes qui ne peuvent pas être d´écrits par un unique modèle mathématique. De nombreux modèles peuvent être construits pour un même système, selon les internets du modélisateur et ses choix dans la construction du modèle. Quel est l’impact de ces choix dans la construction du modèle sur les prédictions de la dynamique des systèmes écologiques et les informations qu’elles fournissent sur la résilience de ces systèmes est la question générale qui guide le travail présente dans cette thèse. Cette thèses focalise sur un choix entre formulations de modèle basées sur des mécanismes biologiques et qui décrivent les données empiriques avec la même efficacité. Ces modèles sont proches l’un de l’autre, donc on s’attendrait `a ce que leurs prédictions soient similaires. Cependant, nous montrons avec un exemple générique de modèle prédateur-proie que des formulations similaires du processus de prédation peuvent prédire des dynamiques qualitativement différentes en terme de: (i) nombre et type d'états stables, et (ii) réponse et résilience du système face à une perturbation extérieure. Ces différences dans les prédictions du modèle sont expliquées par une analyse mathématique détaillée du modèle prédateur-proie. Ensuite, ce modèle est étendu à des réseaux trophiques compos´es de dizaines d’espèces. La complexité de ces réseaux (nombre d'espèces et d’interactions) explique leur persistance, alors que leur dynamique temporelle est fortement affectée par la fonction utilisée pour modéliser la prédation. Des méthodes sont ´également proposées pour quantifier la sensibilités d’un modèle. Finalement, nous montrons que si un minimum de détails biologiques sont pris en compte, des modèles prédateurs-proies sont moins sensibles `a la formulation de la prédation. Ceci nous donne des pistes pour gérer les incertitudes dans la construction d’un modèle, qui sont intrinsèques à la complexité des systèmes naturels. / Ecological systems are complex systems which cannot be described by a single mathematical model. Multiple modelsof a same system can be built, depending on modeller’s interests and on its choices during model construction. Howfar these choices in model construction can affect the predicted dynamics of ecological systems and the informationthey provide on their resilience? is the general question that leads the research presented in this thesis. This thesisfocuses on a choice between model formulations that are based on biological mechanisms and describe empiricaldata with the same accuracy. These models are close to each other, so they are expected to predict similar systemdynamics. However, we show through a generic example of predator-prey model that similar formulations of thepredation process can predict qualitatively different system dynamics in term of: (i) number and type of stablestates, and (ii) system response to external disturbance and its potential for recovery. These differences in modelpredictions are explained by a detailed mathematical analysis of the predator-prey model. Next, this model isextended to complex food webs made of tens of species. The complexity of these networks (number of species andinteractions) drives their persistence, whereas their temporal dynamics is strongly affected by the function used tomodel predation. Methods to quantify model sensitivity are also proposed. Finally, we show that if a minimumlevel of biological details is included, predator-prey models are less sensitive to predation formulation. This providea clue to deal with uncertainties in model construction, which are intrinsic to the complexity of natural systems.

In dieser Arbeit werden Konzepte für die Diagnostik der großskaligen Zirkulation in der Troposphäre und Stratosphäre entwickelt. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf dem Energiehaushalt, auf der Wellenausbreitung und auf der Interaktion der atmosphärischen Wellen mit dem Grundstrom. Die Konzepte werden hergeleitet, wobei eine neue Form des lokalen Eliassen-Palm-Flusses unter Einbeziehung der Feuchte eingeführt wird. Angewendet wird die Diagnostik dann auf den Reanalysedatensatz ERA-Interim und einen durch beobachtete Meerestemperatur- und Eisdaten angetriebenen Lauf des ECHAM6 Atmosphärenmodells. Die diagnostischen Werkzeuge zur Analyse der großskaligen Zirkulation sind einerseits nützlich, um das Verständnis der Dynamik des Klimasystems weiter zu fördern. Andererseits kann das gewonnene Verständnis des Zusammenhangs von Energiequellen und -senken sowie deren Verknüpfung mit synoptischen und planetaren Wellensystemen