Vid Åsnen pågår just nu arbetet att etablera en nationalpark för att bevara och presentera den unika naturen. Parallellt med detta arbete pågår ett projekt för att marknadsföra hela regionen som en destination. Denna uppsats behandlar turistföretagares åsikter av den pågående destinationsutvecklingen i Destination Åsnen. En kvalitativ undersökningsmetod med semi-strukturerade intervjuer har gjorts på ett urval av turistföretagarna i Åsnen. Denna metod har gett en kartläggning av turistföretagarnas åsikter och representerar den enskilda turistföretagaren i en stor destination. Dessa åsikter analyseras via jämförelser med tidigare forskning och därefter dras slutsatser om vilka följder åsikterna kan leda till för Destination Åsnen. Vår studie kommer fram till att turistföretagarnas åsikter kan få följder för destinationen. Turistföretagarnas uttryckta åsikter har identifierat brister i samarbetet som berör olika aspekter av Destination Åsnen. De identifierade bristerna som finns i destinationsutvecklingen kan innebära utmaningar för Destination Åsnens framtid. / A process has been started in order to establish a national park in the area of lake Åsnen in Småland in order to present and preserve the unique nature. Simultaneously there is another project focusing on marketing the whole region as one destination. This thesis deals with the opinions of tourism entrepreneurs of the ongoing development in Destinaion Åsnen. A qualitative research method with semi-structured interviews were conducted on a sample of the tourist companies in Åsnen. This method has identified opinions that represent individual tourism entrepreneurs in a big destination. These opinions are analyzed through comparisons with earlier research and then draws conclusions on the consequences that the opinions might lead to regarding Destination Åsnens future. Our study concludes that the opinions of the tourism entrepreneurs may have consequences for the destination. The expressed opinions have identified deficiencies in cooperation that affects various aspects of Destination Åsnen. The identified deficiencies in the present destination development may result in future challenges for Destination Åsnen.

Swedish Amnesty was founded in 1964 for the purpose of working for the release of prisoners of conscience. Forty years later the organization has expanded its realm of activity to include ideas such as women’s rights, homosexuals’ rights and corporate responsibility for human rights. When these ideas were first introduced, they challenged prevailing assumptions about what the organization should be concerned with. Adopting a longitudinal approach, this dissertation investigates how these three ideas have been transformed from organizational anomalies into organizational practices. This study contributes to organizational institutional theory in general, and the translation of ideas in particular. The study shows that the translation of ideas in an organization is characterized more by conflicting interests and power relationships than previous research in the area has suggested. Four different editing strategies through which ideas were translated into practice could be seen: assimilation, colonization, creolization, and loose coupling. The processes were driven by institutional entrepreneurs who had a personal interest in the ideas and who saw the organization as a tool for promoting their development in society. The entrepreneurs were primarily new members who were shaped more by their historical life trajectories than by the organizational context into which they had entered. The study shows that the institutionalization of ideas about new practices is an incremental process in which ideas are translated into the organization in piecemeal versions. It suggests that institutionalization is an ongoing process in which the practice changes continuously. At the same time this process is also characterized by a certain amount of stability. New practices blend elements of old ones. Finally, this study has shown that organizational identities and interests are not antecedents of action, but rather are something emerging in the translation process.

This dissertation investigates regime-based efforts by states to cooperate in providing assistance and protection to refugees since 1648. It argues from a constructivist perspective that state interests and identities are shaped both by other actors in the international system - including norm entrepreneurs, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations - and by the broader normative environment. Refugees are a by-product of this environment. Fundamental institutions - including territoriality, popular sovereignty, and international law - formed a system in which exit was one of the few mechanisms of survival for those who were religiously and politically persecuted. This led states to recognize that people who were so persecuted were different from ordinary migrants and had a right to flee their own state and seek accommodation elsewhere. States recognized this right to leave, but did not recognize a requirement that any given state had a responsibility to accept these refugees. This contradiction creates a dilemma in international relations, one which states have sought to solve through international cooperation. The dissertation explores policy change within the United States and Great Britain at the international and domestic levels in order to understand the tensions within current refugee protection efforts. Three regimes, based in different normative understandings, have framed state cooperation. In the first, during the 19th century, refugees were granted protections under domestic and then bilateral law through extradition treaties. The second, in the interwar period, saw states taught by norm entrepreneurs that multilateral organizations could successfully assist refugees, though states remained unwilling to provide blanket assistance and be bound by international law. These issues led to the failure of states to accommodate Jewish refugees fleeing from Germany in the 1930s. The third, since the Second World War, had a greater consistency among its norms, especially recognition by states of the need for international law. Once again, this process was shaped by other actors, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This regime has been challenged by increased refugee numbers and restrictions on the part of states, but its central purpose remains robust due to the actions of actors such as the UNHCR.

