A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como os determinantes socioeconômicos contextuais influenciaram na produção e no fortalecimento de tendências criminogênicas, entre os municípios da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, mediante a utilização de análises multivariadas entre anos de 1991 e 2000. Buscamos construir um modelo empírico causal para avaliar as questões indicadas e também captar em que medida as transformações qualitativas que a criminalidade vem sofrendo - em decorrência de mudanças macro-estruturais de caráter mais amplo - têm penetrado nos municípios da RMPA. Para tanto, nos servimos de técnicas estatísticas de análise de regressões múltiplas para captar nexos causais entre as variáveis independentes e dependentes em modelos longitudinais. Também utilizamos alguns modelos transversais para os referidos anos, com o objetivo de perceber as covariações entre as variáveis selecionadas. Os resultados obtidos nas regressões foram interpretados a partir de uma série de perspectivas teóricas que tratam do fenômeno da criminalidade. Para avaliar os dados obtidos utilizamos, principalmente, a perspectiva da transição etiológica da criminalidade. A análise tem como suas variáveis dependentes às taxas de apenados por delitos selecionados. Dentre os resultados que alcançamos podemos indicar a constatação da relação entre uma forma nova da desorganização social e o avanço de grupos criminosos. Contudo, os resultados obtidos devem servir principalmente para a ampliação de estudos de mesmo perfil teórico e metodológico. / The goal of this research is to examine the influence that contextual socioeconomic factors had in producing and strengthening criminogenic tendencies among municipalities in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area, by means of multi-varied analyses for the years between 1991 and 2000. We sought to build a causal empirical model to evaluate the issues listed and also to determine the extent to which the qualitative changes that crime has been undergoing - as a result of macro-structural changes of a broader nature - have penetrated the municipalities in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area. To this end, we employed statistical techniques of multiple regression analysis to determine causal links between independent and dependent variables in longitudinal models. We also used some transversal models for the years in question in order to perceive the covariations between the selected variables. The results obtained in the regressions were interpreted from a number of theoretical perspectives that address the phenomenon of crime. To evaluate the data we mainly used the perspective of the etiological transition of crime. The dependent variables of the analysis are the conviction rates for selected crimes. Among the results we came to, we can confirm the relationship between a new form of social disorganization and the advancement of criminal groups. However, the results obtained should serve mainly to increase further studies of the same theoretical and methodological profile.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar como os determinantes socioeconômicos contextuais influenciaram na produção e no fortalecimento de tendências criminogênicas, entre os municípios da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, mediante a utilização de análises multivariadas entre anos de 1991 e 2000. Buscamos construir um modelo empírico causal para avaliar as questões indicadas e também captar em que medida as transformações qualitativas que a criminalidade vem sofrendo - em decorrência de mudanças macro-estruturais de caráter mais amplo - têm penetrado nos municípios da RMPA. Para tanto, nos servimos de técnicas estatísticas de análise de regressões múltiplas para captar nexos causais entre as variáveis independentes e dependentes em modelos longitudinais. Também utilizamos alguns modelos transversais para os referidos anos, com o objetivo de perceber as covariações entre as variáveis selecionadas. Os resultados obtidos nas regressões foram interpretados a partir de uma série de perspectivas teóricas que tratam do fenômeno da criminalidade. Para avaliar os dados obtidos utilizamos, principalmente, a perspectiva da transição etiológica da criminalidade. A análise tem como suas variáveis dependentes às taxas de apenados por delitos selecionados. Dentre os resultados que alcançamos podemos indicar a constatação da relação entre uma forma nova da desorganização social e o avanço de grupos criminosos. Contudo, os resultados obtidos devem servir principalmente para a ampliação de estudos de mesmo perfil teórico e metodológico. / The goal of this research is to examine the influence that contextual socioeconomic factors had in producing and strengthening criminogenic tendencies among municipalities in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area, by means of multi-varied analyses for the years between 1991 and 2000. We sought to build a causal