<p>The main aim of this master thesis was to examine the visual ergonomics and the systematic work environment management concerning lighting issues for nurses within domiciliary care. Further aims were to examine a few existing lighting solutions, to come up with ideas for future possible lighting solutions, and to evaluate if the legal regulations for lighting is satisfying and if the regulations are obeyed in domiciliary nursing.</p><p>The methods used were a questionnaire completed by 55 nurses, field studies of used lightings in cooperation with a student in industrial esign, test of ten existing lighting solutions in a laboratory environment, and a field test of five existing lighting solutions tested by nine nurses in the home of the patient.</p><p>The result indicates that 40 % of the asked nurses were dissatisfied with the working light in the patient’s homes. All respondents reported poor working light close to the patient, 50 % reported that this problem occurred daily. One third reported that they had to work in uncomfortable working postures due to insufficient working light, and 15 % reported risk of making mistakes due to the same reason. The respondents were most disturbed by insufficient working light when handling medicine, inserting cannulae, taking blood samples, wound care, and patient evaluation. Visual discomfort was reported by 60 % of the nurses. The results showed a significant correlation between visual discomfort and headache, neck discomfort, and symptoms from the shoulders. There was a strong tendency to a reversed correlation between visual discomfort and social support.</p><p>Regular evaluation of the work environment in the patient’s home were rarely performed on initiative by the employer. Few nurses reported that they had a checklist for examining the work environment in the patient’s home, and lighting was not mentioned on the few checklists that in fact existed. The studied group did not meet the legal regulations concerning systematic work environment management for lighting issues. Neither did any of the tested, existing lighting solutions met all the requirements that our group stated for a suitable lighting solution for medical care in the home environment. The content of the legal regulations concerning lighting at domiciliary nursing are found to be sufficiently written, the main problem seems to be that these regulations regarding lighting are not followed within domiciliary nursing.</p><p>Conclusions: Working light and the systematic work environment management needs improvement within domiciliary nursing. There is a need for specially designed lighting solutions for domiciliary nursing and home care.</p> / <p>Denna magisteruppsats i ergonomi, som handlar om synergonomi och arbetsbelysning för sjuksköterskor inom den avancerade hemsjukvården, gjordes på initiativ av Arbetsmiljöverket.</p><p>Syftet var att undersöka synergonomin, det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet kring belysningsfrågor för sjuksköterskor inom den avancerade hemsjukvården, utvärdera några befintliga belysningslösningar, föreslå framtida möjliga belysningslösningar samt utvärdera om de lagstadgade kraven är tillräckliga, och om de efterlevs inom den avancerade hemsjukvården.</p><p>Metod: en synergonomienkät besvarades av 55 sjuksköterskor (svarsfrekvens cirka 50 %), analys av befintliga belysningar och test av 10 befintliga belysningar i laboratorieliknande miljö och test av fem befintliga belysningar hos patienten, samt samarbete med en student inom industridesign som håller på att utveckla en belysningsprodukt speciellt anpassad för vård och omsorg i hemmet.</p><p>Resultat: cirka 40 % av de tillfrågade sjuksköterskorna var missnöjda med arbetsbelysningen i det enskilda hemmet. Alla angav att det förekom för lite ljus vid patienten, och hälften angav att det upplevdes som en brist dagligen. En tredjedel angav att de dagligen fick inta obekväma arbetsställningar p.g.a. dålig belysning, och 15 % rapporterade att de dagligen riskerade att göra fel p.g.a. dålig belysning. De stördes mest av dålig belysning vid läkemedelshantering, provtagning, skötsel/sättande av nål, sårvård och vid bedömning av patienten. Ögonbesvär förekom hos 58 % av de svarande. Signifikanta samband sågs mellan ögonbesvär och huvudvärk, nackvärk och besvär i axlar/skuldror. En tydlig tendens till ett omvänt samband sågs mellan ögonbesvär och socialt stöd.