Logos are an important visual representation of an organization or brand. Therefore they need to be processed quickly and produce positive responses toward the product or service being offered. One emerging brand category whose logo characteristics may generate a unique class of consumer responses is environmental organizations, which may rely on logo characteristics to best portray environmentally friendly connotations and associations. Color and symmetry may also have unique effects on responses to environmental organizations as both may elicit consumer associations with environmental concepts. It has long been argued that symmetry contributes to good design, and that it is processed faster than asymmetry. In addition, color can also provide positive affect and emotions toward a brand. Therefore, the present study examined whether the logo design elements of symmetry and color contribute to quick processing and positive emotions as applied to environmental and non-environmental organizations. To accomplish this, an online experiment used a 2 (design: symmetrical vs. asymmetrical) X 2 (color: blue vs. green) X 2 (organization: environmental vs. non-environmental) factorial design with eight conditions, varying the logo design elements and company type to measure effects on logo and company perceptions, recall, and response. While the pattern of effects of the factors on outcomes was generally inconsistent and incongruent with expectations, some findings include a general preference among participants for green logos regardless of symmetry or company type and a number of higher-order interactions between factors in effects on other outcomes. One notable higher-order interaction was a three-way interaction effect on perceptions of company environmentalism wherein the environmental company was perceived as consistently more environmental than the non-environmental company regardless of logo attributes, but the non-environmental company was perceived as more environmental with a green and asymmetrical logo than with other logo characteristics. While in some ways exploratory, this study provides some possible insight into how environmental and non-environmental companies can use these findings to better design their logos if they wish to be perceived as more popular, profitable, or environmental. / Master of Arts

Drawing on social movement literature, my thesis examines if news media, NGO, business and government engagement of the BP Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico is affected by issue or event complexity, visuality, or issue build-up. To engage this, data from English language newspaper articles in the US, Canada, and the UK, press releases by Greenpeace and Sierra Club, press releases by BP, ExxonMobil, and Shell as well as press releases by the White House are analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. I find that as an issue or event’s casual narrative becomes less complicated and as it becomes easier to portray visually its engagement by social and political actors increases. I also find that issue engagement is influenced by whether or not social and political actors signal an issue or an event’s importance to others.

The main purpose of our thesis is to describe how Swedish environmental organizations view their resources for lobbying towards the environmental and climate politics of the European Union (EU). Furthermore, we intend to describe how the Swedish environmental organizations lobby towards the EU, and what their views are on lobbying as a democratic method to influence politics. To obtain the material for this study we have interviewed Världsnaturfonden WWF, Greenpeace Sweden and Friends of the Earth Sweden. The results have been analysed by the Theory of Democracy by Robert Dahl, and by the democratic dilemma with lobbying.The result of the thesis is that the environmental organizations view their resources as being sufficient for lobbying towards the EU, and see themselves as being able to influence the EU. They do however experience difficulties in lobbying towards the EU, mainly because of deficient financial resources and competition with the influential industry lobbyists.Our conclusion is that the environmental organizations see democratic problems with lobbying, which are mainly unequal access to EU’s decision-making process and EU’s lack of transparency. The organizations do however value lobbying as a democratic method because of the benefits for decision-makers and citizens.

