Unhealthiness is not just a damaged back or asbestos. The fact that mental ill-health seems to increase in our society is well known. Statistics from Arbetsmiljöverket proves a fourfold increase of work-related disorders since 1997. These are primarily caused by organizational and social factors, 60% are considered caused by stress and a heavy workload. Sick leave due work related fatigue and depressions are scarily common today. Highly controlled work where every individual’s performance is measured, registered and sometimes even presented in front of co-workers is now what many employees face in their daily life. In our technically well-developed society we have a variety of sophisticated software that registers detailed information about employees. How does this affect the people that work in that environment? What legislations are there to cover these questions? This is what we have chosen to focus on in this essay. Our empirical research shows that companies do register what their employees do even though there are people who prefer to disregard that fact. It’s possible that some surveillance occur purposeless, like for instance the common registration of incoming phone calls which indeed could be referred to a specific individual. How this information is being used in the end probably varies from company to company, but, as proven in our study it can be used as evidence or arguments against employees who might make a poor performance. We mean that high levels of control contribute to the pressure employees feel in their already stressful work life. / Ohälsa är inte bara en utsliten rygg eller lungor skadade av asbest. Att den psykiska ohälsan verkar öka i samhället är inte okänt. Arbetsmiljöverkets statistik påvisar en fyrfaldig ökning av arbetsrelaterade sjukdomar sedan 1997. Dessa beror främst på organisatoriska och sociala faktorer, 60 % beräknas bero på stress och hög arbetsbelastning. Sjukskrivningar p.g.a. utmattningsdepression och depression i allmänhet är långt ifrån ovanliga. Starkt styrt arbete där varje enskild individs prestationer mäts dagligen och t o m redovisas öppet på arbetsplatsen är nu vardag för många anställda. I dagens högteknologiska samhälle finns en mängd sofistikerade redskap för att samla information om de anställda på företaget. Varje knapptryckning kan registreras, antal hanterade samtal och längden på dessa mäts, analyseras och data sparas. Hur påverkas egentligen människor som arbetar i den miljön och vad säger lagen? Vi har valt att studera handhavandet av personuppgifter, gällande rätt på området samt hur ett felaktigt handhavande kan inverka negativt på arbetsmiljön. Den empiriska undersökning som genomförts inom ramen för studien visar tillsynes att övervakning av anställda på arbetsplatsen sker, men även att vissa tycks ignorera att så sker. Visserligen kan tänkas att vissa arbetsplatser ej kontrollerar medvetet, men exempelvis kan en vardaglig företeelse som loggning av teletrafik anses vara en övervakande åtgärd, som kan härledas specifik individ. Hur sen dessa uppgifter används antar vi att det varierar starkt från arbetsplats till arbetsplats, men uppgifter kan, vilket bekräftas av vår studie, användas bland annat som påtryckningsargument om en säljare presterar sämre än förväntat. Vi tolkar även att ett starkt kontrollerat arbete medför att arbetstagaren upplever arbetssituationen som stressig.