</p><p>Arbetsmiljöriskerna i det enskilda hemmet undersöktes inte av vårdgivarna i någon större utsträckning. Få hade en checklista vid undersökning av arbetsmiljön, och belysning var inte med på den listan. Gällande belysning levde de inte upp till kraven på systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete. Ingen av de testade befintliga belysningarna uppfyllde alla de krav och önskemål vi ställt upp för en lämplig belysning inom hemsjukvården. Sammantaget bedöms kraven i de olika arbetsmiljöföreskrifterna tillsammans tillräckliga för att kunna få till en bra arbetsbelysning i det enskilda hemmet. I de studerade verksamheterna fanns det brister i hur man levde upp till dessa föreskrifter.</p><p>Slutsatser: Arbetsbelysningen och det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet behöver förbättras inom den avancerade hemsjukvården. Behov finns för specialanpassade belysningslösningar vid vård och omsorg i hemmet.</p>

The main aim of this master thesis was to examine the visual ergonomics and the systematic work environment management concerning lighting issues for nurses within domiciliary care. Further aims were to examine a few existing lighting solutions, to come up with ideas for future possible lighting solutions, and to evaluate if the legal regulations for lighting is satisfying and if the regulations are obeyed in domiciliary nursing. The methods used were a questionnaire completed by 55 nurses, field studies of used lightings in cooperation with a student in industrial esign, test of ten existing lighting solutions in a laboratory environment, and a field test of five existing lighting solutions tested by nine nurses in the home of the patient. The result indicates that 40 % of the asked nurses were dissatisfied with the working light in the patient’s homes. All respondents reported poor working light close to the patient, 50 % reported that this problem occurred daily. One third reported that they had to work in uncomfortable working postures due to insufficient working light, and 15 % reported risk of making mistakes due to the same reason. The respondents were most disturbed by insufficient working light when handling medicine, inserting cannulae, taking blood samples, wound care, and patient evaluation. Visual discomfort was reported by 60 % of the nurses. The results showed a significant correlation between visual discomfort and headache, neck discomfort, and symptoms from the shoulders. There was a strong tendency to a reversed correlation between visual discomfort and social support. Regular evaluation of the work environment in the patient’s home were rarely performed on initiative by the employer. Few nurses reported that they had a checklist for examining the work environment in the patient’s home, and lighting was not mentioned on the few checklists that in fact existed. The studied group did not meet the legal regulations concerning systematic work environment management for lighting issues. Neither did any of the tested, existing lighting solutions met all the requirements that our group stated for a suitable lighting solution for medical care in the home environment. The content of the legal regulations concerning lighting at domiciliary nursing are found to be sufficiently written, the main problem seems to be that these regulations regarding lighting are not followed within domiciliary nursing. Conclusions: Working light and the systematic work environment management needs improvement within domiciliary nursing. There is a need for specially designed lighting solutions for domiciliary nursing and home care. / Denna magisteruppsats i ergonomi, som handlar om synergonomi och arbetsbelysning för sjuksköterskor inom den avancerade hemsjukvården, gjordes på initiativ av Arbetsmiljöverket. Syftet var att undersöka synergonomin, det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet kring belysningsfrågor för sjuksköterskor inom den avancerade hemsjukvården, utvärdera några befintliga belysningslösningar, föreslå framtida möjliga belysningslösningar samt utvärdera om de lagstadgade kraven är tillräckliga, och om de efterlevs inom den avancerade hemsjukvården. Metod: en synergonomienkät besvarades av 55 sjuksköterskor (svarsfrekvens cirka 50 %), analys av befintliga belysningar och test av 10 befintliga belysningar i laboratorieliknande miljö och test av fem befintliga belysningar hos patienten, samt samarbete med en student inom industridesign som håller