empirical model to evaluate the issues listed and also to determine the extent to which the qualitative changes that crime has been undergoing - as a result of macro-structural changes of a broader nature - have penetrated the municipalities in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area. To this end, we employed statistical techniques of multiple regression analysis to determine causal links between independent and dependent variables in longitudinal models. We also used some transversal models for the years in question in order to perceive the covariations between the selected variables. The results obtained in the regressions were interpreted from a number of theoretical perspectives that address the phenomenon of crime. To evaluate the data we mainly used the perspective of the etiological transition of crime. The dependent variables of the analysis are the conviction rates for selected crimes. Among the results we came to, we can confirm the relationship between a new form of social disorganization and the advancement of criminal groups. However, the results obtained should serve mainly to increase further studies of the same theoretical and methodological profile.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-21T17:23:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelodiasdecastro.pdf: 35449715 bytes, checksum: 86414e568f3ffb10fc5fe7e10b848a83 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T18:47:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelodiasdecastro.pdf: 35449715 bytes, checksum: 86414e568f3ffb10fc5fe7e10b848a83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T18:47:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelodiasdecastro.pdf: 35449715 bytes, checksum: 86414e568f3ffb10fc5fe7e10b848a83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-06 / Diarréia é a maior causa de morbidade em pacientes submetidos a quimioterapia em altas doses e a transplante autólogo de células tronco hematopoéticas. Existem muitas causas de diarréia em pacientes que são transplantados, incluindo o efeito dos agentes quimioterápicos e as infecções. Neste estudo, foram avaliados 47 pacientes que receberam transplante no HU-UFJF entre maio de 2011 e maio de 2013. Todos os pacientes que apresentaram diarréia tiveram suas amostras de fezes enviadas para análise e pesquisa de agentes etiológicos através de exames específicos para fungos, coccídios, Strongyloides, parasitas intestinais, Clostridium difficile, e bactérias patogênicas. Trinta e nove pacientes (83%) tiveram diarréia, sendo que, destes, 35% tiveram diarréia induzida por quimioterapia, sete (17,5%) apresentaram coccídios, três (7,5%) tiveram Cândida sp, um (2,5%) Clostridium difficile e um paciente (2,5%) apresentou Giardia lamblia. Outros 30% apresentaram diarréia por outras causas. Houve uma tendência a mais diarréia em pacientes com mais de 50 anos (p=0.09), naqueles que receberam condicionamento com lomustina, etoposide, citarabina e melfalam (p=0.083) e houve um maior número de dias de neutropenia nos pacientes com diarréia (p=0.06). Porém nenhum fator de risco foi encontrado. Os dados apontam para a importância da correta identificação dos agentes etiológicos e da alta probabilidade de variações destes agentes em populações distintas. / Diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity for the patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). There are multiple causes of diarrhea in patients undergoing transplantation incluing antineoplastic chemotherapy and infections. In this study, 47 patients underwent ASCT at the HU-UFJF between May 2011 and May 2013. All patients who presented with diarrhea consented to stool sample analysis for identification of the etiological agents through specific exams in search of fungi, coccidia, intestinal parasites, Strongyloides, C. difficile, and other pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-nine patients (83%) had diarrhea, among whom 35% had diarrhea induced by chemoterapy, seven (17.5%) presented with coccidia, three (7.5%) with Candida sp., one (2.5%) with C. difficile, and one (2.5%) with Giardia lamblia. Other 30% had diarrhea for other causes. There was a tendency toward a higher incidence of diarrhea in oldest 50 years (p=0.09) and those who received lomustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan conditioning (p=0.083) and a higher number of days of neutropenia in patients with diarrhea (p=0.06); however, no risk factors were identified. The results shows the importance of correctly identifying the etiological agent and highlights the possible varieties of agents in specific populations.