Malgré ce que l’on a pu croire, le régime commun pourrait présenter un grand intérêt pour le droit international de l’environnement sous réserve de la prise en compte de certaines considérations environnementales. Il s’agit d’une part, du déclenchement de la responsabilité et, d’autre part, de la réparation. Si, en raison de certaines insuffisances normatives environnementales, l’engagement de la responsabilité pourrait soulever des difficultés, le fondement du régime commun, à savoir le fait illicite, facilite la prévention des dommages environnementaux. Quant à l’invocation de la responsabilité, une évolution concernant les droits des États agissant pour un intérêt collectif pourrait empêcher que de nombreux espaces et espèces échappent à la sphère de la responsabilité des États. Concernant les modalités de la réparation, l’importance d’une réparation en nature ou par équivalent en nature impose une adaptation à l’appréciation ou à la mise en œuvre de la restitution et de l’indemnisation. En revanche, la présente thèse propose une nouvelle forme de satisfaction : la compensation écologique. / Despite some authors’ scepticism, the international environmental law can find certain solutions in the law of state responsibility. However, the success of finding such solutions depends on the introduction of a number of environmental considerations to as conditions of state responsibility, its invocation and reparation. Regarding the first, although the state responsibility, which is based on breach of obligations, may lack normative environmental aspect, its preventive role vis-a-vis the environmental harm should not be underestimated. As to the invocation, the positive law has to acknowledge the right of an injured state acting for the collective interest in order to include spaces and species beyond the state’s sovereignty to the law of state responsibility. Regarding the forms of reparation, restitution and compensation must be adapted taking into consideration the importance of environmental restoration towards baseline conditions. However, satisfaction needs to transform into a multiform and flexible form of reparation. For this purpose the present study suggests the biodiversity offset mechanism as a form of satisfaction.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Rodrigues da Motta Bertoncello.pdf: 889518 bytes, checksum: d02dcf0a830f6d3fd9fe00a8bb2e714d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-04 / The financial market has developed several programs along the recent years in order to offer financing and sustainable investments. However, the lack of a clear definition of what actually means sustainability and also the lack of adaptation regarding the dynamics of financial markets prevent such programs thrive. This study has aimed to investigate the development of environmental regulation through the market regulators, Central Bank of Brazil and the Brazilian Securities Commission, making use of bibliographic and legislative research. It has come to the analysis of the State's duty to set limits to economic power which deals with the political and environmental responsibility of banks and financial institutions, from which it was concluded that only market regulators are able to interpret sustainability and adapt it to the financial sector, which creates a legal framework with a strong dialogue with Economy and Ecology. / As lutas pela preservação do meio ambiente e dos grupos sociais reprimidos ganham ao longo do tempo uma nova roupagem e avançam até o conceito de sustentabilidade. Este conceito posteriormente é abraçado pelas empresas e pelo mercado financeiro em busca de capital reputacional. Todavia, tem-se questionado a efetividade de algumas políticas de sustentabilidade adotadas pelo mercado, as quais parecem buscar para si somente valor agregado. Sendo assim, percebe-se a necessidade da migração de um ambiente de autorregulação para uma regulação financeira especifica que trate da aplicação da sustentabilidade no mercado financeiro, visando mais claramente atender ao interesse público. Pressupõe-se que a regulação financeira seria o melhor mecanismo dialogar com o mercado e, ao mesmo tempo, garantir o interesse público.

Environmental stewardship is an important attribute for students and populations of all ages to have. This study looked at the effect of middle school students of a teacher who participated in a summer field ecology training program taking part in a long-term ecology project, and the impact of the experience on their environmental stewardship attitude. A variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to look at changes in students' environmental stewardship attitudes including: surveying in a pre/post format, teacher, parent, and student focus groups, and teacher interviews. The teacher's experience with the summer field ecology training provided a foundation for development of curriculum and confidence in carrying out fieldwork with his students. Results indicate that participation in a long-term project contributed towards an increase in the students' environmental stewardship attitude, especially if the students reported having taken part in environmental activities in the past or if they were female. The results also indicate a number of implications for other schools and teachers including: focusing on middle school students, good teacher training, focused, long-term projects for students, support for teachers for project implementation, and ecological restoration as part of the student projects.

