Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / At the beginning of the XXI century, more specifically in the last decade, the state of Sergipe, north-eastern region of Brazil, became destination for groups of foreign immigrants who started their businesses in the state, among these entrepreneurial immigrants, a group of Italians active in area of real estate development and construction. A case study based on the analytical approach of mixed embeddedness was conducted on this group with a theoretical focus on post-industrial theories. In the mentioned model, the individual (entrepreneur) and his/ her relations don´t have total centrality as object of analysis, but also the “structure of opportunities” in which they are inserted and also the political-institutional framework in force in a given time and place are considered for analyses. In the analysis of this process are also implied the exploration of forms of capital and the resources mobilized by those entrepreneurs. The study evidenced that in the experience and performance of the Italians in Sergipe, the fragility experienced by them in terms of social capital and, to some extent, human capital, was shown to be ameliorated by high economic capital and, to some extent, also by ethnic capital. It was demonstrated that an adequate understanding of the business dynamics of this group requires an evaluation of how they manage to mobilize said forms of capital within the specific political, social and economic framework of Sergipe region in the period. / Neste início de século XXI, mais especificamente na última década, o estado de Sergipe, na região nordeste do Brasil, passou a ser destino de grupos de imigrantes empreendedores estrangeiros que abriram negócios no estado. Entre esses imigrantes empreendedores, um grupo de italianos atuantes na área de incorporação imobiliária e construção civil. Na abordagem de tal grupo, foi conduzido um estudo de caso, sob a perspectiva analítica do mixed embeddedness, priorizando o enfoque teórico nas teorias pós-industriais, em vistas de explicação do referido movimento migratório. No referido modelo, o indivíduo (empreendedor) e suas relações deixam de ter total centralidade enquanto objeto de análise, para se considerar também a importância da estrutura de oportunidades na qual se insere e ainda o quadro político-institucional vigente em dado tempo e local. Na análise do caso, são implicados ainda a exploração das formas de capital e dos recursos mobilizados por tais empreendedores. O estudo indicou que na experiência e desempenho dos italianos em Sergipe, a fragilidade vivenciada em termos de capital social no que tange ao local de destino e, de algum modo, do capital humano, mostrou ser amenizado por meio do alto capital econômico e, em certa medida, também do capital étnico do qual são detentores. Constatou-se que uma adequada compreensão da dinâmica dos negócios desse grupo, requer uma avaliação de como conseguem mobilizar as referidas formas de capital dentro do específico quadro político, social e econômico da região de Sergipe no período. / São Cristóvão, SE