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-12T15:20:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese_Elyda Gonçalves_PPGG_2016.pdf: 2873444 bytes, checksum: a341f8fc45a442c022975db79d659268 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T15:20:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Tese_Elyda Gonçalves_PPGG_2016.pdf: 2873444 bytes, checksum: a341f8fc45a442c022975db79d659268 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / CAPES / O câncer da mama é o tipo de câncer que mais acomete mulheres em todo o mundo. Diversos fatores estãoassociados ao desenvolvimento desta neoplasia, dentre elas as infecções virais. Entre os três vírus mais estudados como causa de carcinogênese mamária está oPapillomavirus humano (HPV). Assim, oobjetivo foi detectar e analisar o HPV emcarcinomasmamáriosde mulheres do Nordeste do Brasil. A detecção do DNA viral foi realizada PCR, as amostras positivasforam tipificadas por sequenciamento. A quantificação da carga viral e a determinação do status físico por qPCR, e a detecção as oncoproteínas de E6 e E7 de HPV por imunohistoquímica. O DNA de HPV foi detectado em 46,7% dos carcinomas de mama HPV-positivos. O HPV16foi omais prevalente, 92% dos casos. A carga viral do HPV apresentou uma média de 14,2 cópias em 104 células, noscarcinomas de mama. Além disso, em 57,2% dos carcinomas mamáriosHPV-positivas apresentaram o DNA viral integrado ao genoma do hospedeiro. Altas taxas de detecção das oncoproteínas E6(89,5%) e E7(90%) foram identificadas nos carcinomas de mama HPV-positivos. Já as proteínas supressoras de tumor, p53 e p16INK4A, apresentaram taxas menores 95,7% e 92,3% respectivamente. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o vírus esteja em atividade nas células tumorais e provavelmente desempenhem papel na carcinogênese mamária. / Breast cancer is the type of cancer that affects more women around the world. Several factors are associated with the development of cancer, among which viral infections. Of the three most-studied virus as a cause of mammary carcinogenesis is the Human papillomavirus (HPV). The objective was to detect and analyze HPV in breast carcinomas of women in northeastern Brazil. The detection of viral DNA was performed PCR positive samples were typed by sequencing. The quantification of viral load and to determine the physical status by qPCR, and detection of the oncoproteins E6 and HPV E7 by immunohistochemistry. HPV DNA was detected in 46.7% of HPV-positive breast carcinomas. HPV16 was the most prevalent, 92% of cases. The HPV viral load averaged 14.2 copies in 104 cells in breast carcinomas. Furthermore, 57.2% of HPV-positive breast carcinomas showed the integrated viral DNA into the host genome. High rates of detection of E6 (89.5%) and E7 (90%) were identified in HPV-positive breast tumors. Already the tumor suppressor protein p53 and p16INK4a, had lower rates 95.7% and 92.3% respectively. The results of this study suggests that the virus is active in tumor cells and probably play role in breast carcinogenesis.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los factores etiológicos asociados con la hipomineralización incisivo molar en escolares de un centro educativo estatal, Chiclayo, 2023. El estudio fue observacional, transversal y de nivel explicativo, la población de estudio fue de 313 niños de 7 a 9 años de edad y sus madres. Se incluyeron niños matriculados el 2023, de ambos sexos, con presencia de al menos una primera molar permanente, se excluyeron niños cuyas madres no aceptaron participar en el estudio mediante firma del consentimiento informado. Se realizó un examen clínico a los niños utilizando la codificación para HIM, así mismo, se aplicó un cuestionario presencial a las madres que cuenta con la validez y confiabilidad adecuados. Se obtuvo una prevalencia de HIM de 7.7%, predominando las opacidades blancas/cremas (código 2) con 37.5%, seguido de las opacidades amarillo/ marrón con un 16.7% y caries atípica con un 12.5%. Se concluyó, respecto a factores etiológicos de HIM, que obtuvieron significancia estadística, en prenatales el peso del niño al nacer, en posntnatales la ocurrencia de fiebre alta en el niño desde el nacimiento hasta los 4 años. / The aim of the study was to evaluate the etiological factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization in school children in a state school, Chiclayo, 2023. The study was observational, cross-sectional and of explanatory level, the study population was 313 children from 7 to 9 years of age and their mothers. Children enrolled in 2023, of both sexes, with the presence of at least one permanent first molar were included; children whose mothers did not agree to participate in the study by signing the informed consent form were excluded. A clinic al examination of the children was performed using the coding for HIM, and a face-to-face questionnaire was applied to the mothers with adequate validity and reliability. A prevalence of HIM of 7.7% was obtained, predominantly white/cream opacities (code 2) with 37.5%, followed by yellow/brown opacities with 16.7% and atypical caries with 12.5%. It was concluded, with respect to etiological factors of HIM, that they obtained statistical significa nce, in prenatal the weight of the child at birth, in postnatal the occurrence of high fever in the child from birth to 4 years of age.