Thesis (MTech(Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / This study focuses on the assessment of the Green Zone Partnership Model (GZPM), which is a partnership project that was initiated by the City of Cape Town and Bonteheuwel community as a solution towards littering and illegal dumping in public open space areas. It is reported that the City of Cape Town is spending about R350 million year to remove waste illegally dumped in public open spaces around the city. In an attempt to assess the GZPM, the study has been used the environmental partnership theory as an approach to analyse the nature and significance of this partnership project. Over the last 20 years, following the emergence of the concept of sustainability, various organisations including governments are moving towards partnerships with various stakeholders as tools to finding solutions to environmental facing the planet (Long & Arnold, 1995). The emergence of this approach was the catalyst for a partnership formation to address the waste problem within the case study area (Ibid, 1995:34). To locate the study within the broader theoretical debate, the study draws on the theory of environmental partnership. Environmental partnership refers to the partnership formed to engage stakeholder partners in order to solve specific environmental problems. Similarly, Emas (2015:2) argues that partnerships encourage participatory decision making regarding the identification and solution of the current environmental problem. They are, to a larger extent, key to achieving the vision of sustainable development. In the South African context, the popular rise of a democratic system since 1994 has coincided with the escalation of various partnership projects, specifically formed to improve environmental quality. While there is a plethora of partnerships of this nature, with some initiated by the World Bank, IMF, and European Union; there is still a need to assess whether or not these partnership initiatives attain the desirable outcome(s). It is from this backdrop that this research seeks to assess the green zone partnership to establish whether or not it has improved environmental quality with specific reference to littering and illegal dumping in Bonteheuwel community The study used qualitative research design to answer the question raised in this research. Community survey and Face to face in-depth interviews with key stakeholder partners were conducted to collect data that which helped to answer the research question. This data was triangulated with other type of data collected from a household survey conducted within the study area. The data collected revealed how the partnership arrangement (GZPM) has improved the environmental and waste conditions in the communities. The results of the study will be crucial to the environmental health practitioners and managers dealing with waste related problems at local government level. The study has contributed to the existing knowledge in the field of environmental management, environmental health, waste management and natural resource management. Finally, the study concluded that partnership of this nature should be driven by champions from the communities to ensure that the environmental solution is sustainable for the benefit of the future generation. The fact that the partnership project was initiated and funded by the City of Cape Town does not guarantee as sustained solution toward a specific environmental problem (e.g., illegal dumping in public open space areas).

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Education / Master / Master of Education

Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en djupare förståelse för arbetet med Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) inom e-handeln genom att analysera: Det engagemang som finns för CSR och det ansvar som tas av företag inom e-handeln. Hur kommunikation av CSR används av företagen för att positionera sig och stärka sin image. Vad konsumenter har för syn på CSR inom e-handeln och vad detta har för påverkan på företags arbete kring ämnet. I koppling till detta syfte har följande forskningsfråga formulerats: Vad präglar e-handelsföretags arbete med Corporate Social Responsibility? Vi har valt att göra en kvalitativ studie då vi ville analysera vad företagare, experter och konsumenter inom e-handeln har för erfarenheter och åsikter kring arbetet med CSR. Studien har präglats av en abduktiv ansats där vi har haft ett växelspel mellan teori och empiri. Primärdatan har samlats in genom fyra personliga, semi-struturerade intervjuer samt en strukturerad intervju via mail. Vidare har vi även genomfört två fokusgrupper. Genom vår arbetsprocess har vi kunnat urskilja att det engagemang som finns för CSR inom e-handeln varierar beroende på den bransch företagen befinner sig i. E- handelsföretagen tar ett större socialt ansvar, än ett miljömässigt, då de bidrar till olika sociala projekt i samhället som gynnar företagens intressen och därmed bidrar till goodwill och positiv PR. Problem inom e-handeln, som vi kan notera, är främst de returpolicys som finns i Sverige, missförstånd mellan konsumenter och företagen gällande certifieringar samt brist i e-handelsföretagens CSR-kommunikation mot konsumenterna. Vidare skulle positionering genom CSR kunna stärka företagets varumärkesimage och därmed fungera som ett konkurrensmedel, dock måste företagen uppnå en viss trovärdighet för att möjliggöra detta. / The purpose of this study is to provide a deeper understanding regarding the work of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within e-commerce by analyzing: The commitment towards CSR and the responsibility companies take within e-commerce. How communication of CSR is used by companies to positioning themselves and strengthen their image. What consumers think of CSR within e-commerce and what effects it has on the companies. In addition to the purpose, we have formed the following research question: What characterizes the e-commerce companies work with Corporate Social Responsibility? This study is based on a qualitative research methodology since we wanted to analyze how businessmen, experts and consumers within e-commerce experience and think about CSR. The study has been characterized by an abductive approach where we had an interplay between theory and empirical data. The primary data were collected through four personal, semi-structured interviews and one structured interview by email. Furthermore, we have also conducted two focus groups. Throughout our research process, we have been able to distinguish that the commitment towards CSR within e-commerce varies depending on the industry. E-commerce companies are taking a greater social responsibility than an environmental, as they contribute to various social projects in the community that favor corporate interests and hence contributes to the goodwill and positive PR. Problems in e-commerce, as we note, is mainly the return policies in Sweden, misunderstandings between consumers and companies concerning certifications, and a absence of CSR-communication from e- commerce companies towards consumers. Furthermore, the positioning through CSR can be used to strengthen the company's brand image and thereby act as a competitive advantage. However, companies must achieve a certain credibility to make this possible.