Esta dissertação analisa a economia política do processo de internacionalização de empresas privadas brasileiras ocorrido durante o governo Lula (2003-2010). A partir de 2005, verificou-se uma expansão do investimento direto brasileiro no exterior, resultado de uma política do governo federal destinada a formar grandes empresas transnacionais capazes de concorrer internacionalmente. Grandes fusões, aquisições e projetos de investimentos no exterior foram financiados por recursos públicos, no âmbito da política industrial operada pelo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES), principal banco estatal de fomento ao setor privado no país. Uma característica importante desse movimento foi a concentração em setores nos quais o Brasil já é competitivo, como os intensivos em trabalho e recursos naturais, em contradição com diretrizes originalmente estabelecidas pela própria política industrial do governo Lula, que preconizava o incentivo a indústrias mais intensivas em tecnologia. Utilizando a abordagem institucional das \"variedades de capitalismo\", argumenta-se que isso ocorreu porque a política de internacionalização de empresas pautou-se por demandas de curto prazo de grupos econômicos privados, refletindo características institucionais mais gerais da economia brasileira. / This dissertation analyzes the political economy of the internationalization process of Brazilian private companies occurred during Lula administration (2003-2010). Since 2005, there was an expansion of Brazilian foreign direct investment abroad, as a result of a federal government policy intended to form large corporations able to compete internationally. Major mergers, acquisitions and investment projects abroad were financed by public funds under the industrial policy operated by National Bank of Economic and Social Development (BNDES), the main state bank to support the private sector in the country. An important feature of this movement was the focus on sectors in which Brazil is already competitive, as the labor and natural resources intensives sectors, in conflict with guidelines established by the same industrial policy of the Lula government, which advocated the support of more technology-intensive industries. Using the institutional approach of \"varieties of capitalism\", it is argued that this occurred because the internationalization policy was guided by short-term demands of private economic groups, reflecting wider institutional characteristics of the Brazilian economy.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-07-13T19:37:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Gabrieli_Camargo2018.pdf: 993869 bytes, checksum: ef708a0d9f990e50a018dea4c024e891 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T19:37:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Gabrieli_Camargo2018.pdf: 993869 bytes, checksum: ef708a0d9f990e50a018dea4c024e891 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / The entrepreneurship ideology has been highlighted in the educational field through recent years and it is giving education a business character. Hence, the need to question this ideology in order to understand what entrepreneurship is, in what this "educational ideology" is based on and what is Competence Pedagogy? Finally, what is the Young Entrepreneurs First Steps course and how does it deal with the entrepreneurship ideology? To answer these questions, the general objective is to analyze the material proposed by the SEBRAE program called: Jovens Empreendedores Primeiros Passos - JEPP (Young Entrepreneurs First Steps), responsible for the dissemination of entrepreneurial ideology in basic education schools. The main objectives are: to investigate international guidelines for entrepreneurship and the pedagogy of competencies; to point out the relations between entrepreneurship and the pedagogy of competences in basic education; analyze SEBRAE’s JEPP course, understanding how the material deals with the ideology of entrepreneurship in basic education schools. The research is organized into four chapters: in the first, there are some considerations about the world of work, the state and social policies; in the second, the World Bank and its influences on basic education are discussed; in the third, the competence pedagogy as a reproduction of the world of work is presented; and in the fourth, the Young Entrepreneurs First Steps course is explained. For the development of the research, a bibliographical and documentary investigation was carried out both using primary and secondary sources, considering the social, cultural, economic and political elements fundamental to the research. / A ideologia do empreendedorismo vem ganhando visibilidade no campo educacional, nos últimos anos, propiciando à educação um caráter empresarial. Por isso, surgiu a necessidade de questionar essa ideologia, buscando compreender o que é o empreendedorismo e: como tal “ideologia educacional” está fundamentada? O que é a Pedagogia das Competências? E, por fim, o que é o curso Jovens Empreendedores Primeiros Passos e como esse trata a ideologia do empreendedorismo? Para responder essas questões, postula-se como objetivo geral analisar o material proposto pelo programa do SEBRAE denominado: Jovens Empreendedores Primeiros Passos (JEPP), responsável pela disseminação da ideologia empreendedora em escolas de educação básica. Os objetivos específicos são: investigar as orientações internacionais para o empreendedorismo e a pedagogia das competências; caracterizar as relações entre o empreendedorismo e a pedagogia das competências na educação básica e; analisar o curso JEPP do SEBRAE, compreendendo como o material trata a ideologia do empreendedorismo nas escolas de educação básica. A pesquisa está organizada em quatro capítulos: no primeiro, há algumas considerações sobre o mundo do trabalho, o Estado e as políticas sociais; no segundo, aborda-se sobre o Banco Mundial e suas influências para o campo da educação básica; no terceiro, apresenta-se a pedagogia das competências como reprodução do mundo do trabalho; e, no quarto, explana-se sobre o curso Jovens Empreendedores Primeiros Passos. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi realizada uma investigação bibliográfica e documental tanto em fontes primárias como em fontes secundárias, considerando os elementos sociais, culturais, econômicos e políticos fundamentais para a pesquisa.

Esta dissertação analisa o comportamento do primeiro grupo de empresários paulistas, responsáveis pela criação de infra-estrutura e implantação de serviços urbanos na cidade de São Paulo. Para a realização deste trabalho foram selecionados os principais investidores, com destaque para Antonio Proost Rodovalho. / This dissertation deals with the first group of entrepreneurs of São Paulo, who implanted substructure in the city. We selected the prime entrepreneurs, distinguishing Antonio Proost Rodovalho.

This research investigates the potential incentives have on driving behaviour change towards the adoption of sustainable business practices by rural tourism operators in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Even though operators in rural BC have recognized the importance of making their business practices sustainable so that future generations are able to enjoy living and visiting these communities, they claim there is a lack of incentives from the industry. To support the BC rural tourism industry in attaining its aspiration to enhance the social/cultural, environmental and economic well being of the province, a model and corresponding recommendations on how to better support operators through strategic incentives was developed. Using the lens of strategic sustainable development, understanding the mechanisms of behaviour change and the role of operators as early adopters of sustainable practices, this research takes a whole systems perspective to identify in what ways sustainability can be encouraged by the tourism industry through the use of incentives in the context of rural BC.