und dem resultierenden Antrieb des Grundstroms auch verwendet werden, um Klimamodelle auf die korrekte Wiedergabe dieser Beobachtungen zu prüfen. Hier zeigt sich, dass die Abweichungen im untersuchten ECHAM6-Modelllauf bezüglich des Energiehaushalts klein sind, jedoch teils starke Abweichungen bezüglich der Ausbreitung von atmosphärischen Wellen existieren. Planetare Wellen zeigen allgemein zu große Intensitäten in den Eliassen-Palm-Flüssen, während innerhalb der Strahlströme der oberen Troposphäre der Antrieb des Grundstroms durch synoptische Wellen verfälscht ist, da deren vertikale Ausbreitung gegenüber den Beobachtungen verschoben ist. Untersucht wird auch der Einfluss von arktischen Meereisänderungen ausgehend vom Bedeckungsminimum im August/September bis in den Winter. Es werden starke positive Temperaturanomalien festgestellt, welche an der Oberfläche am größten sind. Diese führen vor allem im Herbst zur Intensivierung von synoptischen Systemen in den arktischen Breiten, da die Stabilität der troposphärischen Schichtung verringert ist. Im darauffolgenden Winter stellen sich barotrope bis in die Stratosphäre reichende Änderungen der großskaligen Zirkulation ein, welche auf Meereisänderungen zurückzuführen sind. Der meridionale Druckgradient sinkt und führt so zu einem Muster ähnlich einer negativen Phase der arktischen Oszillation in der Troposphäre und einem geschwächten Polarwirbel in der Stratosphäre. Diese Zusammenhänge werden ebenfalls in einem ECHAM6-Modelllauf untersucht, wobei vor allem der Erwärmungstrend in der Arktis zu gering ist. Die großskaligen Veränderungen im Winter können zum Teil auch im Modelllauf festgestellt werden, jedoch zeigen sich insbesondere in der Stratosphäre Abweichungen für die Periode mit der geringsten Eisausdehnung. Die vertikale Ausbreitung planetarer Wellen von der Troposphäre in die Stratosphäre ist in ECHAM6 mit sehr großen Abweichungen wiedergegeben. Somit stellt die Wellenausbreitung insgesamt den größten in dieser Arbeit festgestellten Mangel in ECHAM6 dar. / In this study concepts for the diagnostics of the large-scale circulation in the troposphere and the stratosphere are developed. Therefore the energy budget, wave propagation and the interaction between waves and the mean flow are analyzed. A corresponding set of diagnostic methods is derived. Furthermore a new type of localized Eliassen Palm Fluxes including moisture fluxes is introduced. These diagnostic methods are then applied to the ERA-Interim reanalysis and to a run of the ECHAM6 atmospheric model forced with observed sea surface temperatures and sea ice data. The diagnostics of the large scale circulation are useful to enhance the understanding of the climate system dynamics. Furthermore the knowledge of the relation between energy sources and sinks, atmospheric waves on planetary and synoptic scales and their forcing of the mean flow is applicable to validate global climate models. The results presented here show small deviations in terms of the energy balance in ECHAM6 but large discrepancies in terms of wave propagation. On the one hand Eliassen Palm fluxes connected to planetary waves are generally too strong. On the other hand the mean flow forcing within upper tropospheric jet streams by synoptic scale waves does not agree with observations, since the vertical propagation is shifted. A second part of this study analyses the influence of Arctic sea ice anomalies at the sea ice minimum in August/September on atmospheric conditions. Strong positive temperature anomalies with their maximum at the surface are observed. In autumn they lead to intensified synoptic scale systems, because of a reduced atmospheric vertical stability. A large-scale barotropic circulation pattern up to the stratosphere appears in winter related to previous late summer sea ice changes. A reduced meridional pressure gradient leads to a pattern related to a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation in the troposp here as well as related to a weaker stratospheric polar vortex. The same analysis performed with an ECHAM6 model run shows a too small warming of Arctic latitudes. While tropospheric changes in the Arctic are covered by the model to some degree, the stratosphere shows large discrepancies in reproducing the observed changes in the low ice period. The vertical propagation of planetary waves from the troposphere into the stratosphere is reproduced with large differences. Accordingly this study shows the largest errors in ECHAM6 related to atmospheric wave propagation.

