CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo integrado das condiÃÃes e dinÃmicas ambientais da Bacia HidrogrÃfica do rio Mucambinho, procurando diagnosticar os principais impactos ambientais, as potencialidades naturais e a capacidade de carga daquele ecossistema, propondo em seguida um conjunto de medidas ambientais sustentÃveis. A Bacia està inserida nos municÃpios da regiÃo norte do Estado do CearÃ, sÃo eles: Meruoca, AlcÃntaras, Sobral e CoreaÃ. Suas nascentes localizam-se na Serra da Meruoca, especificamente no municÃpio de Meruoca e desÃguam no rio AcaraÃ, em Sobral. A bacia ocupa uma Ãrea de aproximadamente 100 kmÂ. A metodologia foi desenvolvida em trÃs etapas: revisÃo bibliogrÃfica, atividades de campo e de gabinete. Nesse estudo, a bacia foi caracterizada atravÃs da anÃlise dos atributos do sistema geoambiental (geologia, geomorfologia, clima, recursos hÃdricos, solos, vegetaÃÃo e fauna), aspectos sÃcioeconÃmicos e as formas de uso e ocupaÃÃo da terra. Foi feita ainda a anÃlise hidroclimÃtica e a setorizaÃÃo do rio Mucambinho. ApÃs a divisÃo da bacia em setores, identificaram-se os sistemas ambientais de acordo com a metodologia geossistÃmica proposta por Bertrand (1969), cujas unidades foram representadas no mapeamento dos sistemas ambientais em escala de 1:90.000. Essa abordagem permitiu que, no diagnÃstico de recursos naturais ou sobre avaliaÃÃo da qualidade ambiental, fosse considerado um conjunto de atributos, incluindo, assim, a interpretaÃÃo dos aspectos fÃsicos, biolÃgicos e humanos, possibilitando a elaboraÃÃo de propostas para um planejamento do uso e manejo dos recursos naturais. AlÃm disso, classificaram-se estes sistemas em ambientes estÃveis, instÃveis ou intergrades de acordo com a EcodinÃmica de Tricart (1977). Assim, foi possÃvel definir os principais impactos sÃcio-ambientais: desmatamentos, queimadas, assoreamento dos mananciais hÃdricos, voÃoroca e ravinas, diminuiÃÃo da flora e da fauna, perca da fertilidade natural dos solos, dentre outros. Finalmente, apÃs essa anÃlise integrada, apresenta-se uma sÃrie de medidas ambientais sustentÃveis que possa contribuir para a minimizaÃÃo dos impactos e para a preservaÃÃo da qualidade ambiental da Bacia HidrogrÃfica do rio Mucambinho / The objective of this work is to carry out an integrated study about environmental conditions and dynamics, the nature potentially and the supportiveness capacity of this ecosystem, proposing later, a collection of sustainable environmental measures. The Rio Mucambinho water basin is inserted in four cities of Cearaâs North region, such as Meruoca, AlcÃntaras, Sobral and CoreaÃ. The basin occupy an area of 100kmÂ, its sources located in Meruoca district, specifically in Meruocaâs Moutain and to flow into the Acaraà river, located in Sobral city. The methodology was developed in three stages: theoretical foundation, field surveys and office activities. In this study, the basin was characterized though of analysis of the geoenvironmental systems attributes (geology, geomorphology, climate, water resources, soils, vegetation and animalâs species), socioeconomics aspects and the forms of the land occupations and uses. It was made still the hidroclimatical analysis with a Mucambinho river division. Later this separation it was identified the environmentals systems of the basin according to the geosystemic methodology proposal by Bertrand (1969), whose units has been represents on the mapping of environmental systems with scale 1.90.000. In addiction, it was classified the systems in: stable, unstable or intergrades according to ecodynamic of Tricart (1977). This integrated approach allowed that in the nature resources diagnosis, environmental quality assessment, it was considered the attributes collection, including so, the interpretation of humans, biologics and physics aspects. Therefore, it was possible to elaborate proposals for planning of the use and handling of the nature resources, and to define the main socioenvironmental impacts: deforestation, bonfires, changes of water resources, erosive processes, loss vegetation and animals, lost fertility of soils, among others. Finally, with this integrated analysis presented some sustainable environmental measures than can contributes for minimize the impacts and to improve the preservation of environmental quality of the Mucambinho water basin

