The aim of this research is to do a comparison between students’ view of equality in secondary school and in gymnasium. The research begins with four focus groups, two on each grade to conduct material. The focus groups with girls and boys were separated from each other. With help from the researcher, acting as a moderator in the focus groups, the students have discussed advertisement and what message it convey. The students have also discussed their view of femininity and masculinity. With its starting point in separate maintenance and hierarchy, the theory of gender was discussed and connected to the result of the research. The conducted material was further on analyzed to be able to find out if the school can affect the students’ thoughts about equality. The conducted material from the focus groups was compared between boys and girls and also between the two grades.

When people are motivated to justify their socio-political systems they come to view the current status quo as the most desirable status quo--a process termed injunctification (Kay et al., 2009). Here, two studies suggest that injunctification processes can perpetuate gender inequalities in politics. In Study 1, I manipulated the system justification (SJ) motive of 64 female undergraduates and presented information suggesting there are many or few women in federal politics. Participants with their SJ motive heightened and who read there were many women more showed more egalitarian attitudes compared to other conditions. Study 2 (90 female undergraduates) again manipulated the SJ motive and manipulated the status quo about the number of women in politics. Participants with a heightened SJ motive who read there would soon be many women in politics reported more personal political interest, compared to other conditions. Implications for inequality and System Justification Theory are discussed.

When people are motivated to justify their socio-political systems they come to view the current status quo as the most desirable status quo--a process termed injunctification (Kay et al., 2009). Here, two studies suggest that injunctification processes can perpetuate gender inequalities in politics. In Study 1, I manipulated the system justification (SJ) motive of 64 female undergraduates and presented information suggesting there are many or few women in federal politics. Participants with their SJ motive heightened and who read there were many women more showed more egalitarian attitudes compared to other conditions. Study 2 (90 female undergraduates) again manipulated the SJ motive and manipulated the status quo about the number of women in politics. Participants with a heightened SJ motive who read there would soon be many women in politics reported more personal political interest, compared to other conditions. Implications for inequality and System Justification Theory are discussed.

Our purpose with this essay is to find explanations to the genesis of the Swedish law against prostitution now in power, known as Sexköpslagen 1998:408. We enter deeply into the official reports behind the law. This Swedish law implies that in a sex trade a crime is committed only by the consumer, and not by the seller. Our essay will result in an analysis of what sexköpslagen is an expression for. Our assumption is that the so called ideology of (gender) equality in Sweden might be a part of the explanation to the genesis of sexköpslagen. The question at issue, which we will try to give an answer to is: Why was a prohibition against buying sexual services introduced in Sweden? To be able to study the unique law we will make some international comparisons in order to relate the Swedish law to other countries’ regulations. The method of our essay is to analysis material that mainly consists of official reports and preparatory to the law. The process to the Swedish law was complicated and protracted. Political discussions about a criminalization began in the 1970 but it would take thirty years before the law was applied. Of crucial importance to the law now in power was the women union of the social democracy party. In order to meet the aim of our essay we analyze our material with the theory of the Swedish women movements and how they put the question of equality on the political agenda. Our conclusion is that prostitution is considered to be an expression for lack of (gender) equality.

The aim of this study was to examine how the interviewed teachers in one school observe their view of gender and equality regarding the educational system.  Accordingly, I would like to present my intention with this study, also be to analyze how the interviewed teachers way of working with matters of gender and equality, carry out as a portrait of their values considering the distribution in terms of gender. The research questions are the following:  What is the teachers view on the concepts of equality and gender in school? How do different teachers talk about their way of working in relation to gender and equality in school? How is boys and girls images presented in the teachers descriptions in their discussion about gender and equality? This study is based on a fundamental qualitative method, where a handful number of teacher’s from one school were interviewed in order to obtain information and data for the examination. The interviews were analyzed and discussed in association to earlier research in aspiration to study different writer’s theories about the conception of gender and equality. The following writers’ theories, compose as the theoretical connection of the study;” Hirdman, Eidevald, Lif and Olofsson”. The conclusions of this study can be presented by the teacher’s intentions in balancing the matter of gender in relation to equality. All interviewers share a common view that these matters concerning gender and equality should be recognized and emphasized in the teacher’s work with the students. Additionally, due to the complex relationship between gender and equality, do the teachers there for base their work on the comprehension that the concepts of gender and equality have the same meaning and for this reason also share a similar significance. The interviewed teachers aspire to work on a solution to the issues of gender and equality, by focusing their work in situating the individual in the main center with the purpose to establish a sexless platform for each and every individual.

