Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-28T12:19:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Mara Alexandre da Silva.pdf: 458810 bytes, checksum: 70a72dfd6d35926572affcb5392ec6f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T12:19:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Mara Alexandre da Silva.pdf: 458810 bytes, checksum: 70a72dfd6d35926572affcb5392ec6f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Organic production is an alternative for family farmers where practices to reduce costs and to preserve natural resources can add value to the product and improve quality of life. The weeds can cause losses in crops, by reduction of income, increase in pests and diseases, non uniformity in maturity and difficulties for harvesting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of common bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris) at different sowing densities regarding the incidence of weeds in organic production system. Two field experiments were conducted in the Agroecological Production Integrated System of 47 km in Serop?dica-RJ, in the years 2013 and 2014, in a randomized block design with four replications. In 2013 a 4x3 factorial was used, combining four cultivars (Ouro Negro, Manteig?o, Radiante and Apor?) and three densities (8, 13 and 18 plants m-1 linear). In 2014 a 2x3 factorial was used, between two cultivars (Manteig?o and Ouro Negro) and three treatments (13 plants m-1 with manual cleaning of weeds, 13 and 18 plants m-1 without cleaning). To obtain the desired plant population, 50% more seeds were sown in each treatment and plants were thinned 15 days after. Sampling was carried out at the flowering stage to assess biomass and nodulation of bean and biomass of weeds, and at physiological maturity to evaluate grain yield. In 2013, the largest shoot and root dry mass and number of nodules per plant occurred in the density of 8 plant m-1. Increased planting density reduced the number of pods per plant, with no effect of density on grain yield. The lower biomass of weeds was observed at densities of 13 and 18 plant m-1, and also for cutivars Manteig?o and Ouro Negro. In 2014, treatment with 13 plants m-1 with cleaning showed greater dry mass of shoots and roots per plant. At flowering, treatment with 13 plants m-1 showed higher dry matter and number of weeds. The cultivar Ouro Negro showed higher grain yield at density of 13 plants m-1 with cleaning, followed by 18 plants m-1, with no differences between treatments for cultivar Manteig?o. The treatment with 18 plants m-1 showed lower mass of weeds at bean flowering, similar to the treatment with 13 plants m-1 with cleaning. Plots with cultivar Manteig?o had the highest dry matter of weeds in the three density treatments. Grain yield did not differ significantly among cultivars, ranging in 2013 from 1310 kg ha-1 for Apor? and 1409 kg ha-1 for Manteig?o, and in 2014 of 1298 and 1419 kg ha-1 for Manteig?o and Ouro Negro. It is concluded that increasing plant density reduced the incidence of weeds and did not affect grain yield. It was also carried out a field trial in 2013 in family agricultural establishment in the city of Teresopolis-RJ, in order to encourage the cultivation of special beans and to experience economic and social strategies of reproduction. The experiment had a 4x2 factorial with four replications, using four cultivars (Apor?, Manteig?o, Radiante and Valente) and two treatments (with and without commercial inoculant with rhizobia). Grain yield of the four cultivars did not differ between the treatments in the absence and presence of seed inoculation with rhizobia / A produ??o org?nica constitui uma alternativa para a agricultura familiar, onde pr?ticas para diminuir os custos de produ??o e preserva??o dos recursos naturais agregariam valor ao produto e qualidade de vida. As plantas espont?neas podem causar perdas em cultivos, pela redu??o do rendimento, aumento de pragas e doen?as, desuniformidade na matura??o e dificuldades na colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de cultivares de feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) em diferentes densidades de semeadura, com rela??o ? incid?ncia de plantas espont?neas em sistema org?nico de produ??o. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos de campo no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica do km 47, em Serop?dica-RJ, nos anos de 2013 e 2014, em blocos ao acaso com quatro repeti??es. Em 2013 foi utilizado esquema fatorial 4x3, combinando quatro cultivares (Ouro Negro, Manteig?o, Radiante e Apor?) e tr?s densidades (8, 13 e 18 plantas m-1 linear) e em 2014 utilizou-se esquema fatorial 2x3, entre duas cultivares (Manteig?o e Ouro Negro) e tr?s tratamentos (densidade de 13 plantas m-1 com limpeza manual de plantas espont?neas, densidades de 13 e 18 plantas m-1 sem limpeza). Para obten??o da popula??o desejada, foram semeadas 50% mais sementes em cada tratamento, e 15 dias ap?s realizou-se desbaste. Foram efetuadas amostragens no est?dio de flora??o para avalia??o de biomassa e nodula??o do feijoeiro e da biomassa de plantas espont?neas, e na matura??o fisiol?gica para avalia??o