Orientadores: Edison Favero, Emilia Wanda Rutkowski / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T22:10:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_AfonsoCelsoVanonide_M.pdf: 1475253 bytes, checksum: af0400c4d341fdc5fba548b46e47bc5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O aumento na incidência e nas dimensões e efeitos dos desastres naturais no ambiente urbano aponta para revisão de paradigmas do planejamento urbano e das políticas públicas de ordenamento territorial urbano, originários de preceitos do pensamento moderno e representados na prática pela segmentação dos saberes, como observado nas especializações no âmbito acadêmico e pela fragmentação das decisões através de inúmeras divisões administrativas no âmbito da gestão pública. A adoção das bacias hidrográficas como unidade de planejamento foi discutida e analisada nessa pesquisa. A implantação de ferrovias e rodovias, a ocupação urbana irregular de áreas de proteção permanente - APP - várzeas e outras áreas ribeirinhas, provocarm impactos negativos nas áreas da bacia do Riberão Quilombo resultando em desastres naturais, mortes e prejuízos materiais provocados por enchentes, deslizamentos e outros acidentes e provocando sua degradação ambiental. Os planos urbanisticos, as normas e legislações vigentes não demonstram eficácia na ordenação territorial dessa ocupação e na gestão dos processos de urbanização e de expansão da malha urbana. A pesquisa se apoiou nas opinões de especialistas que apontaram conflitos ambientais e urbanos no processo de urbanização dessa região. A ampliação da área de estudos contemplando os outros municípios da região metropolitana de Campinas que compõem o cojnuto da bacia do Ribeirão Quilombo, um trabalho de campo para mapear a extensão dos conflitos urbanos e ambientais identificados e a elaboração de um quadro histórico desses conflitos são caminhos apontados para a continuidade dessa pesquisa / Abstract: The increasing incidence and dimension of natural disaster effects on the urban environment requires a careful review and analysis of urban planning paradigms and urban territorial ordinance policy. Such paradigms and public policy originated from modern thought principles are represented by segments of knowledge, expressed by the academic specializations and several departments of public administration, with consequent fragmentation of decisions. This research work objective was to analyze and discuss the adoption of hydrographical basins as the planning unity in urban areas. The implementation of roads and railroads and disorderly urban occupations of permanent protection areas (PPA), lowlands and other flat lands alongside the Quilombo River basin have often caused negative impacts, causing natural disasters, deaths and asset losses due to flooding, landslide and other accidents, enhancing environmental degradation. The current legislation and public policy have not efficiently achieved an orderly territorial occupancy; and the public administration has not adequately managed the urbanization process and town expansion. This research work was supported by specialists' interviews and their opinions that pointed out environmental and urban conflicts in the public planning of the studied area. This discussion pointed out the need for more research, in order to raise solutions to the actual conflicts: a larger area involving the whole metropolitan area of Campinas has to be studied, including all towns consisting of the Quilombo River Basin; a background history has to be made, and a field research work is needed to map the whole extension of the identified urban and environmental area of conflicts. These are highlighted ways to go forward with approaches to manage such urbanization conflicts in the Metropolitan area of Campinas / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The development of web mapping industry is so fast that hundreds of web mapping software products are being created each year. These products are usually parts of three solution categories: a) proprietary solutions, b) Open source solutions, or c) Web 2.0 mashup solutions. Due to the solutions’ maturity, rich functionalities and great external support, most enterprises use proprietary products to build their web mapping applications. Seldom are the latter two, named as non-proprietary solutions in this study, ever used in corporations. This study explores the suitability of non-proprietary web mapping solutions for WSP Sweden. Two prototype applications are developed using one Open source web mapping solution and one Web 2.0 mashup solution. Both applications attempt to accomplish similar tasks as an existing application, Stockholmshem tree inventory project, to demonstrate the functional potential of each solution. The implementation process will help to further access both prototype solutions on the basis of: a) how well they satisfy WSP’s list of demands; b) their implementation difficulty; and c) their response performances. The results indicate that both categories of non-proprietary solutions can satisfy the most important demands of WSP’s basic web mapping application. While Open source solutions are more suitable for meeting advanced demands, mashup solutions can help to quickly establish a simple application. The combinational use of both solutions is a promising alternative to the predominant ArcIMS-based proprietary solution used at WSP.