The main aim of the dissertation was an identification of the role of a company on the horizontal and vertical level in the tourism management on the basement of analysis of subjects involved in the destination management. The aim of the work was also to propose a system model of tools and measures that will lead to an efficient participation of a destination management company on the management of a tourism destination and to increase of the efficiency of a company in tourism. The simulation model and the scenarios of the future development of the tourism destination, which are presented in the dissertation, create a value added above the main aim of the dissertation. The main methodological approach, which was used in the dissertation, was system dynamics. This method helped to reveal the complexity of a tourism system and to identify the connections among a number of stakeholders in the destination. The partial aim of the dissertation was also a comparison of the regions of South Bohemia and Upper Austria as tourism destinations. Not only the essential tourism indicators and figures, but also the systems of the destination management and a role of a destination management company were compared. The data from the above mentioned comparison were used in the proposed system dynamic model that simulates behaviour of the tourism destination represented by the Region of South Bohemia.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-01-18T11:47:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1421814.pdf: 2970927 bytes, checksum: d68729be09b5b5a9e6a879a96156b6bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-01-18T11:47:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1421814.pdf: 2970927 bytes, checksum: d68729be09b5b5a9e6a879a96156b6bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-01-18T11:47:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1421814.pdf: 2970927 bytes, checksum: d68729be09b5b5a9e6a879a96156b6bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-18T11:47:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1421814.pdf: 2970927 bytes, checksum: d68729be09b5b5a9e6a879a96156b6bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar o impacto do microcrédito junto aos microempreendedores beneficiados pela Instituição de Microcrédito ICC-Blusol de Blumenau, Santa Catarina. De um total de 5.451 clientes foram selecionados e analisados 94, os quais obtiveram microcrédito durante os 10 últimos anos. Para testar a veracidade da afirmação, utilizou-se modelo econométrico utilizando a técnica de dados em painel, através da estimação das variáveis no modelo de efeitos fixos e efeitos aleatórios. Como variável independente utilizou-se a premissa 'Valor do Empréstimo' e como variáveis dependentes 'Vendas', 'Resultado Operacional', 'Garantia Real', 'Garantia Aval', 'Recursos Humanos', 'Custos Fixos' e 'Custos Variáveis'. Conclui -se que somente as variáveis 'Vendas' e 'Resultado Operacional' validam a afirmação de que o acesso ao microcrédito resulta em incremento de Faturamento e Renda. A criação e manutenção de empregos, embora não tenha sido comprovada na análise estatística, ficou evidente, pois a simples sobrevivência da empresa já pressupõe isto. / This study aimed at assessing the impact ofmicrocredit given to micro entrepreneurs by ICCBlusol Microfinance Institution in Blumenau, Santa Catarina. Out of a total of 5.451, 94 clients who have been given microcredit for the past 10 years were selected and analyzed. An econometric model was used in order to verify the truth of this statement. It included a panel data technique through a variables assessment in the fixed effects and random effects model. The 'Loan Amount' premi se was used as an independent variable. The dependent variables were 'Sales', 'Operational Results', 'Collateral,' 'Assurance Guarantee', 'Human Resources', 'Fixed Costs' and 'Variable Costs'. We concluded that the only variables which validate the assertion that access to microcredit results in an increase of Revenue and Income were 'Sales' and 'Operational Results'. Although not proven in the statistical analysis, creating and maintaining jobs was evident because that element alone already presupposes a company's survival.