The Corporate Sustainability has been one of the organizations\' answers for new demands of actual context, which would stop being only economical and legal, envolving also social and ambiental responsabilities. The implementation of projects from this nature varies since answers to legal impositions until those who are vinculated to the own strategy and culture of the organization. Accordingly, stands out that the sustainable practices conducted by the organizations only make themselves viable from the moment that organizational culture starts being oriented for the Sustainability. The current study, of quantitative and qualitative nature and descriptive character, had as goal verify whether Sustainability is a value shared by the employees of RDX Telecom or by most part of them, or whether coexist different perceptions and performances related to the theme, from the existence of subcultures within the organization, according to parameters of analysis proposed by Martin (2002). The adopted method to lead this research was the case study, realized in RDX Telecom, a telecommunications company with national performance. The research was led in two moments, being the first of them a pilot study and the second, the final research. For the final research, the data were collected, considering internal and external documents published about the company, two in-depth interviews and 290 semistructured interviews, with one probability sample, making use of one guide topic already validated. For qualitative data, was performed the documental analysis and the classic content analysis. With regard to quantitative aspects, the descriptive statistic and the inferencial statistic were used. The results suggest that the sustainability is in the differentiation level and that it\'s still not a quality shared by members of the company, characterizing the existence of various subcultures and different positions and manifestations related to the theme. / A sustentabilidade Corporativa tem sido uma das respostas das organizações para as novas demandas do contexto atual, que deixaram de ser somente econômicas e legais, envolvendo também responsabilidades sociais e ambientais. A implementação de projetos dessa natureza variam desde respostas às imposições legais até aqueles que estão vinculados à própria estratégia e cultura da organização. Nesse sentido, destaca-se que as práticas sustentáveis conduzidas pelas organizações só se viabilizam a partir do momento em que a cultura organizacional passa a estar orientada para a sustentabilidade. O presente estudo, de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa e de caráter descritivo, teve como objetivo verificar se a sustentabilidade é um valor compartilhado pelos funcionários da RDX Telecom ou pela maior parte deles, ou se coexistem diferentes percepções e atuações relacionadas ao tema, a partir da existência de subculturas dentro da organização, conforme parâmetros de análise propostos por Martin (2002). O método adotado para conduzir esta pesquisa foi o estudo de caso, realizado na RDX Telecom, uma empresa de telecomunicações com atuação nacional. A pesquisa foi conduzida em dois momentos, sendo o primeiro deles um estudo piloto e o segundo, a pesquisa final. Para a pesquisa final, os dados foram coletados, considerando-se documentos internos e externos publicados sobre a empresa, duas entrevistas em profundidade e 290 entrevistas semiestruturadas, com uma amostra probabilística, utilizando-se um tópico-guia já validado. Para os dados qualitativos, realizou-se a análise documental e a análise de conteúdo clássica. Com relação aos aspectos quantitativos, foram utilizadas a estatística descritiva e a estatística inferencial. Os resultados sugerem que a sustentabilidade está no nível de diferenciação e que ainda não é um valor compartilhado pelos membros da empresa, caracterizando a existências de diversas subculturas e diferentes posturas e manifestações com relação ao tema. / Mestre em Administração

This thesis presents a political geography of transparency, regulation and resource making in shale gas projects in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). The emergence of shale gas as a politically and economically desirable resource occupied national political aspirations, most notably in the US and to some extent in the UK, for reasons of energy security and economic development. Although shale gas has become a globally desirable resource, this thesis shows that the resource is not same everywhere. Following knowledge making practices in distinct regulatory regimes of the UK and the US, I trace how making of shale gas resource is subjected to contestation in a range of technical fields, such as law, economics, geosciences and environmental impact assessment. The study is based on in-depth analysis of technical and policy documents, and interviews with a wide range of actors (i.e. regulators, gas companies, investors, scientists, landowners), and field visits in the US (New York, Pennsylvania and Texas) and the UK (Lancashire, Litchfield and London). Drawing on theoretical insights from the Science and Technology Studies (STS), legal and resource geographies, I empirically showed that both regulatory practices and resource materialities matter in encapsulating making of shale gas projects in different national contexts. Documenting how information production and its contestation is entangled with assemblages of materials and technologies, as well as regulatory, geoscientific and market interventions in the context of the UK and the US, this thesis offers an alternative account of the geography of transparency and regulation regarding the development of shale gas policies. The political viability of shale projects depends on how these informational spaces are generated, contested and transformed in nationally specific scientific practices and regulatory regimes.