Submitted by Daniele Amaral (daniee_ni@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-26T19:12:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWPTG.pdf: 8829688 bytes, checksum: b3e17827424a33d80b946014119c4790 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:33:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWPTG.pdf: 8829688 bytes, checksum: b3e17827424a33d80b946014119c4790 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:33:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWPTG.pdf: 8829688 bytes, checksum: b3e17827424a33d80b946014119c4790 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseWPTG.pdf: 8829688 bytes, checksum: b3e17827424a33d80b946014119c4790 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Aphids are important pests in agriculture, mainly because they are vectors of phyto-pathogenic virus. One of the ways to control these insects, is the use of botanical insecticides. However in order to the control to be effective it is also necessary to know their biological characteristics. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioactivity of several plant extracts upon Toxoptera citricidus, presently considered one of the most important pests of citric plantations. For this purpose its life cycle has been studies and important metabolic processes as: consumption, production, respiration and excretion were quantified. Based on these data the species life table and energy budget were constructed. The bioactivity of 11 species of plants including a nanoformulation of the neen, Azadirachta indica, was evaluated through acute toxicity tests. T. citricidus was maintained on Citrus limonia under controlled constant conditions in the laboratory. Among these 5 had insecticide activity upon T. citricidus causing mortality to 80 % of the individuals tested or more. The lethal median concentration (CL50 48h) varied from 0.17 to 4.10 mg/mL for the nynphal phases and from 0.30 to 5.01 mg/mL to adults thus evidencing insecticide properties and presenting high to be used in the management of this pest. A magnetic nuclear ressonance of honeydew, the excretion product of this aphid, evidenced the presence of important aminoacids besides carbohydrates allowing an advance in the knowledge on aphid-ants and aphid- host plant. The total energy budget of of T. citricidus varied According to the aphid age. Mean daily energy consumption were 0.3717 cal for nymphs and 0.4761cal for adults. The energy fraction invested in production by T. citricidus was high, with a mean value around 60%, evidencing high efficiency of energy retention. It was concluded that considering its biological characteristics T. citricidus has a relevant role in the energy transference across the ecosystem. / Os afídeos são importantes pragas na agricultura, principalmente por serem vetores de vírus fitopatogênicos. Entre as formas de controle desses insetos, estão incluídos os inseticidas botânicos, no entanto, para que o seu controle seja eficiente é necessário também que se conheçam as suas características biológicas. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a bioatividade de diversos extratos vegetais sobre Toxoptera citricidus, considerado uma das mais importantes pragas das plantações cítricas. Para isso foi estudado o ciclo de vida e quantificados importantes processos metabólicos, como: consumo, produção, respiração e excreção, e com base nestes, determinado o balanço energético e construída a tabela de vida da espécie. A bioatividade de 11 espécies de plantas incluindo uma nanoformulação do nim, Azadirachta indica, foi avaliada por meio de toxicidade aguda. Para isso T. citricidus foi mantida sobre Citrus limonia em condições controladas e contantes de laboratório. Destas, 5 espécies tiveram ação inseticida sobre T. citricidus, causando mortalidade igual ou superior a 80%. A concentração letal mediana (CL50) variou de 0,17 a 4,10 mg/mL para ninfas e de 0,30 a 5,01 mg/mL para adultos, assim evidenciando propriedades inseticidas e apresentando elevado potencial para serem utilizados no manejo dessa praga. Uma análise por ressonância magnética nuclear do honeydew permitiu evidenciar a presença de importantes aminoácidos além de carboidratos permitindo aprofundar o conhecimento sobre as interações afídeo-formiga e afídeoplanta hospedeira. O balanço energético total do T. citricidus variou dependendo da idade do afídeo. O consumo energético diário foi em média 0,3717 cal para as ninfas e de 0,4761 cal para os adultos. A fração energética à produção foi bastante elevada, em média 60%, evidenciando alta eficiência na retenção de energia. Conclui-se que T. citricidus tem importante papel na transferência de energia através dos ecossistemas.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux appendiculaires, et plus particulièrement à l'espèce Oikopleura dioica, qui appartiennent au groupe du mésozooplancton. Toutes leurs particularités découlent principalement de leurs caractéristiques anatomiques et physiologiques : ils sécrètent une extra-structure, appelée logette, dans laquelle ils vivent dont ils contrôlent le contenu qualitatif et quantitatif en nourriture. Nous avons développé un modèle détaillant les processus liés à l'acquisition d'énergie chez Oikopleura dioica, à savoir la filtration, l'ingestion et l'assimilation. Le modèle proposé reproduit plusieurs données de la littérature, et notamment l'accumulation de nourriture dans la logette, tout en proposant une formulation originale de l'ingestion et de l'assimilation. Les résultats suggèrent qu'à de faibles valeurs de concentration alimentaire la taille des pelotes fécales n'ait pas la même proportionnalité par rapport à la taille de l'organisme qu'à des valeurs de concentration plus importantes. Egalement, il apparaît que la logette constitue une structure pouvant retarder d'une heure et demie le début de la perception d'une période de rupture alimentaire du milieu par l'organisme. En utilisant la théorie des budgets dynamiques d'énergie (DEB), nous avons élaboré un modèle standard ne représentant pas explicitement les logettes ni leurs effets sur les processus d'acquisition de l'énergie. Nous avons ensuite, sur la base de ce premier modèle sans logette, décliné une seconde version du modèle représentant explicitement les