do rendimento. Em 2013, a maior massa seca de parte a?rea e raiz e n?mero de n?dulos por planta ocorreu na densidade de 8 plantas m-1. O aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu o n?mero de vagens por planta, sem efeito da densidade na produtividade de gr?os. A menor massa de plantas espont?neas foi observada nas densidades de 13 e 18 plantas m-1, e com as cultivares Manteig?o e Ouro Negro. Em 2014, o tratamento com 13 plantas m-1 com limpeza apresentou maior massa seca de parte a?rea e raiz por planta. Na flora??o, o tratamento com 13 plantas m-1 sem limpeza apresentou maior massa seca e n?mero de espont?neas. A cultivar Ouro Negro apresentou maior produ??o de gr?os no tratamento de 13 plantas m-1 com limpeza, seguida por 18 plantas m-1, sem diferen?as entre tratamentos na cultivar Manteig?o. O tratamento com 18 plantas m-1 apresentou menor massa de espont?neas na flora??o do feijoeiro, similar a 13 plantas m- 1 com limpeza. A cultivar Manteig?o apresentou maior massa de espont?neas nos tr?s tratamentos. A produ??o de gr?os n?o diferiu significativamente entre as cultivares, variando em 2013 entre 1310 kg ha-1 para Apor? e 1409 kg ha-1 para Manteig?o, e em 2014 com 1298 e 1419 kg ha-1 para Manteig?o e Ouro Negro. Conclui-se que o aumento da densidade de plantio reduziu a incid?ncia de plantas espont?neas e n?o afetou a produtividade de gr?os do feijoeiro. Foi tamb?m conduzido um experimento de campo em 2013 em estabelecimento agr?cola familiar no munic?pio de Teres?polis-RJ, com o objetivo de incentivar o cultivo de feij?es especiais e vivenciar estrat?gias de reprodu??o econ?mica e social. O experimento tinha esquema fatorial 4x2 com quatro repeti??es, entre quatro cultivares (Apor?, Manteig?o, Radiante e Valente) e dois tratamentos (com e sem uso de inoculante comercial de riz?bio). A produ??o de gr?os das quatro cultivares n?o diferiu entre os tratamentos na aus?ncia e na presen?a de inocula??o de sementes com riz?bio.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-11T20:09:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Liliane de Souza Ferreira.pdf: 1966686 bytes, checksum: eebcf58399ae9c79283075f9e54588e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-11T20:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Liliane de Souza Ferreira.pdf: 1966686 bytes, checksum: eebcf58399ae9c79283075f9e54588e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-09 / The management of weeds is complex and comprises a major component of the production cost of most cultures. Growing cover crops is one of the forms of management to reduce weeds competing. Agrobiodiversity, including the biota and the surrounding properties, constituting a cultural and natural capital able to provide ecosystem services. In this context, we developed a study to investigate the potential of wild species Crotalaria incana (rattlesnake rattle or Xique-Xique) and Diodia saponariifolia (Poaia the swamp), which occur in a nearby landscape the Atlantic Forest fragments in the River Basin region Guapi-Macacu-RJ, as part of sustainable agro-ecosystems, constituting strategy to reduce the use of herbicides and enhancing local biodiversity. This potential was assessed in C. incana through phenological studies of plant height, crown diameter, number of branches, presence of inflorescence and number of pods along the cycle and at different times, October, January, February and March. Also evaluated in its interaction with the climate and planting dates. It was found that the planting October C. incana had the longest growing season, low seed production. In the planting in February, the performance of C. incana was good in both parameters; while planting in March, C. incana demonstrated lower performance for mass production and seeds. Preliminary assessments of total biomass and macronutrients, indicate the potential of C. incana as a cover crop that needs to be better investigated. As for D. saponariifolia, a creeping species characterized as macrophyte, evaluations were made of soil coverage percentage after its introduction, compared to the most frequently dominant families in the system, Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Subsequently evaluated the seed bank behavior in this same area after being introduced (experimental area), compared to natural area, which was already established spontaneously. We observed a cooling populations of Poaceae and Cyperaceae after the introduction D. saponariifolia. The spontaneous seed bank revealed a reduction in the expression of these families, important competitors in the system. Possible allelopathic effect of D. saponariifolia in suppressing spontaneous, was evaluated by bioassay with the soil of the natural area where D. saponariifolia prevails spontaneously. In this ground sesame seeds were germinated Sesame indicu L. () in 15-cell trays 3 treatments (T1, T2, T3). T1, activated carbon was added to neutralize allelopathic effects harmful to the development of seedlings. T2, do not add anything. In T3 (control) used a soil adjacent area without the presence of individuals D. saponariifolia. There was no significant difference in the development of seedlings in 3 