Les fentes labio-palatines (FLP) sont la malformation cranio-faciale congénitale la plus fréquente. D'origine multifactorielle, elles sont la conséquence d'un défaut de fusion des bourgeons faciaux.Objectif et MéthodologieL'objectif de ce travail a été d'étudier la place des gènes de l'angiogenèse dans le cadre de la piste étiologique des FL/P. La méthodologie de ce travail comportait 3 étapes :- Une analyse systématique et exhaustive des gènes impliqués dans les FL/P comprenant les gènes identifiés mais aussi les gènes potentiellement impliqués.- Une analyse rétrospective des explorations génétiques des FL/P opérées au CHU de Reims entre 2003 et 2009.- La mise en place d'une analyse prospective (2009-2012, AOL) :- Génomique constitutionnelle par CGH Array- In situ au niveau des berges des fentes issues de déchets opératoires des chirurgies primaires des FL/P comprenant :Le développement d'un protocole de culture cellulaire de fibroblastesUne analyse anatomopathologiqueEt surtout le développement d'un modèle d'étude in vivo chez l'enfant d'analyse d'expression des gènes de l'angiogenèse.RésultatsL'analyse systématique des gènes impliqués dans les FL/P a mis en évidence 95 gènes dont plus d'une dizaine sont connus comme liés aux mécanismes d'angiogenèse (facteurs de croissance et protéases). Ces derniers sont en interaction entre eux mais aussi avec 18 autres gènes impliqués eux aussi dans les FL/P. Ainsi au total 1/3 des gènes d'intérêt sont soit des gènes de l'angiogenèse soit en lien avec eux.L'étude rétrospective nous a permis de mettre en exergue certaines formes cliniques originales qui ont été étudiées et publiées sous un angle « étiologique ».L'étude prospective nous a permis, après obtention des consentements, d'inclure 72 patients (30 FLP, 24FL, 18FP) opérés au CHU de Reims entre 2009 et 2012 d'une chirurgie primaire.Nous présentons :- nos résultats anatomopathologiques, et génétiques (CGH Array)- notre protocole de culture cellulaire- nos réflexions, notre cheminement aboutissant à la création du modèle d'étude d'analyse d'expression des gènes de l'angiogenèseDiscussionLa littérature a bien mis en avant une implication des phénomènes angiogéniques dans la constitution des FL/P par le biais des facteurs de croissance (TGFβ, PDGF C et Ra, FGF, TGFA, FGFR1, FGFR2 ; VEGF) et des protéases (MMP/TIMP2). L'ensemble de nos manipulations in situ nous permet aujourd'hui de disposer du matériel nécessaire pour l'étude de l'expression des facteurs impliqués dans l'angiogenèse sur les berges des fentes.Parallèlement, l'étude génomique constitutionnelle en CGH Array a permis de retrouver des variations non-connues comme polymorphiques chez 62% de nos patients. Des études familiales vont compléter notre travail. Elles permettront de savoir si ces CNV sont héritées ou De Novo et ainsi de préciser leur caractère bénin ou pathologique. L'identification chez un de nos patients d'une amplification, même de petite taille, du gène SKI (gène lié à la voie des TGFβ) nous encourage dans la poursuite de nos recherches d'anomalies constitutionnelles des gènes de l'angiogenèse dans les FL/PLa CGH array est une technique qui nous a paru particulièrement utile et fiable en terme de « scanning » et de dépistage.En conclusion, en pratique clinique, la découverte des anomalies préalablement certainement sous estimées par les cliniciens doit nous mener à une nouvelle réflexion sur le conseil génétique et sur l'utilité dans l'avenir d'un dépistage plus systématique. / Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are the most common congenital craniofacial malformation. They have a multifactorial etiology and are the consequence of incomplete fusion of the facial buds.Objective and MethodologyThe objective of this work was to study the role of the genes of angiogenesis in the framework of studying the etiology of CL/P. Our methodological approach included 3 steps:- Systematic and thorough analysis of the genes involved in CL/P including identified genes but also genes that could be potentially involved.- A retrospective analysis of the operated clefts at the University Hospital of Reims between 2003 and 2009.