Text in Afrikaans / This research deals with the artist's contribution towards the current process of ecological purification through which mankind's attention are brought to the destructive maintenance of the planet. The alchemical artist uses purification as a means to make social comments on the lifestyle of the contemporary person, through the aestheticism of objects. The different manifestations of ceo-feministic thought within environmental activism are explored to make the reader aware of the diversity of ceo-feministic thought. Eco-feminism in general, tries to promote the importance of the earth as a life supporting system by respecting her needs, cycles, energies and eco-systems. As a result of this process, the public are invited to take part in recycle-art through which a change in attitude towards purification and the survival of the planet, are being accomplished / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Visual Arts)

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-07-01T19:06:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Araújo, Rita de Cássia Machado.pdf: 3335419 bytes, checksum: 9e4bb93cb593c25b64b837177a0e926d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-07-05T20:17:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Araújo, Rita de Cássia Machado.pdf: 3335419 bytes, checksum: 9e4bb93cb593c25b64b837177a0e926d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T20:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araújo, Rita de Cássia Machado.pdf: 3335419 bytes, checksum: 9e4bb93cb593c25b64b837177a0e926d (MD5) / A sustentabilidade é muito mais do que uma agenda ambiental. Ser sustentável não é apenas ser “verde” ou pensar na preservação do meio ambiente. É um conjunto de práticas e ações que se mostrem perene e sejam replicáveis na estratégia da organização. O presente trabalho objetiva verificar as práticas que podem potencializar a inserção da sustentabilidade ambiental na gestão interna do Sebrae-BA. A necessidade de identificar práticas ambientais desenvolvidas pelo Sebrae deu início à fase exploratória da pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, com estudo de caso e um aporte teórico descritivo que, somados aos resultados das visitas ao campo, estudos sobre sustentabilidade no âmbito das organizações, contribuíram para responder à principal questão de partida: Quais são as práticas que podem potencializar a inserção da sustentabilidade ambiental na gestão interna do Sebrae, em Salvador? Para responder a essa pergunta, utilizou-se a seguinte combinação de técnicas: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo, averiguação de trabalhos já realizados, conhecimentos prévios e casos de experiências bem-sucedidas efetivadas no Centro Sebrae de Sustentabilidade, Sebrae-MT e Sebrae-ES. A aplicação de um instrumento de coleta de dados (questionário estruturado e semiestruturado) direcionado aos colaboradores da unidade Sebrae em questão possibilitou traçar recomendações propositivas. Nesta perspectiva, o caminho metodológico escolhido levou ao desenvolvimento de uma proposta de ação para integrar novas práticas sustentáveis, considerando a responsabilidade ambiental na gestão estratégica interna. Dentre os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa, percebe-se que existem várias maneiras do Sebrae-BA mostrar-se atuante quanto à conservação do meio ambiente e solidária quanto à garantia de vida futura saudável no planeta. Para tanto, é imprescindível o compromisso dos dirigentes, que devem incluir na estratégia da organização a implementação da gestão sustentável e inclusiva com vistas à melhoria contínua do desempenho ambiental, assim como promover ações de conscientização junto aos colaboradores, deste modo, contribuindo com o uso racional e equilibrado dos recursos naturais no desenvolvimento de qualquer atividade, adotando medidas de menor impacto ambiental. Sustainability is much more than an environmental agenda. Be sustainable is not just being "green" or thinking about preserving the environment. Is a set of practices and actions that are perennial and are replicable in the strategy of the organization. The present work aims to check the practices that can foster the integration of environmental sustainability in the internal management of Sebrae-BA. The need to identify environmental practices developed by Sebrae initiated the exploratory phase of the research, qualitative character, with case study and a theoretical contribution, added to the descriptive results of field visits, studies on sustainability within the organizations, contributed to answer the main question: what are the practices that can foster the integration of environmental sustainability in the internal management of Sebrae in Salvador? To answer that question, we used the following combination of techniques: bibliographical research, field research, investigation of work already carried out, previous knowledge and successful experiences take effect in the center of sustainability Sebrae, Sebrae-MT and Sebrae-ES. The implementation of a data collection instrument (questionnaire structured and semi-structured) directed to employees of the unit concerned, enabled trace Sebrae recommendations propositivas. In this respect, the methodology chosen path has led to the development of a proposal for action to integrate new sustainable practices, considering the environmental responsibility in strategic management. Among the results obtained with the search, there are several ways of Sebrae-BA show active regarding environmental conservation and caring about the future healthy life assurance on the planet. To this end, it is essential the commitment of leaders, who must include in the strategy of the Organization the implementation of sustainable and inclusive management with a view to continual improvement of environmental performance, as well as promote awareness campaigns among the employees, thus contributing to the rational and balanced use of natural resources in the development of any activity, adopting measures to lower environmental impact.