treatments, indicating no evidence of allelopathic effects of D. saponariifolia on Sesame germination. We can infer that the suppression of processes D. saponariifolia are only for "muffling". / O manejo de plantas espont?neas ? complexo e comp?e um dos principais componentes do custo de produ??o da maioria das culturas. O cultivo de plantas de cobertura ? uma das formas de manejo para redu??o das plantas espont?neas competidoras. Neste contexto desenvolveu-se um estudo com objetivo de investigar o potencial das esp?cies espont?neas Crotalaria incana (Xique-Xique) e Diodia Saponariifolia (Poaia do brejo), que ocorrem em uma paisagem pr?xima a fragmentos de Mata Atl?ntica, na regi?o da Bacia do Rio Guapi-Macacu-RJ, como parte integrante de agroecossistemas sustent?veis, constituindo estrat?gia para redu??o do uso de herbicidas e incremento da biodiversidade local. Este potencial foi avaliado em C. incana, atrav?s de estudos fenol?gicos de altura da planta, di?metro de copa, n?mero de ramos, presen?a de infloresc?ncia e n?mero de vagens ao longo do ciclo e em diferentes ?pocas Outubro, Janeiro, Fevereiro e Mar?o). Avaliou-se tamb?m sua intera??o com o clima e ?pocas de plantio. Constatou-se que no plantio de Outubro, C. incana teve o ciclo vegetativo mais longo, com pouca produ??o de sementes. J? no plantio em Fevereiro, o desempenho de C. incana foi bom em ambos par?metros; enquanto no plantio de Mar?o, C. incana demonstrou menor desempenho tanto para produ??o de massa como de sementes. Avalia??es preliminares de macronutrientes totais e biomassa indicam bom potencial de C. incana a ser melhor investigado. Quanto ? D. Saponariifolia, uma esp?cie rasteira caracterizada como macr?fita, foram feitas avalia??es de porcentagem de cobertura do solo ap?s sua introdu??o, comparando com as fam?lias mais frequentemente dominantes no sistema, Poaceae e Cyperaceae. Posteriormente avaliou-se o comportamento do banco de sementes nesta mesma ?rea ap?s ser introduzida (?rea experimental), comparando com ?rea natural onde j? estava estabelecida espont?neamente. Observou-se um arrefecimento das popula??es de Poaceae e Cyperaceae ap?s a introdu??o D. saponariifolia. O banco de sementes de espont?neas revelou uma redu??o na express?o destas fam?lias e de Asteraceae, importantes competidoras no sistema. Poss?vel efeito alelop?tico de D. saponariifolia na supress?o de espont?neas, foi avaliado atrav?s de biosensaio com o solo da ?rea natural, onde D. saponariifolia predomina espontaneamente. Neste solo foram germinadas sementes de Sesamo indicu L. (Gergelim) em bandejas de 15 c?lulas, com 3 tratamentos (T1,T2,T3). Em T1, adicionou-se carv?o ativado, que neutralizaria efeitos alelop?ticos prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento das pl?ntulas. Em T2, n?o se adicionou nada. Em T3 (controle) utilizou-se um solo da ?rea adjacente, sem presen?a de indiv?duos de D. saponariifolia. N?o houve diferen?a significativa no desenvolvimento das pl?ntulas nos 3 tratamentos, indicando n?o haver evid?ncias de efeitos alelop?ticos de D. saponariifolia na germina??o de Gergelim. Podemos inferir que os processos de supress?o de D. saponariifolia sejam apenas por ?abafamento?.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-14T19:55:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jucielle Rocha Ferreira.pdf: 1303291 bytes, checksum: b1975fe6fff5a1d5a4d85aa07760fab8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T19:55:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Jucielle Rocha Ferreira.pdf: 1303291 bytes, checksum: b1975fe6fff5a1d5a4d85aa07760fab8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / CNPq / FAPERJ / In organic farming, green manuring and mulching are recommended to maintain or recuperate soil fertility and promote nutrients cycling, besides manage weeds population. Weeds can cause damages to economic crops by competition for water, light and nutrients in cultivated areas. This work aimed to evaluate maize yield and weeds population after green manures cultivation. The experiment was conducted in an Ultisol, placed at Integrated System of Agroecological Production, in Serop?dica, RJ, from October 2014 to June 2015. The experimental design was of randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments involved previous cultivation with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima), sunflower (Helianthus annuus), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and fallow. The green manures were sowed in October, being cultivated during 113 days after sowing. After that, they were cut. Five days after the cut and deposition of the green manures residues in the soil surface, it was sowed maize var. Caatingueiro, adopting spacing of 1,0 m between lines and density of five seeds per linear meter, with a population of 50.000 plants per hectare. Weeds population was evaluated at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after maize sowing, collecting samples of weeds for identification and quantification of species, and dry biomass production. The obtained data were used for determining of phytosocial indexes. Dry biomass of green manures was greater for the treatments sunnhemp