på att utveckla en belysningsprodukt speciellt anpassad för vård och omsorg i hemmet. Resultat: cirka 40 % av de tillfrågade sjuksköterskorna var missnöjda med arbetsbelysningen i det enskilda hemmet. Alla angav att det förekom för lite ljus vid patienten, och hälften angav att det upplevdes som en brist dagligen. En tredjedel angav att de dagligen fick inta obekväma arbetsställningar p.g.a. dålig belysning, och 15 % rapporterade att de dagligen riskerade att göra fel p.g.a. dålig belysning. De stördes mest av dålig belysning vid läkemedelshantering, provtagning, skötsel/sättande av nål, sårvård och vid bedömning av patienten. Ögonbesvär förekom hos 58 % av de svarande. Signifikanta samband sågs mellan ögonbesvär och huvudvärk, nackvärk och besvär i axlar/skuldror. En tydlig tendens till ett omvänt samband sågs mellan ögonbesvär och socialt stöd. Arbetsmiljöriskerna i det enskilda hemmet undersöktes inte av vårdgivarna i någon större utsträckning. Få hade en checklista vid undersökning av arbetsmiljön, och belysning var inte med på den listan. Gällande belysning levde de inte upp till kraven på systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete. Ingen av de testade befintliga belysningarna uppfyllde alla de krav och önskemål vi ställt upp för en lämplig belysning inom hemsjukvården. Sammantaget bedöms kraven i de olika arbetsmiljöföreskrifterna tillsammans tillräckliga för att kunna få till en bra arbetsbelysning i det enskilda hemmet. I de studerade verksamheterna fanns det brister i hur man levde upp till dessa föreskrifter. Slutsatser: Arbetsbelysningen och det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet behöver förbättras inom den avancerade hemsjukvården. Behov finns för specialanpassade belysningslösningar vid vård och omsorg i hemmet.

Nowadays virtual simulations are commonly used to solve problems regarding worker well-being or productivity in manufacturing companies. However, when it comes to finding a solution to one of these two objectives, the other usually tends to be secondary. In order to solve this problem, the Ergonomics in Production Platform (EPP) has been developed within research efforts at University of Skövde, which through the use of optimizations is able to obtain solutions where both objectives are taken into account. In turn, in order to address worker well-being, EPP makes use of the digital human modelling (DHM) tool. DHM tools are often used to evaluate simulations focused on studying human-machine interaction. However, as these software evolve and start to be able to reproduce complete motions, before they were only considering frames, new methods are needed to be able to assess risk factors such as time and prevent the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). In order to assist in the development of EPP optimizations for simulations carried out in DHM tools, the time-based observational method RAMP was implemented, specifically the posture-related criteria of RAMP II. Using the Design and Creation research methodology, a welding gun case study located in China offered by Volvo Cars was used to evaluate the results of the optimizations carried out with EPP. For the evaluation of this case study, a manikin family of 10 members representing key cases of the Asian population was created for this task. Later, this task was recreated in IPS IMMA, where the 10 cases interacted with 3 welding guns to weld different spots on a piece. The analysis of this case study consisted of two distinct phases where the results of RAMP II implemented in EPP could be evaluated. The first phase focused on analyzing initial results of three different trajectories for all members of the family. The second phase consisted of optimizing one of the trajectories analyzed in the previous phase in such a way as to find the best welding angle of the gun to improve the results of the worst case in the first analysis. Three different factors were evaluated in this phase: RAMP II results versus the new angle, RAMP II results versus the results of other methods and the effect of productivity versus worker well-being. The results showed that welding angles of 116º and 80º were able to improve the values of the RAMP II criteria for the most disadvantaged manikin in the welding task. At the same time, it was observed that the higher the percentage of value added time, the higher the risk obtained in the analysis, worsening the worker's well-being.