logettes ainsi que leurs effets sur les processus d'acquisition de l'énergie. / In this thesis, we studied the appendicularian, specifically the species Oikopleura dioica, which are members of the mesozooplankton group. Their particular features are due to their anatomical and physiological characteristics: they secrete an extra-corporal structure, called house, where they live and use as food reservoir. As such, they control its qualitative and quantitative content. We developed a model detailing the processes of filtration, ingestion and assimilation. We formulated an original mathematical representation of the physiology of this organism which integrates the current knowledge about the above-mentioned processes. The simulations results were used to investigate the mechanisms involved in the production of fecal pellets. The results suggest that the proportionality between fecal pellet size and organism size is not the same for low and high values of environmental food concentration. Moreover the house could delay of about one and half hours the organism perception of the beginning of an alimentary interruption.Using the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory, we developed a standard model which does not take into account the house production nor its impacts on energy acquisition processes. We then proposed a second version of the model which explicitly represents the houses and their effects on energy acquisition process. The results about sizes simulations are significantly different between the two model versions.

Depuis les travaux pionniers de Brown et Roshko portant sur les effets des variations de masse volumique au sein de l’écoulement de couche de mélange, plusieurs autres études tant théoriques, expérimentales ou numériques se sont attelées à étudier finement cet écoulement. Les motivations sont d’ordre pratiques (industrie de la chimie, l’aérodynamique, la combustion . . .) ou alors purement théoriques (rôle des structures cohérentes, instabilités secondaires. . .). Ces études se sont intéressées, entre autres, aux effets de compressibilité et/ou de masse volumique variable. A notre connaissance, les effets des variations de viscosité dans la configuration de couche de mélange sont peu abordés dans la littérature. L’objectif de ces travaux de recherche est l’exploration théorique et numérique de l’écoulement de couche de mélange temporelle à viscosité variable, plus particulièrement durant sa phase initiale de développement. D’un point de vu numérique, les équations de Navier-Stokes sont résolues,en formulation faiblement compressible, au moyen du solveur CHOC-WAVES, basé sur le schéma WENO. L’approche DNS est justifiée par l’absence, dans la littérature, de modèles de sous-maille capables de prendre en compte les effets de la viscosité variable. Les équations de transport des différentes grandeurs moyennes et fluctuantes en un point et en chaque échelle (bilan d’énergie cinétique) sont réécrites en formulations incompressible et à viscosité variable. Des termes supplémentaires, engendrés par les variations spatio-temporelles de la viscosité, apparaissent dans ces équations. Celles-ci sont utilisées comme outil, afin d’explorer l’écoulement de couche de mélange et d’étudier le développement de la turbulence dans un milieu hétérogène. Les rapports de viscosité simulés sont Rv = [1−18]. Les résultats numériques montrent que l’épaisseur de la zone de mélange δθ évolue plus rapidement lorsque le rapport de viscosité Rv est élevé. De même, les gradients verticaux de la vitesse longitudinale sont amplifiés par les gradients de viscosité, un gain de près de 60%, par rapport aux valeurs initiales, est observé. La production de l’énergie cinétique turbulente est également amplifiée.L’évolution temporelle des fluctuations des vitesse est accélérée, celles-ci sont augmentées de près de 120% par rapport à l’écoulement à viscosité constante. Le régime autosimilaire du tenseur de Reynolds est atteint plus rapidement par l’écoulement à viscosité variable et l’isotropie des fluctuations de vitesse est améliorée. / Since the pioneering work of Brown and Roshko on the effects of density variations within the mixed layer flow, several other theoretical, experimental and numerical studies harnessed to finely investigate this flow. The motivations are of practical order (chemical industry, aerodynamics, combustion. . .) or purely theoretical (the role of coherent structures,secondary instabilities). These studies have focused on, among others, the effects of compressibility and/or variable density. To our knowledge, the effects of viscosity variations in the mixing layer configuration are not discussed in the literature. The objective of this researchis the theoretical and numerical exploration of the variable viscosity temporal mixedlayer flow, especially during its initial phase of development. From a numerical viewpoint, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved in weakly compressible formulation, using the solver CHOC-WAVES, based on WENO scheme. The DNS approach is justified by the absence in the literature of subgrid models that account for the effects of variable viscosity. The transport equations of different mean and fluctuating quantities at a point and each scale (scale-by-scale energy budget) are rewritten in incompressible and variable-viscosity formulation. Additional terms, generated by the spatial and temporal variations of viscosity occur in these equations. These are used as a tool to explore the mixed layer flow and study the development of turbulence in a heterogeneous environment. The simulated viscosity ratios are Rv = [1 − 18]. The numerical results show that the mixing layer thickness δθ growsfaster when the viscosity ratio Rv is high. The vertical gradients of the longitudinal mean velocity are amplified by the viscosity gradients, a gain of almost 60 %, compared to initial values was observed. The production of turbulent kinetic energy is also amplified. The temporal evolution of the velocity fluctuations is accelerated, they are increased to nearly 120 % with respect to the constant viscosity flow. The self-similar regime of the Reynolds tensor is reached more quickly by the variable viscosity flow and the isotropy of the velocity fluctuations is improved.