and sorghum. On the other hand, dry biomass of weeds was greater in the treatment velvet bean. Yield of maize without straw; yield of shoot biomass; diameter, length and N contents in grains and shoot did not show significant differences between treatments. Weeds population compositions is influenced by the soil cover crops. The use of sorghum was efficient regarding to biomass production and weeds control. Sunnhemp and sorghum produced biomass values above the recommended amounts for no-tillage system. / Em sistemas org?nicos de produ??o, a aduba??o verde e o uso de cobertura morta s?o recomendados, de forma a manter ou recuperar a fertilidade dos solos e promover a ciclagem de nutrientes, al?m de manejar a popula??o de plantas espont?neas. Esp?cies espont?neas podem causar preju?zos ?s culturas de interesse econ?mico, o que pode ser explicado pela competi??o por ?gua, luz e nutrientes nas ?reas cultivadas. Objetivou-se nesse trabalho avaliar o desempenho agron?mico de milho verde e a din?mica populacional de plantas espont?neas ap?s cultivo de adubos verdes. O experimento foi realizado em um Planossolo, localizado no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica, no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ, no per?odo de outubro de 2014 a junho de 2015. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. Os tratamentos constaram de cultivo pr?vio de crotal?ria (Crotalaria juncea), feij?o de porco (Canavalia ensiformis), mucuna preta (Mucuna aterrima), girassol (Helianthus annuus), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) e pousio com vegeta??o espont?nea. A semeadura dos adubos verdes foi realizada no m?s de outubro e seu cultivo se deu at? os 113 dias ap?s a semeadura, realizando-se ent?o sua ro?ada. Cinco dias ap?s a ro?ada e deposi??o dos res?duos culturais ao solo, foi realizada semeadura direta do milho variedade Caatingueiro, com espa?amento de 1,0 m entre linhas e densidade de cinco sementes por m-1 linear, totalizando 50.000 plantas por hectare. A popula??o das plantas espont?neas foi avaliada aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias ap?s o plantio do milho, atrav?s da coleta de amostras da popula??o espont?nea para identifica??o e quantifica??o das esp?cies e da produ??o da biomassa seca. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados na determina??o de ?ndices fitossociol?gicos. A biomassa seca dos adubos verdes foi maior para os tratamentos crotal?ria e sorgo. Por sua vez, a biomassa seca das plantas espont?neas foi maior na presen?a da cobertura do solo com mucuna preta. Quanto ? produtividade de espigas despalhadas, produtividade de biomassa a?rea do milho, di?metro, comprimento e teores de N no gr?o e na parte a?rea, n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos. A popula??o de plantas espont?neas foi influenciada em sua composi??o, em fun??o dos adubos verdes cultivados. A cobertura com sorgo mostrou-se eficiente quanto ? produ??o de biomassa vegetal e controle de plantas espont?neas. A crotal?ria e o sorgo atingiram quantidade de biomassa acima da recomendada para adequada implanta??o do sistema plantio direto.

Submitted by PPG Biologia Celular e Molecular (bcm@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-05T13:21:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_LOPES_ABBADI_TES.pdf: 4934736 bytes, checksum: 58e4c3c86d9fb96bb1476ae3c18bfdf0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-06T16:15:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_LOPES_ABBADI_TES.pdf: 4934736 bytes, checksum: 58e4c3c86d9fb96bb1476ae3c18bfdf0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T16:21:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO_LOPES_ABBADI_TES.pdf: 4934736 bytes, checksum: 58e4c3c86d9fb96bb1476ae3c18bfdf0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Epidemiologic data regarding tuberculosis (TB) show that there is still a high burden of this disease worldwide. In addition, the emergence of drug-resistant strains imposes a new threat in preventing TB spread. Therefore, it is pivotal to continuously find new candidates for drug development. In the Chapter 2 of this thesis, the compound IQG-607 is presented, which is a metal complex that has been reported as a promising anti-TB molecule against isoniazid (INH)-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Previous studies suggested that the compound inhibits both the wild-type NADH-dependent trans-2-enoyl-[ACP] reductase (InhA) enzyme and some of its structural mutants in the absence of NAD+ or NADH and without requiring KatG enzyme. IQG-607 has also shown a favorable toxicological profile in vivo, with a considerable lesser toxicity compared to INH. However, there is still a gap regarding the activity of IQG-607 against strains carrying mutations in the katG gene, which are the most common genetic alterations in clinical isolates resistant to INH. Therefore, this study focused in elucidating the mechanism of resistance (MOR) of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of TB, to compound IQG-607. First the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of IQG-607 was established against eight multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates, which were resistant to our compound. Then spontaneous mutants were selected using high concentrations of compound in 7H10 agar medium, and their whole genomes were sequenced; the results revealed alterations in the katG gene. A laboratory strain carrying the mutant katG(S315T) gene was developed to assess the effect of this single mutation in the compound activity both by MIC determination and by a macrophage infection model. Results showed that this mutation was indeed sufficient to confer resistance to IQG-607. Finally, the resistance observed for a strain expressing a mutant InhA(S94A) protein suggested that IQG-607 has this enzyme as its molecular target. In the Chapter 3, two new compounds, called Labio-16 and Labio-17, are presented, which were previously selected to interact and inhibit the InhA enzyme and that had already shown to be active against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. A set of experiments were conducted to elucidate their mechanism of action (MOA) and to understand the MOR of the M. tuberculosis against them, similar to those carried for studying IQG-607. So far, results suggested that the InhA is not the molecular target of these compounds. Other experiments are undergoing in our laboratory to evaluate in a murine model of TB infection their potential as anti-TB drug candidates. / Os dados epidemiol?gicos relacionados ? tuberculose (TB) indicam que ainda existe uma carga elevada desta doen?a no mundo todo. Al?m disso, o surgimento de cepas resistentes aos f?rmacos imp?e uma nova amea?a na preven??o da propaga??o da TB. Portanto, ? fundamental buscar continuamente novos candidatos para o desenvolvimento de medicamentos. No Cap?tulo 2 desta tese ? apresentado o composto IQG-607, que ? um complexo met?lico que tem sido reportado como uma mol?cula anti-TB promissora contra cepas de M. tuberculosis resistentes ? isoniazida (INH). Estudos pr?vios sugeriram que o composto inibe a enzima selvagem trans-2-enoil-[ACP] redutase dependente de NADH (InhA) e algumas das suas mutantes estruturais, na aus?ncia de NAD+ ou NADH e sem necessitar da enzima KatG. O IQG-607 tamb?m mostrou um perfil toxicol?gico favor?vel in vivo, com uma menor toxicidade em compara??o ? INH. No entanto, ainda existe uma lacuna em rela??o ? atividade do IQG-607 contra cepas que carregam muta??es no gene katG, as quais s?o as altera??es gen?ticas mais comuns em isolados cl?nicos resistentes ? INH. Sendo assim, este estudo focou em elucidar o mecanismo de resist?ncia (MOR) do Mycobacterium tuberculosis, o principal agente causador da TB, ao composto IQG-607. Primeiramente, a concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima (MIC) do IQG-607 foi estabelecida contra oito isolados cl?nicos multirresistentes a f?rmacos (MDR), os quais foram resistentes ao nosso composto. Ent?o, mutantes espont?neos foram selecionados, usando-se altas concentra??es do composto em meio ?gar 7H10, e seus genomas completos foram sequenciados; os resultados revelaram altera??es no gene katG. Uma cepa laboratorial, carregando o gene katG(S315T) mutante, foi desenvolvida para acessar o efeito desta ?nica muta??o na atividade do composto, atrav?s da determina??o de MIC e por meio de um modelo de infec??o de macr?fagos. Os resultados mostraram que essa muta??o de fato foi suficiente para conferir resist?ncia ao IQG-607. Finalmente, a resist?ncia observada para a cepa que expressa a prote?na InhA(S94A) mutante sugeriu que o IQG-607 tem esta enzima como seu alvo molecular. No Cap?tulo 3, dois novos compostos, denominados Labio-16 e Labio-17, s?o apresentados, os quais foram previamente selecionados para interagir e inibir a enzima InhA, e que j? tinham mostrado ser ativos contra a cepa H37Rv de M. tuberculosis. Um conjunto de experimentos foi conduzido para elucidar os seus mecanismos de a??o (MOA) e para compreender o MOR do M. tuberculosis contra eles, similar ?quele usado para estudar o IQG-607. At? o momento, os resultados sugerem que a InhA n?o ? o alvo molecular desses compostos. Outros experimentos est?o em andamento em nosso laborat?rio, para avaliar em um modelo murino da infec??o da TB os seus potenciais como candidatos a f?rmacos anti-TB.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Carlos Antonio Barreto dos Santos.pdf: 6633158 bytes, checksum: 82ad5fa6564f31d7aa7587f533bf91ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Four plant species, intercropped or not, were evaluates in the State of Rio de Janeiro for Green manuring and soil covering prior to corn or cabbage crops. Such crops were submitted to a no-tillage and organic farming system. The study relating to corn was carried out in Baixada Fluminense (Serop?dica) at 33 m above sea level, whereas the cabbage experiment was the located in the South-Central Region (Paty do Alferes) at 680m. In bony experiments a randomized block design was employed with 12 treatments and four replicates. The species lazed for soil covering were: Crotalaria juncea (C), sorghum Sorghum bicolor (S), sunflower Heliantus annus (G) and castor bean Ricinus communis (M). Treatments involving such soil covering species corresponded to their