Hairdressers’ exposure to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) appears to be insufficiently described in the literature. Knowledge regarding musculoskeletal disorders in this group is also sparse. The purpose of the research was to investigate the status of work-related musculoskeletal disorder cases found in Taiwanese hairdressers and to develop user-centred, strategic solutions to prevent the accumulation of musculoskeletal disorders in this group, especially newcomers to the industry. The study involved a series of investigations into the status of WMSDs for hairdressers in Taiwan as a first step towards their prevention. A hairdresser-oriented, musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to discover the risk factors associated with WMSDs and a validated, on-line, rapid, upper-limb assessment tool was used to identify critical hairdressing working postures. Improvements to the main critical hairdressing working postures identified by the first stage of the research have been addressed by an ergonomics training programme. The effectiveness of this is validated using 3D-motion analysis based on a pre- and post-test evaluation of awkward movements. A scientific approach to 3D-motion analysis has been achieved specifically by the study of the awkward working postures of the upper extremity during hair-blow-waving and hair-straightening activities. The relationship between working postures and WMSDs in various body regions is discussed. In this regard, poor posture and movement can lead to local mechanical stress on the muscles, ligaments and joints, resulting in discomfort in the musculoskeletal system, particularly the neck, back, shoulder and wrist. This research has provided a WMSDs prevention framework as a strategic method of securing a continuous improvement in the awkward working postures adopted during various hairdressing activities. Topics for further studies are suggested.

The purpose of the study is to investigate in the possibilities to lower the maintenance cost for material transporters without having an effect on the quality on the environment where there is a variation in quantities and versions of products. To best fulfill the requirement of the purpose of the study, following questions have been defined. 1. Which factors has the greatest effect on the cost of maintenance for the material transporters? 2. Which factor or factors have the biggest impact and how could they be tackled? 3. How can it be solved without binding to much capital? The work with the study has been done with case study at Volvo GTO Powertrain, combined with literature studies. The work with the case study has been with the method DMAIC to achieve the most satisfactory result. The field of literature is within the field of logistics with focus on flows, transports and maintenance. The study has showed the problems causing the high maintenance cost. The costs for a truck set came to an amount of 405313 SEK for the years 2013-2015. To solve the problem with the high maintenance costs, changes in packaging where made to diminish the burden of one of the trucks in the trucks set that have high maintenance costs. Several solutions were also made to improve the situation for the trucks, but there were ergonomical factors involved. Suggestions on which articles and their package solution that are affected by the solution and the effects of these changes on current production have been presented. In regards of the case study sole study object, it is desirable if a similar case studies could be made at another company. The reason lies in the unique assembly line that is elevated and therefore requires custom made trucks. Despite the uniqueness of the assembly line, the framework for continues improvements has been marked out and we strongly recommend further work and researches. / Studiens syfte är att undersöka om det finns möjligheter att sänka underhållskostnader utan att sänka underhållet för materialtransportörer i en miljö där det finns variationer i volymer och produkter. För att bäst kunna uppfylla syftet har följande frågor ställts. 1. Vilka faktorer påverkar materialtransportörers höga underhållskostnader? 2. Vilken eller vilka faktorer har störst inverkan och hur kan de förändras? 3. Hur kan detta lösas utan att binda upp ett stort kapital? Arbetet med studien har genomförts med hjälp av en fallstudie på Volvo GTO Powertrain, kombinerat med studier i litteraturen. Fallstudien har arbetat efter DMAIC metoden för att nå mest tillfredställande resultat. Litteraturen är inom fältet logistik med fokus på flöden, transporter och underhåll. Studien ledde till identifikationen av de problem som ledde till de höga underhållskostnaderna, som uppgick till 405313 kr för ett separat truckset för åren 2013-2015. För att lösa problemet med de höga underhållskostnaderna gjordes ändringar i antalet artiklar per emballage för att kunna avlasta en av truckarna i det truckset som har en hög underhållskostnad. Det upptäcktes fler sätt att förbättra situationen för truckarna men det fanns ergonomiska faktorer att ta i beaktande. Förslag om vilka artiklar och dess emballageringslösning som påverkas har presenterats och vilka effekter det får för nuvarande produktion. Med anledning av att studien enbart gjorts på ett företag, är det fördelaktigt om en liknande studie kunde genomföras på ett annat företag. Anledningen ligger i fallstudiens unika monteringslina som är upphöjd och därmed kräver specialanpassade truckar. Trots detta är grunden till ett framtida arbete för fallföretaget utstakat och vi rekommenderar starkt att arbetet fortskrider.