Buller är ofta ett problem i samhället på grund av den snabba urbaniseringen. Det är något som måste tas hänsyn till vid ny- och ombyggnation men även generellt i samhället. Det byggs mycket och med en ökande befolkningsmängd och förtätning av stadsregioner blir det mer trafik för varje dag vilket leder till att det blir ett bullrigt samhälle. Vid konstant buller över 45 dBA utvecklas stressfaktorer vilket i längden ger hjärt- och kärlproblem. Bullerberäkningar görs idag av kommunen och Trafikverket med hjälp av Nordiska beräkningsmodellen från 1996. I den här studien undersöks hur buller kan beräknas vid befintlig bullervall. Bullervallen är belägen intill E4:an vid Gävle och på andra sidan bullervallen ligger ett bostadsområde. Enligt de boendes upplevelse har bullret från E4:an ökat sedan färdigställandet av bostadsområdet på 1980-talet. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för hur bullermätningarna kan beräknas i geografiska informationssystem (GIS) utifrån mätningar av trafikbuller vid befintlig bullervall i studieområdet bostadsrättsföreningen Gävle 36 vid E4:an i Gävle. I den här studien undersöks om interpolation av bullermätningar i GIS får med alla nödvändiga fakta och ger lika säkra resultat som Nordisk beräkningsmodell. Bullermätningar utfördes med en ljudnivåmätning på 34 platser. Datat bearbetades i GIS med olika interpolationsmetoder. Det gjordes även en enkätundersökning bland invånarna i bostadsområdet för att se hur väl datat överenstämmer med invånarnas åsikter. En jämförelse av bullermätningarna och enkätundersökningen visade att invånarnas upplevelser av bullernivån överensstämde med bullermätningarna. Resultatet visar att bullermätning vid en befintlig bullervall tillsammans med interpolation i GIS är ett verktyg som fungerar väl. Det går att se hur bullret fördelar sig över ett område med hjälp av kartor och diagram och det går att utläsa bullret på en specifik plats. För att säkerhetställa svaret gjordes även undersökning med hjälp av restvärden, uppskattade värden och spridningsvvikelser från interpolationerna. Rekommendationen utifrån denna studie är att använda interpolationsmetoden kriging vid bullerberäkning.Av de undersökta metoderna var spridningsavvikelsen minst på kriging och har bland det lägsta i restvärdet. Något som studien dessutom visar är att vindens riktning har stor betydelse för hur mycket det bullrar i ett området, vilket inte Nordisk beräkningsmodell tar i beaktning vid bullerberäkning.