L’urbanisation croissante fait émerger des enjeux sociétaux et environnementaux relatifs à la pollution atmosphérique et au microclimat urbain. La compréhension des phénomènes physiques de transport de quantité de mouvement, de chaleur et de masse entre la canopée urbaine et la couche limite atmosphérique est primordiale pour évaluer et anticiper les impacts négatifs de l’urbanisation. Les processus turbulents spécifiques à la couche limite urbaine sont étudiés par une approche de simulation des grandes échelles, dans une configuration urbaine représentée par un arrangement de cubes en quinconce. Le modèle de sous-maille de type Smagorinsky dynamique est implémenté pour mieux prendre en compte l’hétérogénéité de l’écoulement et les retours d’énergie des petites vers les grandes structures. Le nombre de Reynolds basé sur la hauteur du domaine et la vitesse de l’écoulement libre est de 50000. L’écoulement est résolu dans les sous-couches visqueuses et le maillage est raffiné dans la canopée. Le domaine est composé de 28 millions de cellules. Les résultats sont comparés à la littérature et aux données récentes obtenues dans la soufflerie du LHEEA. Chaque contribution au bilan d’énergie cinétique turbulente est calculée directement en tout point. Cette information, rare dans la littérature, permet d’étudier les processus dans la sous couche rugueuse. Grâce à ces résultats 3D, l’organisation complexe de l’écoulement moyen (recirculations, vorticité, points singuliers) est analysée en relation avec la production de turbulence. Enfin, une simulation où les obstacles sont remplacés par une force de traînée équivalente est réalisée à des fins d’évaluation de cette approche. / The rapid development of urbanization raises social and environmental challenges related to air pollution and urban climate. Understanding the physical processes of momentum, heat, and mass exchanges between the urban canopy and the atmospheric boundary-layer is a key to assess,predict and prevent negative impacts of urbanization. The turbulent processes occurring in the urban boundary-layer are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The unsteady flow over an urban-like canopy modelled by a staggered arrangement of cubes is simulated using large eddy simulation (LES). Considering the highspatial and temporal in homogeneity of the flow, a dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model is implemented in the code to allow energyback scatter from small to large scales. The Reynolds number based on the domain height and free-stream velocity is 50000. The near-wall viscous sub-layers are resolved and the grid is refined in the canopy resulting in about 28 million grid cells. LES results are assessed by comparison with literature and data recently acquired in the wind tunnel of the LHEEA. The turbulent kinetic energy budget in which all contributions are independently computed is investigated. These rarely available data are used to analyse the turbulent processes in the urban canopy. By taking advantage of the three-dimensionality of the simulated flow, the complex 3D time-averaged organization of the flow (recirculation, vorticesor singular points) is analyzed in relation with production of turbulence. Finally a drag approach where obstacles are replaced by an equivalent drag force is implemented in the same domain and results are compared to obstacle-resolved data.