monocrops ad the following intercrops: C+G, C+S, C+M, C+G+S, C+S+M and C+G+S+M. The control treatment consisted of fallow plots whove spontaneous vegetations was cut down on the day subsequent corn and cabbage were planted. In Baixada Fluminense, the previous intercrops favored epigeous edafic fauna diversity compared to fallow, either during vegetative cycle or after cutting except for castor bean monocrop, all treatments led to reduced need reinfestation in comparison to fallow plots. Corn yield (immature ears) was higher after monocrops of the soil covering species and also after fallow. Crotalaria showed in outstanding potential as green manure considering that organic suplementar corn fertilizing were proceeded only in plots previously cultivated to such legume species. The greatest cumulative e amount of above-ground biomass resulted from crotalaria monocrop probably contributing to a superior corn yield. In the South-Central field experiment the highest values for biomass productin were again obtained from crotalaria monocrop, its intercrops with each of the other soil covering species (C+G, C+S and C+M), and the triple intercrop with sorghum plus castor bean (C+S+M). Decomposition rates for the cut down plant residues in situ differed between intercrops and monocrops. Cabbage yield was as cell favoured by previous crotalaria and its intercrops, with exception of the intercrop in which all four plant species participated. Results have demonstrated the adequacy of crotalaria for rotational system with commercial crops under organic management. The experiments otherwise indicated that combining the legume with other soil covering species may lead to additional advantages in terms of crop residues persistence on soil surface and ed?fica fauna stimulation. / Avaliaram-se, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, quatro esp?cies bot?nicas, consorciadas ou n?o, para aduba??o verde e cobertura do solo, antecedendo as culturas de milho verde e repolho. Estas culturas foram implantadas em sistema plantio direto e submetidas ao manejo org?nico. O estudo com o milho verde foi conduzido na Baixada Fluminense (Serop?dica) a 33 m de altitude enquanto o estudo com o repolho teve lugar na regi?o Centro Sul (Paty do Alferes) a 680m. Em ambos os experimentos, empregouse o delineamento de blocos casualizados, envolvendo 12 tratamentos com quatro repeti??es. As esp?cies de cobertura do solo utilizadas foram: Crotalaria juncea (C), girassol Heliantus annus (G), sorgo Sorghum bicolor (S) e mamoneira Ricinus communis (M). Os tratamentos relativos ?s esp?cies de cobertura corresponderam aos respectivos monocultivos e aos cons?rcios: C+G, C+S, C+M, C+G+S, C+G+M, C+S+M e C+G+S+M. O tratamento controle foi representado pelas parcelas que permaneceram em pousio, cuja vegeta??o espont?nea foi ro?ada por ocasi?o dos plantios subsequentes de milho ou repolho. Nas condi??es da baixada fluminense, os cons?rcios favoreceram a diversidade da fauna ed?fica ep?gea, quando comparados com o pousio, tanto ao longo do ciclo vegetativo das esp?cies de cobertura quanto ap?s o corte. Com exce??o do monocultivo de mamoneira, os demais tratamentos provocaram redu??o dos n?veis de reinfesta??o de ervas espont?neas, relativamente ao pousio. A produtividade do milho em espigas verdes foi superior quando em sucess?o aos monocultivos das esp?cies de cobertura e pousio. A crotal?ria revelou destacado potencial como adubo verde, tendo em vista que somente nas parcelas onde foi previamente cultivada o milho n?o recebeu fertiliza??o org?nica suplementar. A maior quantidade acumulada de biomassa a?rea seca tamb?m resultou do monocultivo de leguminosa, o que provavelmente contribuiu para o rendimento superior do milho. No ensaio conduzido na regi?o Centro Sul, os valores mais elevados de biomassa produzida foram tamb?m obtidos a partir da crotal?ria em monocultivo, de seu cultivo consorciado com cada uma das outras plantas de cobertura (C+G, C+S e C+M) ou do triplo cons?rcio com sorgo e mamoneira (C+S+M). As taxas de decomposi??o in situ dos res?duos vegetais ro?ados distinguiram os cons?rcios dos monocultivos. Em termos de produtividade, o repolho foi beneficiado pelo pr?-cultivo de crotal?ria e seus cons?rcios, com exce??o daquele do qual participaram todas as quatro plantas de cobertura. Os resultados demonstraram adequa??o da Crotalaria juncea para sistemas rotacionados com culturas, de interesse comercial sob manejo org?nico. Indicaram, todavia, que combina??es desta leguminosa com outras esp?cies nos pr?-cultivos podem acarretar vantagens adicionais, ligadas ? persist?ncia da palhada distribu?da na superf?cie do solo, a partir do corte da biomassa a?rea, e ? diversidade da fauna ed?fica ep?gea.