I denna uppsats har miljöorganisationerna Naturskyddsföreningen, Greenpeace Sverige och Världsnaturfonden WWFs perspektiv på plastfrågansamt arbetssätt identifierats och analyserats. Detta har utförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys samt med en kompletterandesemistrukturerad intervjustudie. De tre miljöorganisationernas perspektiv kring plastfrågan skiljer sig åt. Naturskyddsföreningen ser på plastfråganfrämst ur ett perspektiv där fokusen finns på de negativa effekterna som plast och plastkemikalierna bidrar med till människors hälsa, där barnenshälsa är det främsta fokusområdet. Greenpeace Sverige ser på plastfrågan ur ett perspektiv där fokusen finns på både de farliga effekterna somplasten och plastkemikalierna bidrar med till människors hälsa men även på dess negativa effekter på havens ekosystem och de marina djurarterna.Världsnaturfonden WWF ser på plastfrågan ur ett perspektiv där fokusen finns på de negativa effekterna plasten och plastkemikalierna ger påhavens ekosystem och de marina djurarterna. Samtliga av de tre organisationerna arbetar genom att utföra kampanjer, ta fram underlag och föradialoger med politiker. Den organisationen som främst skiljer sig i arbetssätt från de övriga två är Greenpeace Sverige. Greenpeace använder sigäven av aktioner, protester och demonstrationer, främst mot företag. Naturskyddsföreningen och Världsnaturfonden WWF är inte aktivistbaseradeorganisationer och använder sig inte av dessa arbetssätt. Det som samtliga av dessa tre organisationer strävar efter och vill uppnå är en ändradlagstiftning där politikerna och industrierna tar ett större ansvar gällande plastproblematiken. / In this essay have the environmental organizations, Naturskyddsföreningen, Greenpeace Sweden and Världsnaturfonden WWF’s perspective onthe plastic issue and working methods regarding this issue been identified and analyzed. This has been done using a qualitative content analysis aswell as a supplementary semistructured interview study. The three environmental organizations’ perspective on the plastic issue is different foreach organization. Naturskyddsföreningen sees on the plastic issue primarily from a perspective where the focus is on the negative effects thatplastic and the chemicals in plastic contribute to the human health, where children’s health is the main focus area. Greenpeace Sweden sees on theplastic issue from a perspective where the focus is on both the dangerous effects that plastic and the chemicals in plastic contribute to the humanhealth, but also it’s negative effects on the marine ecosystems and the marine species. Världsnaturfonden WWF sees on the plastic issue from aperspective where the focus is on the negative effects the plastic and the chemicals in plastic have on the marine ecosystems and the marinespecies. All of the three organizations uses working methods where they conduct campaigns, develop evidence and conduct dialogs withpoliticians. The organization that differs mainly from the two other organizations regarding working methods is Greenpeace Sweden. GreenpeaceSweden also uses actions, protests and demonstrations, primarily against companies. Naturskyddsföreningen and Världsnaturfonden WWF arenon-activist organizations and do not use these kinds of working methods. What all three of these organizations aim for and want to achieve is achanged legislation in which politicians and the industry take a greater responsibility for the plastic issue

No description available.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estabelecer uma comparação entre o modo como três setores distintos relacionados à área de ecoturismo - agências de turismo, entidades ambientalistas e órgãos governamentais - buscam propagar suas idéias, e como isso pode se refletir na forma como denominam suas atividades e nos conceitos com relação a essa área. Para que esse objetivo fosse atingido, foi compilado um corpus comparável em português e inglês com textos autênticos dos três setores mencionados a partir de sites brasileiros e neozelandeses. Os dados foram levantados com o uso de uma ferramenta computacional para análise lingüística, o WordSmith Tools. Este trabalho está embasado em três áreas - Lingüística de Corpus, Terminologia e Turismo - e possibilitou uma reflexão a respeito do processo de extração de termos utilizando-se a Lingüística de Corpus, demonstrando como esse procedimento pode auxiliar a tornar a pesquisa lingüística e a extração de termos mais precisa e confiável, oferecendo contribuições relevantes para o processo tradutório, o ensino de línguas para fins específicos e a produção de glossários e dicionários terminológicos. / The aim of this study is to establish a comparison between the way three distinct areas related to Ecotourism - travel agencies, environmental organizations and the government - try to spread their ideas, which is reflected in the way they name their activities and the concepts they adopt concerning ecotourism. In order to achieve our goals, a comparable Portuguese and English corpus was compiled with authentic texts from Brazilian and Newzeland sites in the three areas mentioned. The data was obtained with the use of a computational tool for linguistics analysis, the WordSmith Tools. This study is grounded in three areas: Corpus Linguistics, Terminology and Tourism and enabled a reflection about the process of term extraction with the help of Corpus Linguistics, showing how this procedure can help making linguistic research and term extraction more precise and reliable, and how, in turn, this can offer useful contributions to the translation process, the teaching of language for specific purposes and the production of glossaries and terminological dictionaries.