Purpose: As buildings become more complex, property management becomes increasingly complex. New demands are made on buildings environmental performance, risk management and new technology is introduced, which changes the property management industry. Problems with current property management methods are that the information for an efficient maintenance is difficult for the trustee, and the lack of interoperability between architects, constructor, client and trustee. The digital divide between trustees and other actors helps the trustee to reject the idea that BIM can be used in management. The aim for this rapport is to determine what information is to be required from a BIM-model to be to any use in the management process. Method: This work has been done through interviews and document analyses to answer the goal. Findings: There is a drive from trustees to switch to BIM, but the main obstacles are the lack of knowledge and influence at the start of construction projects, which means that the right requirements regarding the development and detailing of a BIM model can’t be set properly. Trustees know what information they need, but not how to set the right requirements without a specific standard. Implications: A lack of competence and knowledge about BIM at the trustees implies the need for a standard on the BIM-models level of detail and development for at all stages in the project, and all actors and researchers involved in the work. However, the trustees is aware of the information they need in their management system, which should be taken into account when a standard is being made. Limitations: The interview respondents came from different types of management companies, such as profit-making and non-profit-making, smaller and larger management companies, as well as trustees of residential, office, hall buildings and campus properties. Interviews with clients had helped make the work more relevant as it appeared from interviews conducted that the client plays a major role when demanding a BIM-model in a construction project.

Detta examensarbete är utfört för att generellt beskriva VR och ge underlag för Skymaps tillämpning om att i ett ombyggnadsskede visa ATA Timbers sågverk i VR. Modellen skall vara tilltalande för kunden i VR. Under modelleringen har hänsyn tagits till Skymaps önskemål om vilka programvaror som skall användas. Utformningen av sågverket är redan fastställt och därför kommer underlag endast användas för att ritas av. Resultatet uppnås genom att granska, utreda och tillämpa tekniken. Resultatet av examensarbetet blev som förväntat, en 3D-modell av sågverket i Sandsjöfors finns nu att använda sig av vid ATA Timbers om- och tillbyggnadsprocess.

I detta examenarbete har olika energieffektiviseringsåtgärder jämförts på två flerbostadshus i Ljungby kommun vars namn är Halfdan och Arngrim. I det första alternativet modulerades de befintliga byggnaderna för att kunna se dess totala energianvändning. Det andra alternativet består av att tilläggsisolera vindsvåningen samt byte av fönster och dörrar. Dessa åtgärder bidrar med en besparing på ca. 90 000 kWh/år Halfdan samt 55 000 kWh/år Arngrim. I det tredje alternativet installeras en frånluftsvärmepump samt en solcellsanläggning i vardera byggnad. Detta resulterar i en energibesparing på ca. 127 000 kWh/år i Halfdan samt 101 000 kWh/år i Arngrim.   Fastigheterna har simulerats i Energiberäkningar och VIP+ Energy, där resultatet påvisar att frånluftsvärmepumpen bidrar med den största energibesparingen i förhållande till det andra alternativet.

I denna livscykelanalys har olika typer av fönsterrenoveringsalternativ undersökts, i syfte att avgöra vilket av dessa tillvägagångssätt som ger störst respektive minst inverkan på global uppvärmning, försurning och övergödning. Rådhuset i Gävle ska renoveras och med hänsyn till förvanskningsförbudet är produkternas påverkan på byggnadens gestaltning av avgörande betydelse. De scenarion som granskats innefattar komplett fönsterbyte, invändig tilläggsisoleringsruta och slutligen en värmereflekterande fönsterfilm som lamineras på ena fönsterrutan. Indata saknades helt för det sistnämnda scenariot, vilket ledde till att det uteslöts helt från denna studie. Det undersökta systemet sträcker sig från råvaruutvinning till produktens livslängds ände. Information angående utsläpp från ingående material har samlats in och analyserats. Energisimuleringar av byggnaden har utförts för samtliga fall och energiförbrukningen har omvandlats till miljöpåverkan. Studien visar att nya fönster ger störst miljöpåverkan sett till produktion av råvaror och tillverkningsprocess. Nya fönster har ett lågt U-värde vilket leder till mindre miljöpåverkan över lång tid. Efter 50 år av användning har dock nya fönster fortfarande sammanlagt störst global uppvärmnings- och övergödningspotential. Förutsatt att utsläpp från tillverkning av isoleringsrutor stämmer