Bakgrund Investerare som direktinvesterar i företag måste hantera risk som del av beslutsfattandet. Forskning visar att entreprenörerna i sådana företag är en faktor som investerare lägger stor vikt vid i utvärderingen av en potentiell investering. Studien genomför djupgående kvalitativ forskning kring humankapitalets roll och betydelse i investeringsprocesser för investerare vilket inte är lika vanligt förekommande som kvantitativa studier inom detta forskingsområde.  Syfte Huvudsyftet med studien är att, på ett deskriptivt sätt, undersöka humankapitalets roll i investeringsprocessen. Studien syftar även till att undersöka vilken betydelse humankapitalet har för beslutsunderlaget i utvärderingsprocessen. Teoretiskt perspektiv Teoretiska referensramen består av ett antal teorier och vetenskapliga artiklar inom Asymmetrisk informationsteori samt Humankapitalteori. Även annan relevant tidigare forskning som berör studiens område har använts. Asymmetrisk informationsteori hanteras utifrån Pecking Order teorin, Agentteorin samt artikeln Market for lemons (Akerlof, 1970). Humankapitalteorin hanteras med hjälp av definitioner och studier utförda av Becker (1964, 1993), Schultz (1960), Cressy (1996), Mincer (1958) och Gardner (1973). Tidigare forskning inom den teoretiska referensramen består av Hsu et al. (2014), Landström (1998), Mason & Stark (2004) och Mason & Harrison (2003). Vidare har två förklaringsmodeller vid beslutsfattande använts: Compensatory model samt Elimination-by-aspect.     Metod Studien genomfördes utifrån en abduktiv ansats och använde sig av en tvärsnittsdesign där sex investerare undersöktes vid olika tidpunkter. En kvalitativ forskningsstrategi applicerades och undersökningsmetoden bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer som genom en iterativ arbetsprocess genererade empiri. Slutsatser Studien visar att humankapitalet dels har betydelse som ett verktyg för att överkomma asymmetrisk information i syfte att underlätta investeringsbeslutet, men även för att inhämta fackkunskaper från entreprenörerna. Vidare noterades att entreprenörernas ålder var en viktig faktor i investeringsbeslutet. Sammantaget verkar humankapitalet spela en avgörande roll i beslutsprocessen hos majoriteten av investerarna. / Background Investors that invest directly in companies need to manage risk as a part of their decision making. Studies have shown that the existence of entrepreneurs within companies is an important factor for investors when evaluating a potential investment. This study conducts qualitative research into the role and significance that human capital plays in the investment process for investors, which is not as common as quantitative studies in this particular field. Goal The goal of the study is to investigate the role, as well as the degree of importance, that human capital plays when making investment decisions.  Theoretical perspective The theoretical basis consists of several theories and scientific articles concerning asymmetrical information theory as well as the theory of human capital. Furthermore, relevant earlier research pertaining to the subject has been used. Asymmetrical information theory is handled through the Pecking Order theory, Agency Theory and the article ‘Market for Lemons’ (Akerlof, 1970). The Human capital theory is handled with the help, definitions and studies performed by Becker (1964, 1993), Schultz (1960), Cressy (1996), Mincer (1958) and Gardner (1973). Earlier research in the theoretical field consists of Hsu et. al (2014), Landström (1998), Mason & Stark (2004), and Mason & Harrison (2003). Two different explanatory models about decision-making were used – The Compensatory Model and ‘Elimination-by-aspect’. Method The study was conducted through an abductive approach and used a cross-sectional design where six cases were investigated. A qualitative research strategy was applied and the method of investigation was executed through semi-structured interviews which through an iterative work process generated empirical data. Conclusion The study finds that human capital plays a role in overcoming asymmetrical information when making investment decisions, but also as a tool for evaluating and learning from the entrepreneurs. For most investors, human capital plays a key role when deciding whether to invest or not.