Aplinkos apsauga - tai teisinių, technologinių, techninių, biologinių ir kitų priemonių sistema, padedanti derinti gamtos išteklių naudojimą su aplinkos išsaugojimu. Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamas aplinkos apsaugos politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas Lietuvoje, ES nuostatų derinimas su Lietuvos aplinkos apsauga, nagrinėjama aplinkos apsaugos teisinė sistema ir įstaigos, kurios įgyvendina ir modeliuoja aplinkosaugos politiką. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Apžvelgti aplinkos apsaugos formavimo galimybes; 2. išanalizuoti aplinkos apsaugos politiką formuojančias ir įgyvendinančias institucijas, jų funkcijas; 3. apžvelgti aplinkosaugos finansavimo principus; 4. apžvelgti ES įtaką Lietuvos aplinkos apsaugos politikai; 5. ištirti visuomenės požiūrį į aplinkosaugą. Darbo struktūrą sudaro keturios dalys: pirmoje - apibūdinama aplinkos vadyba ir politika, apžvelgiama aplinkos apsaugos raida Lietuvoje, aplinkosaugos finansavimo principai; antroje - išanalizuotas aplinkos apsaugos politikos įgyvendinimas Europos Sąjungoje ir Lietuvoje, apžvelgti teisės aktai, veiksmų programos, politikos principai, nuostatos bei kiti aplinkos apsaugą reglamentuojantys dokumentai, bei įgyvendinančios institucijos; trečioje – apžvelgiamas aplinkos apsaugos politikos vertinimas; ketvirtoje - atliktas tyrimas, kuriame išanalizuotas žmonių požiūris į aplinkos apsaugą, pateikiamos pagrindinės charakteristikos, imtis ir rezultatai. Remtasi moksline literatūra, publikuojamais straipsniais, dokumentais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Environment protection is a system of legal, technological, technical, biological, and other means and it helps to combine the use of natural recources with the environment protection. The M.A. paper is focused on the formation and implementation of the environment protection politics in Lithuania, the adjust of the European Union regulation with the Lithuanian environment protection. Also environment protection system and institutions, which implement and regulate the environment protection policy, are analused in the paper. The goals of the paper : 1. To view the possibilities of environment protection; 2. to analyse the institutions which form and implement the environment protection policy and to view their functions; 3. to view sponsorship principles of the environment protection; 4. to view the influence of the European Union upon Lithuanian environment protection policy; 5. to analise the attitude of the society towards the environment protection. The structure of the paper consists of four parts: in the first part the environment management and policy are defined, the development of environment protection in Lithuania and the sponsorship principles of the environment protection are viewed; in the second part of the paper the implementation of the environment protection in the European Uninon and Lithuania is analysed, some law acts, programmes of action, the principles and regulation of policy, and other documents and institutions which regulate the environment... [to full text]

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

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This essay will study the working environment of heads of units in a health and social care organization. The working environment that will be focused on in the essay is the psychosocial. My interest in the subject evolved from a rapport that The Swedish Work Environment Authority preformed. The rapport displayed a supervision that took place in the years 2015–2017. The supervision investigated the psychosocial working environment of the heads of units in several workplaces in Sweden. This rapport was analyzed alongside with legislation and literature that regulates the working environment to get an understanding of problems in this area. The aims of this essay are therefore to identify problems in the working environment within the heads of units and do that with an equality perspective.    The result of this essay has shown that there is a lot of shortage with the environmental work of the heads of units. These shortages consist of the employee not getting enough resources to deal with the high demands of the work assignment. This leads to negative psychosocial health risks. The legal framework of the subject places high requirements on the employers. But nevertheless, the employers work with the preventive environmental work is insufficient and a contributory to this is the construction of the working environmental law as a frame law.

My diploma work describes comparison of enterprise and tax environment in Germany and in Visegrad group (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland). The goal of my work is to compare mainly the West and East Germany and Visegrad group, as well as to compare the described countries each other. The main source used in the work is analysis of the European Bank for Research and Development considered the business environment in the investigated countries. This analysis is closely described in the first chapter. The short description of the tax system in Germany and Visegrad group can you find in the second chapter. I chose only the taxes, which significantly influence the business decision. In the third chapter, I realized the comparison of all described facts and tried to find relations between the investigated countries each other, as well as between the every single indicator (e. g. if the business environment depends on the macroeconomic environment, etc.).

No description available.

The objectives of this dissertation are to: 1) identify the aspects of shopping environments that are important to people; and 2) identify strategies to maintain the cultural relevance and viability of traditional marketplaces in the new global economy. This dissertation uses a Content Identifying Methodology (CIM) to determine preferences of general Thai shoppers for different shopping environments in Bangkok, Thailand. The procedures include preference rating, scene description, and respondents' background surveys. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, content analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), canonical correlation analysis, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). In addition, interviews with designers and developers of shopping environments are used to establish implications for future development, design, and renovation of shopping environments. Three major factors, environmental, shopping, and background, were found to influence preferences for shopping environments. The environmental factors include the perceived environmental types; spacious and well-organized spatial configurations; physical content, such as fresh products, vegetation, and sitting areas; and environmental conditions, such as maintenance level, crowdedness, and cool temperatures. Shopping factors include recreational and value shopping. Respondent's background factors include shopping behaviors and socio-economic backgrounds, such as age and household economic status. Shoppers prefer certain shopping environments based on their shopping purpose: recreational versus value shopping. Recreational shopping appeals to young, single, and big group shoppers at modern malls, which provide the most opportunities for exploring, recreating, and socializing. Value shopping appeals to older, married, and large family shoppers at traditional markets that offer the high quality fresh products at low price. The dissertation's findings are consistent with previous studies and support theoretical explanations in the environmental perception and assessment field. Coherence, complexity, legibility, and mystery, and the concept of affordance influence preference; and are useful in making recommendations. The results indicate that, by identifying the preferences and perceptions of Thai shoppers, it is possible to preserve important aspects of the traditional Thai marketplace. This is achieved by incorporating aspects of traditional Thai markets into new shopping environments; and enhancing existing traditional markets to give them broader appeal and make them more viable in today's economy. / Ph. D.