- Implementation of a prospective analysis (2009-2012, AOL):- Constitutional genomic study by CGH Array- In situ with tissue specimens extracted from surgically excised cleft edges including:The development of a protocol for fibroblast cell culturesHistopathological analysisAnd above all the development of an in vivo study model in children for analyzing the expression of genes of angiogenesis.ResultsThe systemic analysis of genes involved in cleft lip palate unveiled 95 genes including about ten that are known to be related to angiogenesis mechanisms (growth factor and proteases). These genes interact between themselves but also with 18 other genes also involved in CL/P. In all, 1/3 of relevant genes are either angiogenesis-related genes or in direct relation with them.The retrospective study permitted to underline the some original clinical forms that were studied and published under an « etiological » angle.The prospective study included 72 patients (30 CLP, 24CL, 18CP), for whom we obtained informed signed consents, operated at the University Hospital of Reims between 2009 and 2012 for primary cleft surgery.We present:- Our histopathological and genetic results (CGH Array)- Our cell culture protocol (submitted for publication)- Our approaches and thought process behind the design of a study model for analyzing expression profiling of angiogenic genesDiscussionThe literature has highlighted the role of angiogenesis in the formation of cleft lip/palate via growth factors (TGFβ, PDGF C and Ra, FGF, TGFA, FGFR1, FGFR2, VEGF) and proteases (MMP/TIMP2). All our manipulations in situ have yielded the necessary material, i.e. edges of resected clefts, to study the expression of factors involved in cleft angiogenesis.In parallel, the constitutional genomic study in CGH Array enabled to uncover abnormalities in 62% of our patients. Family studies will complete our work. They will help to refine if these CNV are inherited or de novo and thus indicate their benign or pathological nature. In one of our patients, the identification of the SKI gene (related to the TGFβ pathway) encourages us to continue our research of genetic abnormalities of angiogenic genes involved in cleft lip/palate. CGH array appeared to be a very useful and reliable method in terms of scanning and screening.In conclusion, in clinical practice, the discovery of abnormalities which were probably underestimated by clinicians before, leads us to rethink the issue of genetic counseling and the relevance of a more systematic screening for these abnormalities in the future.

No description available.

Addiction is one of the most significant problems facing contemporary society. Consequently many scholars, institutions and clinicians have sought to understand this complex phenomenon, as is evident in the abundance of etiological models of addiction in existence today. A literature review pointed that there is little consensus regarding the nature and etiopathogenesis of addiction, and integrative models have not yet been able to provide the sought-after integration. In addressing this problem, this study offers a theoretical analysis of the paradigmatic and meta-paradigmatic suitability of Integral Theory in the design of an integrated metatheory of addiction. The data consisted of the most prominent etiological theories and models of addiction. The study focused on several essential features constituting the architectonic of any metatheory that attempts to provide conceptual scaffolding for the construction of a comprehensive metatheory of addiction. The criteria for the construction of a metatheory were conceptual integration, ontological span, ontological depth, empirical validity and internal consistency. Integral Theory was critically assessed in terms of each of the abovementioned criteria. The study suggests that Integral Theory is eminently suitable as a philosophical foundation for the development of an integrated metatheory of addiction. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

Addiction is one of the most significant problems facing contemporary society. Consequently many scholars, institutions and clinicians have sought to understand this complex phenomenon, as is evident in the abundance of etiological models of addiction in existence today. A literature review pointed that there is little consensus regarding the nature and etiopathogenesis of addiction, and integrative models have not yet been able to provide the sought-after integration. In addressing this problem, this study offers a theoretical analysis of the paradigmatic and meta-paradigmatic suitability of Integral Theory in the design of an integrated metatheory of addiction. The data consisted of the most prominent etiological theories and models of addiction. The study focused on several essential features constituting the architectonic of any metatheory that attempts to provide conceptual scaffolding for the construction of a comprehensive metatheory of addiction. The criteria for the construction of a metatheory were conceptual integration, ontological span, ontological depth, empirical validity and internal consistency. Integral Theory was critically assessed in terms of each of the abovementioned criteria. The study suggests that Integral Theory is eminently suitable as a philosophical foundation for the development of an integrated metatheory of addiction. / Psychology / M. A. (Psychology)