Nesta tese investigou-se os padrões microclimáticos, de fluxos de energia e CO2 em uma floresta em planície de inundação da Ilha do Bananal, com ênfase nos efeitos da inundação sazonal nas variáveis atmosféricas e na produtividade do ecossistema, além de estimativas de fluxos aquáticos evasivos de CO2 e CH4. Para tanto, foram utilizadas técnicas micrometeorológicas de vórtices turbulentos, estimativas de armazenamento vertical de CO2 e dados medidos em uma torre micrometeorológica no período de 2004 a 2014, além de campanhas específicas para medidas de fluxos evasivos. Embora existam ciclos sazonais bem definidos de precipitação, temperatura do ar e umidade na região, controlados pela oferta radiativa, esta não explica diretamente as variações na evapotranspiração quando se busca explicá-la pelo aumento da disponibilidade energética. O particionamento da energia disponível aponta para um domínio do calor latente em comparação ao sensível durante períodos de decaimento do saldo de radiação, configurando um padrão peculiar não reportado na literatura. Os dados de temperatura do ar, precipitação pluviométrica, fluxos turbulentos de CO2 e fluxos energéticos (LE e H) mostraram uma possível influência das secas que ocorreram no lado oeste da região, também neste sítio experimental do leste. Os anos de 2005 e 2010 foram mais quentes, pouco chuvosos e mais secos que os demais anos da série de dados, e em 2010 ocorreu a menor produtividade líquida da estação seca. A inundação mostrou ter um papel importante nos fluxos de CO2, fazendo com que a produtividade bruta, a respiração do ecossistema e a produtividade líquida diminuam, somando-se os efeitos esperados pelo controle radiativo. A produtividade líquida respondeu aos efeitos da inundação semanas antes desta iniciar na torre, persistindo seus efeitos até algumas semanas depois, com a diminuição da produtividade. Já a respiração do ecossistema e a produtividade primária bruta mostraram ser mais sensíveis ao início da estação seca, com uma interrupção no declínio atribuído à inundação, provavelmente devido ao favorecimento da decomposição de matéria orgânica suspensa na água. Os resultados dos fluxos de carbono sugerem uma alta assimilação de CO2 pela floresta, o que requer corroboração através de medidas biométricas, não sendo, contudo, descartada a confiabilidade dos resultados. Os resultados da campanha para medidas de fluxos evasivos mostraram que o rio é uma fonte de CO2 para a atmosfera, e tanto o rio quanto a superfície vegetada atuam como fonte de CH4 para a atmosfera, com maior contribuição da superfície vegetada. As concentrações de metano e carbono na água foram superiores ás amostragens da atmosfera, o que já era esperado conforme os estudos existentes na literatura. / This thesis investigated the microclimate, CO2 and energy fluxes patterns at a forest in floodplain of Bananal Island, with emphasis on the seasonal flooding effects in atmospheric variables and ecosystem productivity, as well as estimates of evasive water CO2 and CH4 fluxes. To carry it out, micrometeorological eddy covariance technique was associated, vertical storage CO2 estimates and measured data in a micrometeorological tower from 2004 to 2014, as well as specific campaigns for evasive fluxes measures. Although there are welldefined seasonal cycles of precipitation, air temperature and humidity in the area controlled by the radiative offer, it does not directly explain the variations in evapotranspiration when seeking for explain it by the increase in energy availability. Partitioning of the available energy points to a latent heat flux domain compared to sensible heat flux during net radiation decay periods, showing a peculiar pattern not reported in the literature. The data air temperature, rainfall, eddy CO2 and energy fluxes (LE and H) showed a possible influence of droughts that occurred on the west side of the region, in this experimental site from the east. The years 2005 and 2010 were warmer, little rainy and drier than the other years of the data series, and in 2010 had the lowest net productivity of the dry season. The flood was shown to have an important role in CO2 streams, causing the gross productivity, ecosystem respiration and the net productivity decrease, adding to the effects expected by the radiative control. The net productivity responded to the effects of flooding weeks before this start in the tower, continuing its effects until a few weeks later, with decreasing productivity. Already ecosystem respiration and gross primary productivity proved to be more sensitive to early dry season, with an interruption in the decline attributed to flooding, probably due to favoring the decomposition of organic matter suspended in the water. The results of the carbon fluxes suggest a high CO2 assimilation by forest, which requires corroboration through biometric measurements and are not, however, ruled out the reliability of the results. The results of the campaign to evasive flux measurements showed that the river is a CO2 source to the atmosphere, and both the river and the vegetated surface act as a CH4 source to the atmosphere, with a greater contribution of the vegetated surface. Methane and carbon concentrations in the water were higher ace sampling the atmosphere, which was expected as existing studies in the literature.