Botswana is a middle-income economy. It has become dependent on non-renewable resources. Agriculture and manufacturing have failed to develop in a significant way. The small population has not provided adequate demand. The Government has tried a number of strategies in order to diversify the economy. One of these is the promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Unfortunately, SMEs have failed to thrive, so far. A number of researchers have concluded that SMEs will not thrive due to the fact that Botswana have low entrepreneurial skills. High failure rates are experienced where enterprises are established. The thesis identifies an alternative strategy in the development of enterprises in Botswana. It is generally believed that a franchisee does not need high levels of entrepreneurial skills to succeed. If this is so, Botswana can solve her problem of lack of sufficient enterprises by promoting franchising. The thesis uses the interview technique to assess whether existing franchisees in Botswana have low levels of entrepreneurial skills. Indeed it proves that franchisees have low skill levels compared to non-franchised entrepreneurs. Secondly, the thesis proves that franchisees in Botswana operate as employee-managers. Thirdly, the thesis establishes that franchisees perform better than non-franchised entrepreneurs, even though they have low entrepreneurial skill levels. Lastly, the thesis, using evidence from findings above, and from responses of experts interviewed, establishes that the promotion of franchising is a viable alternative strategy to one that depends solely on non-franchised enterprises.While there are some methodological limitations, like those stemming from a low and unknown franchisee population in Botswana, the use of ordinal data, use of techniques to rate their own skills, and a relatively small sample for franchised and non-franchised entrepreneurs, the statistical techniques used are powerful enough to generate reliable findings. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / D.B.L

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-04-26T18:26:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rebouças, Osório Sampaio Rocha.pdf: 6286886 bytes, checksum: 73a1601447c7470e1b8e40d63718d8d6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-04-26T18:30:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Rebouças, Osório Sampaio Rocha.pdf: 6286886 bytes, checksum: 73a1601447c7470e1b8e40d63718d8d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:30:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rebouças, Osório Sampaio Rocha.pdf: 6286886 bytes, checksum: 73a1601447c7470e1b8e40d63718d8d6 (MD5) / A categoria empresarial conhecida como Microemprendedor iniciou com a sanção da Lei Geral da Micro e Pequena Empresa. Esta lei oportuniza ao pequeno empreendedor a obtenção de tratamento diferenciado no que diz respeito a tributos, benefícios e direitos até então nunca disponibilizados aos micro e pequenos negócios. Nesta categoria empresarial, o empreendedor tem direito aos benefícios do INSS, emissão de nota fiscal, acesso a crédito, vantagens na participação de licitações e contratos públicos, dentre outras possibilidades. Nesse sentido, para que ele desfrute e usufrua desses benefícios é necessário estar em dias com suas obrigações. Para que o Microempreendedor Individual obtenha esses benefícios é preciso ter foco na criação de uma gestão eficiente e eficaz para que os resultados sejam satisfatórios. Com o objetivo de analisar os desafios da formalização enfrentados pelos Microempreendedores, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo com um grupo de empresárias do setor de serviços (Cabeleireiras) enquadradas como Microempreendedoras. O intuito principal da pesquisa é compreender o cenário mundial, nacional e local onde estão inseridos estes empreendimentos, suas práticas diárias, suas táticas operacionais e as estratégias de gestão utilizadas em seus negócios para posteriormente sugerir uma Tecnologia de Gestão Social (TGS) capaz de contribuir com a redução da inadimplência e consequentemente proporcionar uma gestão “madura” condizente com as necessidades do negócio e do mercado. A avaliação desses fatores foi realizadas através dos resultados das entrevistas com essas empresárias e também por meio de visitas a órgãos como INSS, Receita Federal, Secretaria da Micro e Pequena Empresa e SEBRAE/NA realizadas no DF durante a Residência Social. Com os resultados dessa pesquisa foi possível entender, compreender e sugerir mudanças que contribuam para obtenção de resultados econômicos e sociais benéficos não só ao empresário, mas também a sociedade como um todo. The business category known as Microemprendedor was initiated with the sanction of the General Law of Micro and Small Enterprise. This law gives opportunity to small entrepreneurs to obtain differential treatment with regard to taxes, benefits and rights hitherto available to micro and small businesses. In this business category, the entrepreneur is entitled to benefits from social security, issue invoices, access to credit, benefits of participation in tenders and procurement, among other possibilities. However, to enjoy it and enjoy these benefits you must be on days with their obligations. For the Individual Microentrepreneur get these benefits you need to be focused on creating an efficient and effective management so that the results are satisfactory. In order to analyze the challenges faced by the formalization Micro-entrepreneurs was conducted field research with a group of entrepreneurs in the service sector (Hairdressers) classified in this business category. The main research goal is to understand the world stage, national and local where they live these developments, their daily practices, its operating tactics and management strategies used in their business to later suggest a TGS able to contribute to the reduction of default and consequently for a management "mature" consistent with business and market needs. The evaluation of these factors were performed using the results of interviews with these entrepreneurs and also through visits to organizations such as Social Security, IRS, Department of Micro and Small Enterprise and SEBRAE / NA held in Mexico City during the Social Housing. With the results of this research it was possible to understand, comprehend and suggest changes that contribute to achieving economic and social outcomes beneficial not only to the entrepreneur, but also for society as a whole.