xviii, 274 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Environmental organizations in the US engage in a variety of political practices in order to meet their goals. Some organizations consciously pursue more contentious and oppositional actions to match their goals, while others adopt methods that align with conventional institutional practices to achieve their goals. This variation in the terrain of the environmental movement is indicated by the behavior of the environmental organizations that it largely comprises. The following is an investigation of the factors that influence the political advocacy of a sample of environmental organizations and thus the political praxis of the environmental movement proper. By deriving concepts from a 2006 survey of a sample of organizations in the US, three conceptual factors derived from social movement theory are operationalized: ideological identities, strategies of practice and resource structures. Using numerous independent variables, these concepts are then tested in a logistic regression for the effect they have on the odds that the organizations would oppose any of three historical events: the World Trade Organization (WTO), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and/or the Kyoto protocols. A typology of environmental organizations is then constructed, tested, substantiated, problematized, and interpreted. Subsequently, a comparative case analysis of 11 distinct organizations was conducted that revealed the ways in which the leadership constructed meaning around their organizational practices and helped develop the typology further, explaining some of its shortcomings and adding nuance to the model that better explains contemporary environmental advocacy behavior in the US. Directions for future research are assessed, and both the challenging and encouraging implications that this research has for the environmental movement as a whole are extrapolated. / Committee in charge: Michael Dreiling, Chairperson, Sociology; Yvonne Braun, Member, Sociology; Gregory McLauchlan, Member, Sociology; David Frank, Outside Member, Honors College

Esta tese trata da presença das organizações ambientalistas da sociedade civil brasileira na perspectiva de construção da agenda ambiental durante o primeiro mandato do governo Lula (2003-2007). O questionamento central está em perceber como se estrutura a participação da sociedade civil no governo e qual a sua capacidade de influenciar as decisões políticas pertinentes ao tema do meio ambiente. Dessa forma, são analisados os espaços de interlocução entre Estado e sociedade civil, principalmente as duas primeiras Conferências Nacionais de Meio Ambiente, o CONAMA (Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente), as audiências públicas e as redes pessoais de relações, estas, permitindo aos ambientalistas das organizações da sociedade civil um acesso direto aos quadros governamentais. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, por meio da análise de documentos, de informações contidas em material da imprensa e daquelas informações disponibilizadas pelas organizações e pelos quadros do governo. Contudo, a maior fonte de informações e análise consistiu em entrevistas realizadas com setores do Estado e da sociedade civil e com empresários. Dentre as conclusões alcançadas neste trabalho está, principalmente, a de que, apesar de a presença da sociedade civil ser constante no período referido do governo Lula, a sua participação com real potencial de influenciar a agenda ambiental ocorre mais pela própria rede estabelecida entre os quadros das organizações e do governo do que pelos mecanismos de participação e deliberação encontrados nos canais institucionais de participação. Além disso, essa potencial influência se restringe ao Ministério de Meio Ambiente e está limitada pela concretização dos interesses relacionados ao desenvolvimento econômico. Entretanto, apesar de a capacidade de participação e influência da sociedade civil estar limitada, alguns aspectos analisados sugerem uma complexificação dos processos participativos possibilitando uma abertura para a formação e o engajamento de novos públicos para a temática ambiental. / The present dissertation approaches the presence of Brazilian civil society environmental organizations in the constitution and implementation of an environmental agenda during the first mandate of Lula Administration (2003 – 2007). The central question is to analyze how civil society participation in the government is structured and what is its capacity to influence in the political decisions related to the environment theme. In this sense, this dissertation analyzes the spaces of dialog between State and civil society, mainly the two first Environment National Conferences, the CONAMA (Environment National Council), public conferences and personal nets which allowed environmentalists from civil society organizations a direct access to government staffs. In order to do so, the methodology employed was qualitative by means of analysis of data provided by documents, press material and information made available by organizations and government personnel. However, the major source of data was the interviews with representatives from some sectors of the State, civil society and entrepreneurs. Among the reached conclusions the most important is that, besides the fact that civil society participation is constant in that period of Lula Administration, its real capacity of influencing the environmental agenda is much more linked to the personal nets established between the organizations and government staffs than to participation and decision making mechanisms found in the institutional channels of participation. In addition, this potential influence was restricted to the Secretariat of Environment and submitted to the achievement of economical development interests. However, although the civil society capacity of participation and influence is restricted, some aspects analyzed suggest an increase in complexity of the participative processes that makes possible an opening up of constitution and engagement of new actors in the environmental theme.