This dissertation investigates regime-based efforts by states to cooperate in providing assistance and protection to refugees since 1648. It argues from a constructivist perspective that state interests and identities are shaped both by other actors in the international system - including norm entrepreneurs, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations - and by the broader normative environment. Refugees are a by-product of this environment. Fundamental institutions - including territoriality, popular sovereignty, and international law - formed a system in which exit was one of the few mechanisms of survival for those who were religiously and politically persecuted. This led states to recognize that people who were so persecuted were different from ordinary migrants and had a right to flee their own state and seek accommodation elsewhere. States recognized this right to leave, but did not recognize a requirement that any given state had a responsibility to accept these refugees. This contradiction creates a dilemma in international relations, one which states have sought to solve through international cooperation. The dissertation explores policy change within the United States and Great Britain at the international and domestic levels in order to understand the tensions within current refugee protection efforts. Three regimes, based in different normative understandings, have framed state cooperation. In the first, during the 19th century, refugees were granted protections under domestic and then bilateral law through extradition treaties. The second, in the interwar period, saw states taught by norm entrepreneurs that multilateral organizations could successfully assist refugees, though states remained unwilling to provide blanket assistance and be bound by international law. These issues led to the failure of states to accommodate Jewish refugees fleeing from Germany in the 1930s. The third, since the Second World War, had a greater consistency among its norms, especially recognition by states of the need for international law. Once again, this process was shaped by other actors, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This regime has been challenged by increased refugee numbers and restrictions on the part of states, but its central purpose remains robust due to the actions of actors such as the UNHCR. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

The master thesis deals with delegating of the work in small, rapidly growing companies. The main objective is to determine what approaches entrepreneurs apply to delegate in the growth phase of the company. The theoretical part describes the relevant theoretical concepts such as business growth, human resources in the company, analysis of entrepreneurs' work time and the work delegating. There are presented results of foreign research in this thesis that serves as the basis for my own investigation. In the methodical part the methods used and the research process are being specified together with the criteria for selecting the sample of respondents and subsequent data analysis procedure. The empirical part examines a sample of 12 entrepreneurs and presents the results of the investigation. The opinions of 97 subordinates of individual entrepreneurs are also included. Results of the research lead to the conclusion that entrepreneurs often do not use the potential of described managerial techniques, even if it would lead to the benefit of further development of the company.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-17T12:17:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 maedisondesouza.pdf: 1065184 bytes, checksum: fe416e41af9bc3134933fd7b3ba8b0df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-17T17:58:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 maedisondesouza.pdf: 1065184 bytes, checksum: fe416e41af9bc3134933fd7b3ba8b0df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T17:58:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maedisondesouza.pdf: 1065184 bytes, checksum: fe416e41af9bc3134933fd7b3ba8b0df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Esta dissertação discorre sobre o processo de desenvolvimento mineiro, marcado por forte participação do Estado e do capital estrangeiro. Focaliza a participação das entidades empresariais nesse processo, em especial a FIEMG, destacando sua defesa de um projeto de industrialização liderado pela indústria siderúrgica, no centro do estado, mas capaz de irradiar-se para as diferentes regiões de Minas. A partir da década de 1950, a FIEMG passa ao domínio de segmentos menos dinâmicos e dispersos da indústria e sua atuação tende a fixar-se na defesa de demandas imediatas do empresariado, pouco integradas num projeto global, ao lado da afirmação do corpo técnico da entidade na produção de seu discurso. Na década de 1980, em meio à crise do desenvolvimentismo e afirmação das ideias neoliberais, a FIEMG desenvolveu uma atuação afinada com o discurso das entidades nacionais da indústria, neste momento críticas à presença do Estado na economia, mas, em Minas Gerais, seu discurso manteve o apelo ao Estado para a promoção do desenvolvimento no âmbito regional. / This dissertation discusses the process of miner development, marked by strong participation of State and foreign capital. It focuses on the participation of business entities in this process, especially FIEMG, highlighting its defense of an industrialization project led by the steel industry, in the center of the state, it’s possible that radiate to the different regions of Minas. From the 1950s, the FIEMG enters the domain of less dynamic segments and scattered industry and its performance tends to settle in the defense of immediate demands of the business, little integrated into a global project, next to the statement to the staff of entity in the production of his speech. In the 1980s, during the developmentalism crisis and affirmation of neoliberal ideas, FIEMG developed a finely tuned performance with the discourse of national industry entities at this time criticism of the state presence in the economy but, in Minas Gerais, his speech retained the appeal to the state to promote the development at the regional level.

Women-owned businesses continue to drive economic growth in the United States. However, some African American businesswomen lack strategies to obtain capital to start their business. Strategies to obtain funds for a startup is vital to African American women seeking to start and sustain their businesses. Guided by entrepreneurial theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies African American women use to secure financial capital to start new businesses. The participants included 6 African American women business owners in Atlanta, Georgia, with successful experience in utilizing strategies to secure financial capital to start new businesses. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and company documents. Yin's 5-step analysis was used to analyze the data. The main themes were challenges of being an African American business woman, motivating factors leading to business ownership, and overcoming bank financing challenges. The implications for positive social change may include addressing the disparity of social, human, and financial capital to start new businesses among African American women.