Essa dissertação pretende mostrar que, na fase de formulação da política nacional de concessão de benefícios tributários, não existem obstáculos impeditivos à imposição da agenda do governo. Essa fase é antes marcada pela discricionariedade do Executivo na apresentação frequente de Medidas Provisórias que criam benefícios tributários. Além disso, o processo não é fechado à participação, pois, durante a tramitação destas proposições no Congresso Nacional, está sujeito à atuação de grupos de interesse privilegiados buscando sua parcela de benefícios distributivos. Por outro lado, existem entraves significativos colocados à fase da implementação das proposições que concedem benefícios tributários. Por ser uma política de difícil acompanhamento, sua execução está sujeita a impasses, negociações e busca de consensos entre setores da burocracia pública e destes com os órgãos de controle externo, o que impõe uma trajetória incremental à fase da implementação, e dificulta a avaliação da eficiência, eficácia e efetividade dos benefícios tributários. Além disso, a política nacional de concessão de benefícios tributários tem características de dependência de trajetória, pois, ao resolver problemas pontuais no varejo, tem se tornado a opção de ação governamental mais viável na ausência de uma reforma tributária abrangente. / This dissertation purpose to show that, at the formulation stage of national tax breaks concession policy, there are no obstacles impending the governments agenda imposition. Rather, this stage is marked by Executives discretion in the frequent presentation of Provisional Measures that create tax breaks. Also, the process is not closed to participation, because during the course of these proposals in Congress, this is liable of privileged interest groups action seeking their portion of distributive benefits. On the other hand, there are significant barriers imposed at the implementation stage of the tax breaks proposals. Because there is a policy of difficult monitoring, its execution is liable to impasses, negotiations and attempts to build consensus among sectors of the public bureaucracy and the latter with external control agencies, compelling an incremental path to the implementation stage, and hampers the evaluation of efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness of tax breaks. Furthermore, the national tax breaks concession policy has path dependence characteristics, because, to solving specific problems at retail, has become the most practicable option of governmental action in the absence of a comprehensive tax reform.