No description available.

<p>Uppsatsen beskriver företagskulturen i företaget Helmia Bil. Helmia Bil har verksamheter på flera orter i Värmland och avståndet mellan ledning och anställda är utspritt. Sjukskrivningstalen är relativt låga inom hela organisationen men speciellt låga i Sunne och Torsby. Med anledning av det uppkom mitt intreese för att studera företagskultuern inom företaget. Helmia bil ingår i en större undersökning om "långtidsfriska" företag som Karolinska institutet gör. De menar att vi ska lära av dessa företag som har låga sjukskrivningstal.</p><p>Syftet med studien var att undersöka om företagskulturen skiljer sig åt mellan orterna Sunne/Torsby och Karlstad. Jag hade en förförståelse att företagskulturen är starkare i Sunne/Torsby där företaget en gång startade. Företaget köpte Volvohandeln i Karlstad för tio år sedan (1997). Min hypotes var att företagskulturen är starkare och mera levande i Sunne/Torsby.</p><p>För att uppnå syftet med undersökningen har kvalitativa intervjuer gjorts. Anställda i Sunne, Torsby och Karlstad har intervjuats. Jag ville se vilka drivkrafter som finns, hur anställda upplever sin arbetsmiljö, hur kommunikationen fungerar, hur man upplever företagets ställda mål och affärsidé. Jag ville också se hur väl anställda i företaget kände till grundare och företagets värdegrund. Materialet har sedan analyserats och transkiberats med utgång från Strauss och Corbin.</p><p>Resultatet visade att företagskulturen är starkare och mer levande i Sunne/Torsby. Olika faktorer påverkar företagskulturen. Några av dessa är: det geografiska avståndet mellan orterna, hur internkommunikationen fungerar, ledarskapet, kunskap om grundare och företagets värdegrund.</p><p>Som bakgrund till undersökningen ligger teorier om Rutiner och Ritualer, Organisation och styrning, Makt och ledarskap och Medarbetarskap och samarbete.</p>

This Doctoral Thesis addresses the topic of measurement of excellence and cost in a supply chain. In this thesis, a framework for monitoring and analysis of cost in the supply chain is developed. A model for analyzing excellence in a supply chain is also developed. The work aims to facilitate improvements and to improve decisionmaking regarding Supply Chain Management (SCM) and excellence and cost improvements in supply chains. The thesis contains an introduction, a literature review and five papers. The first paper considers performance measurements in supply chains within companies having business in Sweden. An empirical study was initiated in order to investigate what performance measurements they use to measure the performance in the supply chain. Main focus has been on excellence and cost. Interviews with supply chain professionals within the selected 30 companies have been conducted in Sweden. In the second paper a framework is suggested for measuring cost in the supply chain. The framework defines Supply Chain Cost (SCC). Total SCC is the sum of Manufacturing cost, Administration cost, Warehouse cost, Distribution cost, Capital cost and Installation cost. The third paper considers. An Average Logistic Index, ALi , was suggested as a method for measuring excellence in the supply chain. This index combines the cost concept and the customer service concept. In paper IV are the SCC framework from paper II and the excellence model in paper III used in a framework for evaluating changes in a supply chain. Two scenario analysis are based on a five step approach measuring SCC and customer service measures, delivery precision and lead-time, before and after a performed or planned change. Paper V considers how offshoring and outsourcing activities are affecting excellence and SCC in the supply chain. Ten managers from different companies were interviewed. Pitfalls when handling decisions about offshoring and outsourcing and criterias for successful offshoring and outsourcing were identified. The papers in this thesis can be used in different ways and in that way help companies in taking the right decisions about improvements in the supply chain. People within the industry who are active in the supply area would then get models and frameworks for measuring excellence and SCC in the supply chain. Implementation of the models and frameworks are recommended to be implemented in Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in order to simplify and secure the measurement of excellence and SCC in the supply chain. / <p>Godkänd; 2015; 20150615 (andbra); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Annelie Pettersson Ämne: Industriell logistik /Industrial Logistics Avhandling: Measurement of Excellence and Cost in a Supply Chain Opponent: Docent Björn Lantz, Avd för Operations Management, Institutionen för teknikens ekonomi och organisation, Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg Ordförande: Professor Anders Segerstedt, Avd för industriell ekonomi, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Luleå tekniska universitet, Luleå Tid: Måndag 5 oktober 2015 kl 10.00 Plats: A109, Luleå tekniska universitet; 2017-05-10 Nedladdad 339 gånger t.o.m. september 2016. För nedladdningsstatisik efter september 2016, se ovan. (marisr)</p>