överens med indata som fabrikören angett, har isoleringsrutorna minst miljöpåverkan i samtliga kategorier och nya fönster även störst försurningspotential. Används indata angående glastillverkning från Ecoinvent v3.2 ger däremot isoleringsrutor störst bidrag till försurning. I detta fall konstateras också att skillnaden mellan nya fönster och isoleringsrutor är marginell, till isoleringsrutornas fördel. Med hänsyn till beräknad miljöpåverkan, förvanskningsförbud samt bevarande av befintliga fönster anses isoleringsrutor vara renoveringsalternativet att föredra ur miljösynpunkt. / In this life cycle analysis, different types of window retrofit options have been investigated, with the purpose of determining which of these approaches gives the most and least significant impact on global warming, acidification and eutrophication. The City Hall in Gävle is to be renovated and, in view of the alteration prohibition, the impact of the products have on the design of the building is of crucial importance. The scenarios being reviewed include complete window change, upgrading of the internal panes with insulation glass and finally low emissivity film that is laminated onto one of the panes. Indata was completely lacking in the latter scenario, which led to the exclusion of this part of the study entirely. The examined system ranges from raw material extraction to the end of product life. Information on emissions from incoming materials has been collected and analyzed. Energy simulations of the building have been carried out for all cases and energy consumption has been transformed into environmental impact. The study shows that new windows give the most significant environmental impact condisdering the production of raw materials and manufacturing processes. New windows have a low U value, which leads to little environmental impact over a long period of time. However, after 50 years of use, new windows still have the largest global warming and eutrophication potential. Provided that emissions from the production of insulation glass panes correspond to inputs specified by the manufacturer, the insulating panes have the least environmental impact in all categories and new windows, conclusively, also the most significant acidity potential. However, using input data on glass production from Ecoinvent v3.2, provides insulating panes with the greatest contribution to acidification. In this case, it is also noted that the difference between new windows and insulation glass panes is marginal, to the advantage of the insulating panes. Considering the calculated environmental impact, alteration prohibitions and the preservation of existing windows, the insulating glass panes are the retrofit option to be preferred from an environmental point of view.

Submitted by Jakeline Ortega (jakortega@unoeste.br) on 2018-11-14T00:13:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Luciano Osako.pdf: 6984233 bytes, checksum: ae94e9f3d0b0b7816385994a4bbae563 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T00:13:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Luciano Osako.pdf: 6984233 bytes, checksum: ae94e9f3d0b0b7816385994a4bbae563 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / The present research seeks to relate the importance of urban afforestation to improve the urban environment and quality of urban life of the citizen in the city of Presidente Prudente. Thus, the objective was to analyze the environmental benefits of urban afforestation and to propose planning fundamentals and to establish general criteria that improve its current condition. Thus, the methodological basis, analyzes were carried out to evaluate the conditions of urban afforestation. The diagnosis of tree species began in the understanding of the historical-temporal relationship of urban mesh expansion, produced through thematic maps using the cartographic methodology. The analysis comprised a temporal cut that began in 1987, following the years of 1996, 2006 and ending in 2017. The data obtained reveal how urban afforestation interacted negatively with the advance of the urban network. Then, for a more detailed evaluation, I carried out field research using surveys using the quadrants methodology, in 10 specific and diversified areas in the urban network. The inventoried tree individuals were tabulated in the following categories: Family, scientific name, common name, place of survey and quantity. The phytosanitary status of the species resulted in data indicating the quality of these species in the conditions of the inventoried areas. Regarding biodiversity, the results point to the predominance of 65% of native species and 35% of exotic species, although there is the biodiversity problem, where exotic and invasive tree species can affect the ecological balance, in this case the species found was Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) R de Wit., predominating