Esta tese trata da presença das organizações ambientalistas da sociedade civil brasileira na perspectiva de construção da agenda ambiental durante o primeiro mandato do governo Lula (2003-2007). O questionamento central está em perceber como se estrutura a participação da sociedade civil no governo e qual a sua capacidade de influenciar as decisões políticas pertinentes ao tema do meio ambiente. Dessa forma, são analisados os espaços de interlocução entre Estado e sociedade civil, principalmente as duas primeiras Conferências Nacionais de Meio Ambiente, o CONAMA (Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente), as audiências públicas e as redes pessoais de relações, estas, permitindo aos ambientalistas das organizações da sociedade civil um acesso direto aos quadros governamentais. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, por meio da análise de documentos, de informações contidas em material da imprensa e daquelas informações disponibilizadas pelas organizações e pelos quadros do governo. Contudo, a maior fonte de informações e análise consistiu em entrevistas realizadas com setores do Estado e da sociedade civil e com empresários. Dentre as conclusões alcançadas neste trabalho está, principalmente, a de que, apesar de a presença da sociedade civil ser constante no período referido do governo Lula, a sua participação com real potencial de influenciar a agenda ambiental ocorre mais pela própria rede estabelecida entre os quadros das organizações e do governo do que pelos mecanismos de participação e deliberação encontrados nos canais institucionais de participação. Além disso, essa potencial influência se restringe ao Ministério de Meio Ambiente e está limitada pela concretização dos interesses relacionados ao desenvolvimento econômico. Entretanto, apesar de a capacidade de participação e influência da sociedade civil estar limitada, alguns aspectos analisados sugerem uma complexificação dos processos participativos possibilitando uma abertura para a formação e o engajamento de novos públicos para a temática ambiental. / The present dissertation approaches the presence of Brazilian civil society environmental organizations in the constitution and implementation of an environmental agenda during the first mandate of Lula Administration (2003 – 2007). The central question is to analyze how civil society participation in the government is structured and what is its capacity to influence in the political decisions related to the environment theme. In this sense, this dissertation analyzes the spaces of dialog between State and civil society, mainly the two first Environment National Conferences, the CONAMA (Environment National Council), public conferences and personal nets which allowed environmentalists from civil society organizations a direct access to government staffs. In order to do so, the methodology employed was qualitative by means of analysis of data provided by documents, press material and information made available by organizations and government personnel. However, the major source of data was the interviews with representatives from some sectors of the State, civil society and entrepreneurs. Among the reached conclusions the most important is that, besides the fact that civil society participation is constant in that period of Lula Administration, its real capacity of influencing the environmental agenda is much more linked to the personal nets established between the organizations and government staffs than to participation and decision making mechanisms found in the institutional channels of participation. In addition, this potential influence was restricted to the Secretariat of Environment and submitted to the achievement of economical development interests. However, although the civil society capacity of participation and influence is restricted, some aspects analyzed suggest an increase in complexity of the participative processes that makes possible an opening up of constitution and engagement of new actors in the environmental theme.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é estabelecer uma comparação entre o modo como três setores distintos relacionados à área de ecoturismo - agências de turismo, entidades ambientalistas e órgãos governamentais - buscam propagar suas idéias, e como isso pode se refletir na forma como denominam suas atividades e nos conceitos com relação a essa área. Para que esse objetivo fosse atingido, foi compilado um corpus comparável em português e inglês com textos autênticos dos três setores mencionados a partir de sites brasileiros e neozelandeses. Os dados foram levantados com o uso de uma ferramenta computacional para análise lingüística, o WordSmith Tools. Este trabalho está embasado em três áreas - Lingüística de Corpus, Terminologia e Turismo - e possibilitou uma reflexão a respeito do processo de extração de termos utilizando-se a Lingüística de Corpus, demonstrando como esse procedimento pode auxiliar a tornar a pesquisa lingüística e a extração de termos mais precisa e confiável, oferecendo contribuições relevantes para o processo tradutório, o ensino de línguas para fins específicos e a produção de glossários e dicionários terminológicos. / The aim of this study is to establish a comparison between the way three distinct areas related to Ecotourism - travel agencies, environmental organizations and the government - try to spread their ideas, which is reflected in the way they name their activities and the concepts they adopt concerning ecotourism. In order to achieve our goals, a comparable Portuguese and English corpus was compiled with authentic texts from Brazilian and Newzeland sites in the three areas mentioned. The data was obtained with the use of a computational tool for linguistics analysis, the WordSmith Tools. This study is grounded in three areas: Corpus Linguistics, Terminology and Tourism and enabled a reflection about the process of term extraction with the help of Corpus Linguistics, showing how this procedure can help making linguistic research and term extraction more precise and reliable, and how, in turn, this can offer useful contributions to the translation process, the teaching of language for specific purposes and the production of glossaries and terminological dictionaries.