The substance of this thesis is going to conduct Feminism into the research of female labor situation and current equal rights between two sexes through demonstration of Patriarchy and Feminism. To solve the straits and situation of female labor under the collusion of Patriarchy and Capitalism after analyzed the comparison of Feminism Legal Research and related references. Further, to expect our government can implement actually the equal rights between two sexes. When we discovered successfully the equal rights between two sexes in advanced countries, which have included all levels, the fluctuations of equal rights between both sexes are predominated by our Patriarchy government that cannot realize the core of female demand. And also any kind of protection strategies separated in different laws so result in much disadvantages and conflicts. Furthermore, the females suffer from unfair dual treatments of labor market and no-pay labor in domestic chores because of the logic of labor force and class construction, which are formed by conventional Patriarchy values and capitalism. In job market, the females have to face up to the traits of sexual discrimination, informally payment, sex harassment, pregnancy prevention, re-employee, personalize child care, and lack of female protection. However, under the backgrounds of political and economical structures and the pressure of interpretation of law made by the Grand Justice the woman movements were springing up lately and to supervise government to establish Gender Equality in Employment Law in accordance with the bases of the legal principles, so as to achieve the goal of implementing the equal rights for both sexes. The problems of Patriarchy have been broken progressively by Gender Equality in Employment Law and Sexual Harassment Prevention Law, in which include forbiddance of sexual discrimination employment equality, and sexual harassment prevention. It does not only integrate and make up lack of equal rights between two sexes by past, but also transform the ¡§Female Protection¡¨, which was forbidden by Patriarchy, to ¡§Gender Equality¡¨. Moreover, try to make reasonable for sexual discrimination and to achieve the purpose of gender equality. Although we have discovered actual situation that still not implement overall in our society, gender equality has changed and adjusted. Thus, to realize the gender subject is mutual responsibility and concept of two sexes, enterprises, and government. In a word, under the demonstration of Patriarchy and Feminism we disclose that the cultural hegemony and collusion of Patriarchy and Capitalism are the key points of obstructing the practice of equal rights for both sexes. Women groups have realized the idea of Feminism by means of Gender Equality in Employment Law and Sexual Harassment Prevention Law. Although there are many compromises and concessions in the process, they have broken the phenomenon of the predominant status and impediment of Patriarchy gradually, and the women issues are promoted to the category of public area to be discussed. The predicaments of women in families and jobs have received much attention. It is possible to realize the equal rights for both sexes and gender equality, and the day of accomplishing the equal rights for both sexes can be expected soon.

Abstract The aim of the thesis is to examine equality ,efficiency and legitimacy of public housing policy in Singapore from 1960 to now. The major point of the research is to analyse equality of public housing policy in Singapore. A ruling party at every country operates policys to gain the advantageous position.Therefore, there is a normal condition in politics that a ruling party often fulfills some policy to ingratiate people. Althoug the PAP government obtain people¡¦s surport and enhance its legitimacy by the means of the Upgrading Programe ,the promise of public housing policy and other issues as the elections , it still takes equality and efficiency of public housing policy into consideration. There are five chapters in this thesis. Chapter one is introduction and it illustrated the study motivation ,the study background ,the study goal ,document reversal and research methods. Chapter two is the public polciy theory adopted in this thesis. Chapter three is the backgroud of public housing policy in Singapore. Chapter four is the building of the laws and systems of public housing policy ing Singapore. Chapter five is the operation of public housing policy in Singapore. Chapter six evaluates public housing policy in Singapore. Chapter seven is the concluion.

Besinnen sich die Historiker zurück auf eine klar konturierte Wirklichkeit oder sollten sie das zumindest tun? Das Leitwort der 47. Versammlung scheint darauf hinzudeuten. Immerhin, der Plural mildert die Härte noch etwas ab. Zuletzt war von Wirklichkeit im Rahmenthema des Frankfurter Historikertages die Rede gewesen, auch da schon in der Mehrzahl und gepaart mit dem schönen Gegenbegriff „Intentionen“. Das fiel zeitlich zusammen mit der Ablösung von Bundeskanzler KOHL durch Rot-Grün, und während die Intentionen der neuen Regierung damals ohnehin nicht allzu hoch gespannt waren, traten die Wirklichkeiten in Gestalt von Auslandseinsätzen und Globalisierungsfolgen bald umso vehementer auf den Plan.

<p>Our purpose with this essay is to find explanations to the genesis of the Swedish law against prostitution now in power, known as Sexköpslagen 1998:408. We enter deeply into the official reports behind the law. This Swedish law implies that in a sex trade a crime is committed only by the consumer, and not by the seller. Our essay will result in an analysis of what sexköpslagen is an expression for. Our assumption is that the so called ideology of (gender) equality in Sweden might be a part of the explanation to the genesis of sexköpslagen. The question at issue, which we will try to give an answer to is: Why was a prohibition against buying sexual services introduced in Sweden? To be able to study the unique law we will make some international comparisons in order to relate the Swedish law to other countries’ regulations. The method of our essay is to analysis material that mainly consists of official reports and preparatory to the law. The process to the Swedish law was complicated and protracted. Political discussions about a criminalization began in the 1970 but it would take thirty years before the law was applied. Of crucial importance to the law now in power was the women union of the social democracy party. In order to meet the aim of our essay we analyze our material with the theory of the Swedish women movements and how they put the question of equality on the political agenda. Our conclusion is that prostitution is considered to be an expression for lack of (gender) equality.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-123).