in 2 of the 10 inventoried areas, indicating the lack of diversity in the bed of two urban streams of the city. Still in this context, we have the discussion of the planning and management of afforestation, an issue that requires actions and regulations for better future plans. Given this framework, he proposed to evaluate the urban afforestation and its environmental benefits. Finally, the recommendation that this research reveals, deals with how the proposal of the Urban Tree Stewardship Plan, for the city of Presidente Prudente can promote, in an orderly and effective way, the conduction of this theme. Both public authorities and the public should aim to attain this goal as a matter of priority. / A presente pesquisa busca relacionar a importância da arborização urbana para melhorar a ambiência urbana e qualidade de vida urbana do cidadão na cidade de Presidente Prudente. Diante disso, o objetivo foi analisar os benefícios ambientais da arborização urbana e propor fundamentos de planejamento e estabelecer critérios gerais que melhorem sua condição atual. Assim, a base metodológica, realizaram-se análises para avaliar as condições da arborização urbana. O diagnóstico das espécies arbóreas teve início no entendimento da relação histórico-temporal de expansão da malha urbana, produzido através de mapas temáticos utilizando a metodologia cartográfica a análise compreendeu recorte temporal que se iniciou em 1987, seguindo pelos anos de 1996, 2006 e finalizando em 2017. Os dados obtidos revelam em como a arborização urbana interagiu de forma negativa com o avanço da malha urbana. Em seguida, para uma avaliação mais detalhada, realizei pesquisa de campo utilizando levantamentos com a metodologia dos pontos quadrantes, em 10 áreas específicas e diversificadas na malha urbana. Os indivíduos arbóreos inventariados foram tabelados nas seguintes categorias: Família, nome científico, nome vulgar, local do levantamento e quantidade. Os estados fitossanitários das espécies resultaram dados que indicam a qualidade, que, estas espécies se encontram nas condições das áreas inventariadas. A respeito da biodiversidade os resultados apontam para a predominância de 65% de espécies nativas e 35 % de espécies exóticas, embora exista a problemática da biodiversidade, onde espécies arbóreas exóticas e invasoras podem afetar o equilíbrio ecológico, neste caso a espécie encontrada foi a Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) R de Wit., predominando em 2 das 10 áreas inventariadas, apontando a falta de diversidade no leito de dois córregos urbanos da cidade. Ainda neste contexto, temos a discussão do planejamento e manejo da arborização, questão que carece de ações e normativas para melhores planos futuros. Diante deste quadro, se propôs a avaliar a arborização urbana e seus benefícios ambientais. Por fim, a recomendação que esta pesquisa revela, trata da maneira como a proposta do Plano Diretor de Arborização Urbana, para cidade de Presidente Prudente pode fomentar, de maneira ordenada e eficaz, a condução deste tema. Tanto o poder público quanto a população devem almejar, de forma prioritária, atingir esse objetivo.

Abstract The buildings included in Sweden's old building stock rarely meet the requirements of authorities regarding the indoor environment or energy consumption. Since they are often designed with self-draught ventilation, the cost of switching to mechanical ventilation is high. The windows in the building receives poorer values in terms of u- values, g-values, etc. than produced windows do today, which negatively affects the thermal comfort of people staying in the indoor environment. This case study examines the thermal comfort of two hotel rooms at Elite Grand Hotel since guests experience the hotel rooms in a southerly direction as warm during the summertime. This is due to the direct solar radiation that affects the thermal comfort in negative term. By simulating the building in IDA ICE and comparing hotel rooms with the same design and location on its windows, a room with existing properties is examined with respect to the window and a room where the characteristics of the window have been modified with the window film 3M Prestige 70. According to the manufacturer, this window foil is to reduce the heat from the solar radiation, which can lead to a better thermal comfort for hotel guests. The results of the simulations showed that the 3M Prestige 70 window foil reduced the heat from the solar radiation while improving the thermal comfort of the hotel room. Even during the warmest simulated days, the room is perceived as neutral/just right for an applied window foil when it without foil is perceived as warm. After comparing the installation of window foil and window change, it separated about 716 000 SEK for one floor to the advantage of the window foil. Key words: Thermal comfort, IDA-ICE, window foil, simulations.