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miriam Tachibana.pdf: 1018235 bytes, checksum: d260b46d844da4acfd0bb3d85ab02f84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-04 / This study aimed at investigating psychoanalytically the mutative potential of a different feature which was called therapeutic meetings , destinated to women who had recently suffered spontaneous abortion. This practice consisted in three or four individual encounters, which were realized a few days after those women had lost their babies, in which the verbal communication was completed by using the Drawing-and-Story Procedure of Trinca, according to the paradigm present in the Squiggle Game of Winnicott, a combination that allowed a mutual interaction. After realizing each one of the therapeutic encounters, psychoanalytical narratives were written, and were presented to the group of researchers, so that it was possible to apprehend the clinical occur by identifying the psychological fields, what would permit the viewing of the movements of integration. It was possible to observe, through constratransferencial feelings, that the two participants of this study could integrate, through the therapeutic encounters realized, aspects that were related to their functions as daughters and women, associated to their difficulties in walking towards the motherhood. It was possible to apprehend the clinical efficacy of this different feature, what indicates its implementation in hospital institutions of the areas of ginecology and obstetrics. / O presente estudo objetivou investigar psicanaliticamente o potencial mutativo de um enquadre diferenciado, denominado encontros terap?uticos, destinado ao atendimento da mulher que sofreu aborto espont?neo recente. Tal pr?tica consistiu na realiza??o de encontros individuais, em s?ries constitu?das por tr?s a quatro sess?es, poucos dias ap?s a ocorr?ncia da perda, durante as quais a comunica??o verbal podia ser complementada pela utiliza??o do Procedimento de Desenhos Est?rias de Trinca, paradigmaticamente inspirada no Jogo do Rabisco, configurando uma intera??o marcada pela mutualidade. Ap?s a realiza??o de cada encontro terap?utico, foram redigidas narrativas psicanal?ticas, que foram compartilhadas no espa?o de interlocu??o do grupo de pesquisa, visando apreender o acontecer cl?nico, pela via da identifica??o dos campos psicol?gico- vivenciais, no contexto dos quais se tornam vis?veis eventuais movimentos de supera??o de dissocia??es. P?de-se observar, a partir dos sentimentos contratransferenciais, que as duas pacientes puderam, a partir do encontro inter-humano que lhes foi proporcionado, integrar aspectos relacionados aos modos de serem filhas e mulheres, associados ?s suas dificuldades em caminhar rumo ? maternidade. Foi poss?vel, dessa maneira, vislumbrar a efic?cia cl?nica deste enquadre diferenciado, o que indica sua implementa??o em institui??es ambulatoriais e hospitalares da ?rea da gineologia e obstetr?cia.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BentoPCN.pdf: 1568863 bytes, checksum: bd484a66a36dd1be9ccc75015b40e5e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Currently, studies in the area of polymeric microcapsules and nanocapsules and controlled release are considerably advanced. This work aims the study and development of microcapsules and nanocapsules from Chitosan/MDI, using a new technique of interfacial polycondensation combined to spontaneous emulsification, for encapsulation of BZ-3. It was firstly elaborated an experimental design of 23 of the particle in white without the presence of BZ-3 and Miglyol, where the variables were the concentrations of MDI, chitosan and solvent. Starting from the data supplied by the experimental design was chosen the experiment with smaller particle diameter and only added like this BZ-3 and Miglyol. The suspension containing concentrations of 6.25 mg/mL, 12.5 mg/mL, 18.75 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL of BZ-3 were prepared, nevertheless, during the storage time, these formulations presented drug precipitates in the suspensions of 18.75 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL of BZ-3. This apparition of precipitate was attributed to the diffusion of BZ-3 for the aqueous phase without any encapsulation, suggesting so the use of the smaller concentrations of the BZ-3. The suspension containing 6.25mg/mL of BZ3 presented average size of 1.47μm, zeta potential of 61 mV, pH 5.64 and this sample showed an amount of BZ-3 and drug entrapment of 100 %. The suspension containing 12.5mg/mL of BZ-3 presented average size of 1.76μm, zeta potential of 47.4 mV, pH 5.71 and this sample showed an amount of BZ-3 and drug entrapment of 100 %. Then, showing such important characteristics, these two formulations were chosen for futher continuity to the study. These formulations were also characterized by the morphology, FTIR, stability for Turbiscan, DSC and a study of controlled release of the BZ-3 was elaborated in different receiving means / O presente trabalho visou o estudo e desenvolvimento de um sistema micro e nanoestruturado de quitosana reticulada por diisocianato, pela t?cnica de policondensa??o interfacial combinada com emulsifica??o espont?nea, para encapsula??o de benzofenona-3 (BZ-3), um filtro solar qu?mico. Foi elaborado primeiramente um planejamento experimental de 23 para desenvolvimento da formula??o de part?culas de quitosana e MDI (4,4 -difenil metano diisocianato), onde as vari?veis foram ?s concentra??es de MDI, de quitosana e do solvente. A partir dos dados fornecidos pelo planejamento experimental, optou-se pelas condi??es de