Older people are as diverse a group as they were as younger people. Home environments should reflect these diverse individuals' varying interests, preferences, and needs. In spite of efforts to remain independent and at home, some elderly people have to leave conventional housing and move into long-term care facilities because of factors such as mental or physical health problems or the loss of family members. Most elderly people who move into these facilities do not feel "at home" in their new living arrangements. Assisted living facilities (ALFs) have been developed as a response to these issues. The major goal of assisted living is to create a supportive social setting that elderly residents can call home. Although assisted living is the fastest growing long-term care alternative, it still needs to continually change in response to the needs of older residents and the desires and interests of family members. The purpose of this study was to examine the features that make residents feel "at home" in ALFs in Southwest Virginia and to suggest further policy and design guidelines for better quality of ALFs as a "home." For this purpose, residents' needs, experiences, and opinions of the physical environment, the social environment, and the organizational environments such as policies and programs of ALFs were identified. As a multi-site case study, I studied five ALFs in Southwest Virginia and did a cross-case analysis. In addition to face-to-face interviews with 25 residents and five administrators of five ALFs, I also conducted observations and recorded my feelings in a personal journal with document review. To analyze the data gathered in this study, I used the constant comparative method of data analysis. The respondents' age range was between 64 and 95 and the average age was 82. There were 6 males and 19 females among the respondents and most of them were widowed. They came from a wide geographic area, and most of them have lived in single-family homes for a long time. Many had children or family members nearby. Overall, the five sites selected presented homelike features showing the philosophy of assisted living which combines housing and services. Each facility was designed to be a single-family house or multi-family dwelling in outside appearance. However, the older the structure, the fewer homelike features were provided. As a whole, residents felt isolation and loneliness and they did not have active interaction with other residents because of diverse background among the residents. During meals, people had active interaction with one or two residents. However, all of them had close relationships with the staff. The staff's attitude and behavior seemed to influence greatly the residents' feeling "at home." Friends and family members also provided an important role for the residents to adjust to their new environment. Despite the provision of diverse activities by the facilities, many residents did not participate in the programs. Among the services provided, there were only a few complaints about food and mealtimes. Most of the residents agreed that the rules and regulations were fair; however, one person disagreed with the smoking rules. For the meaning of "home," many residents talked about love, fellowship, privilege, stability, and security. The administrators tried to make the residents feel "at home;" however, they mentioned the limitation of providing a real "home" for the residents due to the residents' diversity. Some categories which could contribute to the perception of ALFs as a "home" were classified by the researcher: safety and security, services and care, autonomy/privacy, independence, social life/friendship, family support, daily routine, personalization, physical environment, and management. Regardless of the type of facilities and the residents' characteristics, most of the respondents were satisfied with their current dwelling. In spite of high satisfaction with the facility, many people did not think of their current dwelling as a real "home." As the biggest difference between living in their own homes and living in the ALF, people pointed out a lack of independence, freedom, and autonomy. Moreover, they talked about the loneliness stemming from living with strangers who are not their family or friends. Residents of ALFs may have reordered their priorities in their current life situation so that safety, security, and care were more important to them than feeling "at home." Among the four factors --personal, physical, social, and organizational-- that affect the residents' perception of ALFs as a "home," many emphasized the importance of social factors such as relationships with the staff and residents, and social support from their family or friends. / Ph. D.

This work focuses on small and medium entrepreneurship. Its aim is to analyse the Czech entrepreneur environment based on legislative and on the activity of relevant institutions and to compare Czech conditions to foreign ones, in general and focusing on Germany. The work provides overview of entrepreneur environment in the Czech Republic, follows its development and gives issues of business forms in the Czech Republic, in Germany and on the European Union level. The international indexes and results of my business questionnaire are applied to comparison.