While design and management of production systems based on digital models brings benefits, the communication of models comes with challenges since models typically reside in a distributed heterogeneous IT environment using different syntax and semantics. Coping with heterogeneity requires an appropriate integration strategy and methodology. One main paradigm to integrate information and consequently IT-systems is to deploy standardized information models. In particular, ISO 10303 STEP has been endorsed as a suitable standard to exchange a wide variety of product manufacturing data. The representation and integration of product, process and production resources information using different STEP application protocols are well covered and extensively investigated by many researchers. However, the information representation and integration of logical relations of material flow such as product routing, and its integration with factory layout information has been less subject of research focuses. Hence, this thesis first contributes to identifying, describing and clarifying information requirements for an integrated representation of material flow logic and plant layout using the STEP standard. One the other hand, service-oriented IT-tool integration solutions are increasingly deployed for the data and tool interoperability, especially with the evolution of Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC) whose focus is on the linking of data from heterogeneous software tools. OSLC focuses on the integration of the most common concepts across domains. Assuming a loosely coupled distributed architecture of IT-tools and services, OSLC adopts the Linked Data (LD) approach to ensure data consistency across the data sources. Thus the thesis studies the use of OSLC for tool integration and has found that it cannot be practiced independently for all types of integration in the production engineering domain. Therefore, in practice, there should be a combination of the standardized information and linked data approaches to facilitate the integration process. Thus, this thesis investigates the integration applicability of linked data and OSLC, the principles behind them, and criteria to identify where to use which approach. In addition, the thesis explores the synergy between the standardized information and linked data approaches and consequently suggests an approach based on a combination of these. Further, different computer applications in industrial cases were implemented to verify the suggested approaches. Finally the thesis is concluded with a discussion and suggestions for future work. / <p>QC 20170503</p>

Discrete Event Simulation (DES) has been a powerful tool for modeling and optimization of production lines for many years. Developing detailed models may be very time consuming and might also be computationally costly to execute, especially if optimization techniques are to be applied. Aggregation techniques, simplifying a detailed system into fewer objects, can be an effective method to reduce the required computational resources as well as a way to shorten the development time. An aggregated model can be used to identify the main constraints in a system, dimensioning inter-line buffers, and focus development activities on the critical issues from a system performance perspective. An aggregated model of a real-world plant wide production system has already been developed in the discrete event simulation software FACTS Analyzer. Due to the limitations of FACTS Analyzer this model was instead rebuilt using the discrete event simulation software Plant Simulation which, while less user friendly, has much more configuration options. This model is then validated against the FACTS Analyzer model to ensure accurate results that can be implemented on a real life system. In addition some typical optimization experiments are carried out on the Plant Simulation model and the results analyzed. The first of these optimizations alters the buffer sizes to find the minimum amount of buffer capacity needed to get the minimum lead time while maintaining the highest possible throughput. The second optimization uses the same parameters but also adds alteration of the batch size. Both of these optimizations shows that it is possible to get better results with lower settings on both the buffer capacity and batch size then the default value. At the end of the report the project is evaluated and conclusions are drawn on what can be improved in the model, such as adding more streamlined updating of variant sequence.  Additionally future experiments that can be interesting to look at is specified based upon the results from the project.