processo e formula??o capazes de gerar o menor di?metro de part?cula. O estudo prosseguiu com a incorpora??o de BZ-3 e Miglyol (n?cleo das c?psulas formadas). Suspens?es de nanoc?psulas com concentra??es de 6,25 mg/mL, 12,5 mg/mL, 18,75 mg/mL e 25 mg/mL de BZ-3 foram preparadas, por?m durante o per?odo de armazenamento ocorreu o aparecimento de precipitados cristalinos, nas suspens?es de 18,75 mg/mL e 25 mg/mL de BZ-3. Este aparecimento de precipitados cristalinos foi atribu?do ? difus?o da BZ-3 para a fase aquosa n?o ocorrendo sua encapsula??o. A suspens?o contendo 6,25 mg/mL de BZ-3 apresentou di?metro m?dio de 1,47μm, potencial zeta de 61 mV, pH de 5,64 e teor de encapsula??o pr?ximos a 100 %. A suspens?o contendo 12,5mg/mL de BZ-3 apresentou di?metro m?dio de 1,76μm, potencial zeta de 47,4mV, pH 5,71 e teor de encapsula??o pr?ximos a 100 % e foi selecionada juntamente com a de 6,25 mg/mL para a continuidade do estudo. Estas formula??es foram caracterizadas tamb?m pela morfologia, turbidimetria, espectroscopia de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho, DSC e foi elaborado um estudo de libera??o controlada do f?rmaco em diferentes meios receptores. Em conclus?o, o conjunto dos resultados obtidos demonstra que estas formula??es s?o sistemas promissores para a aplica??o cut?nea de filtros solares

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:15:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioMF.pdf: 5580410 bytes, checksum: cf8e01854d7d827d05dd7a75902c3375 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Difusive processes are extremely common in Nature. Many complex systems, such as microbial colonies, colloidal aggregates, difusion of fluids, and migration of populations, involve a large number of similar units that form fractal structures. A new model of difusive agregation was proposed recently by Filoche and Sapoval [68]. Based on their work, we develop a model called Difusion with Aggregation and Spontaneous Reorganization . This model consists of a set of particles with excluded volume interactions, which perform random walks on a square lattice. Initially, the lattice is occupied with a density p = N/L2 of particles occupying distinct, randomly chosen positions. One of the particles is selected at random as the active particle. This particle executes a random walk until it visits a site occupied by another particle, j. When this happens, the active particle is rejected back to its previous position (neighboring particle j), and a new active particle is selected at random from the set of N particles. Following an initial transient, the system attains a stationary regime. In this work we study the stationary regime, focusing on scaling properties of the particle distribution, as characterized by the pair correlation function ?(r). The latter is calculated by averaging over a long sequence of configurations generated in the stationary regime, using systems of size 50, 75, 100, 150, . . . , 700. The pair correlation function exhibits distinct behaviors in three diferent density ranges, which we term subcritical, critical, and supercritical. We show that in the subcritical regime, the particle distribution is characterized by a fractal dimension. We also analyze the decay of temporal correlations / Na Natureza ? muito comum ocorrerem processos de difus?o. Muitos sistemas complexos, tais como: col?nias microbianas, agregados coloidais, difus?o de fluidos e migra??es populacionais, s?o compostos de um n?mero muito grande de unidades similares que formam estruturas fractais. Recentemente, um novo estudo destes sistemas foi introduzido por Filoche e Sapoval [68]. Baseado neste trabalho, n?s desenvolvemos um modelo chamado "Difus?o com Agrega??o e Reorganiza??o Espont?nea". Este modelo consiste em um conjunto de part?culas que interagem por meio da exclus?o de volume quando realizam caminhadas aleat?rias em uma rede quadrada. Inicialmente, a rede ? preenchida com uma densidade p = N/L2 de part?culas distribu?das em posi??es distintas escolhidas aleatoriamente. Uma das part?culas ? escolhida ao acaso para se tornar uma part?cula ativa. Esta part?cula executa caminhadas aleat?rias at? visitar um s?tio ocupado por uma part?cula j. Quando a part?cula ativa salta sobre o s?tio ocupado pela part?cula j ? re etida e retorna para a posi??o anterior, e uma nova part?cula ativa ? escolhida aleatoriamente no conjunto de N part?culas contidas na rede. Ap?s um transiente, o sistema alcan?a um regime estacion?rio. Neste trabalho, n?s estudamos este regime estacion?rio, atentando para as propriedades de escala da distribui??o de part?culas que ? caracterizada por uma fun??o de correla??o de pares ?(r). Em seguida, calculamos a m?dia sobre uma sequ?ncia de configura??es geradas nesse regime, usando sistemas de tamanhos L igual a 50, 75, 100, 150, . . . , 700. A fun??o de correla??o de pares exibe comportamentos distintos em tr?s regimes diferentes de densidades, que n?s definimos como regime subcr?tico, cr?tico e supercr?tico. N?s mostramos que no regime subcr?tico, a distribui??o de part?culas ? caracterizada por uma dimens?o fractal. N?s tamb?m analisamos o decaimento das correla??es temporais