Why and how do societies transform the environmental rules of economic development, or fail to do so? This article compares the experiences of Chile and Peru in the regulation of smelting activities between 1990 and 2010. Air pollution from smelters in  Chuquicamata  and  La Oroya, each emblematic of the two countries’ mining industries, did not give rise to nationally destabilising protest. Nevertheless, despite the absence of pressing discontent with pollution, the environmental rules for mining could still be improved as a result of  policy  network activism and through highly idiosyncratic institutional channels. The analysis shows that policy entrepreneurship for Chuquicamata was enhanced by a national institutional environment that favoured bureaucratic autonomy, while parallel action for La Oroya was constrained by a political economy of state weakness and elite disregard. / ¿Por qué y cómo las sociedades transforman las reglas ambientales del desarrollo económico, o fracasan en hacerlo? Este artículo compara las experiencias de Chile y Perú en la regulación de las actividades de las fundidoras de metales entre 1990 y 2010. La contaminación del aire por parte de las fundidoras en Chuquicamata y La Oroya, sitios mineros emblemáticos de ambos países, no generó protestas nacionales desestabilizadoras. Sin embargo, pese a la ausencia de un fuerte descontento debido a la contaminación, las reglas ambientales para la minería pudieron ser mejoradas como resultado del trabajo de redes de activistas (policy network activism) y a través de canales institucionales altamente idiosincráticos. El análisis muestra que los emprendedores de políticas públicas (policy entrepreneurs) para Chuquicamata se fortalecieron por un ambiente institucional nacional que favoreció la autonomía burocrática, mientras que una acción paralela en La Oroya fue frenada por una economía política enmarcada en la debilidad estatal y el poco interés de las élites.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T13:13:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bárbara Lopes Franco - 2017.pdf: 3437712 bytes, checksum: d6b6f3e65ac5f52e4f6d2aa4be3a53c5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T15:43:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bárbara Lopes Franco - 2017.pdf: 3437712 bytes, checksum: d6b6f3e65ac5f52e4f6d2aa4be3a53c5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T15:43:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bárbara Lopes Franco - 2017.pdf: 3437712 bytes, checksum: d6b6f3e65ac5f52e4f6d2aa4be3a53c5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-28 / In this dissertation, I propose that the daily practices of organizations on the field of popular culture form policies of production and space occupation in cities that resist the logical imposition of the urban space planning. I strongly highlight that the cities are organizational processes, therefore may be based on the daily practices of the organizations that inhabit them. I propose a theoretic approach of the Practice-Based Studies (PBS) in the Administration area with discussions about cities, starting from the discussions proposed by Certeau (2008) having as an empirical context of research the organizational daily routine of cultural entrepreneurs. For the development of these concepts of organizational analysis, I carried a qualitative study in 2017 with a forró subjects in Distrito Federal, considered a popular culture movement. The choice of the organization occurred because the different subjects of forró are constituted by performative shows and events in different locations of the city of Brasilia, that makes possible to comprehend different spaces produced by the organization studied that comprises Brasília. The production of the empirical material for the analysis will occur from the observations of the participants that will be held on a daily bais of the studied organization, as well as interviews of the life history that should be done with the subjects of forró in Brasília. As contribution to the Administration area, I emphasize (1) the relevance of thinking the city as an organizational process; (2) the understanding that daily practices of organizations form policies of production and spaces occupation in the cities; (3) the relevance of thinking popular cultures as organizational processes of resistance against city planning logic; (4) the advance on the theoretical appropriation of Michel de Certeau works to organizational analysis. / Nessa dissertação, proponho que as práticas cotidianas das organizações do campo das culturas populares formam políticas de produção e de ocupação dos espaços das cidades que resistem frente a imposição das lógicas de planificação do espaço urbano. Com efeito, destaco que as cidades são processos organizativos, portanto podendo ser compreendidas com base nas práticas cotidianas das organizações que as habitam. Proponho a aproximação teórica do campo dos Estudos Baseados em Práticas (EBP) na área de Administração com os debates sobre cidades, a partir das discussões propostas por Certeau (2008), tendo como contexto empírico de pesquisa o cotidiano organizativo dos empreendedores culturais. Para o desenvolvimento desses conceitos de análise organizacional, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo no ano de 2017 com dois sujeitos ligados ao forró no Distrito Federal, considerado um movimento de cultura popular. A opção pelo estudo de diferentes sujeitos ligados ao forró ocorreu pelo fato de se constituírem a partir da realização de shows e eventos em diferentes locais da cidade de Brasília, o que possibilita a compreensão dos diferentes espaços produzidos por eles que constituem Brasília. A produção de material empírico para as análises ocorreu a partir das observações participantes realizadas no cotidiano de eventos de forró realizados na cidade de Brasília, bem como das entrevistas de história de vida com dois sujeitos ligados ao forró em Brasília e considerados como referência profissional nesse campo de atuação. Como contribuição ao campo da Administração destaco (1) a relevância de se pensar a cidade como processo organizativo; (2) o entendimento de que as práticas cotidianas das organizações formam políticas de produção e de ocupação dos espaços das cidades; (3) a relevância de se pensar as culturas populares como processos organizativos de resistência frente a lógica de planificação da cidade; (4) avançar na apropriação teórica dos trabalhos de Michel de Certeau para as análises organizacionais.