Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GUILHERME DE OLIVEIRA BESSA.pdf: 720852 bytes, checksum: 2a03c7ad65ffe25ca5a6debf0d09987e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-21 / Through this research we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of the latex of E. tirucalli in wound care as an adjunct in the healing process. The latex was obtained from a specimen plant in the city of Goiania, and diluted to the concentration of 1mg/mL. Two experiments were conducted using experimental models: the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs and wounds in rats. In the first experiment, we evaluated the angiogenic response of the use of latex membranes, compared with controls. In the second one, sequential measurements were made of the wounds of rats, with regular use of the substance and controls until complete healing of the lesions. The results showed effective healing and angiogenic stimuli, similar to the positive control used (the latex of rubber tree). / Por meio deste trabalho, objetiva-se demonstrar a eficácia do látex de E. tirucalli no tratamento de feridas como adjuvante no processo cicatricial. O látex foi obtido de um exemplar da planta, na cidade de Goiânia, e diluído para a concentração de 1mg/mL. Foram realizados dois experimentos, utilizando como modelos experimentais a membrana corio-alantóide de ovos embrionados de galinhas e feridas em dorsos de ratos. No primeiro experimento, avaliou-se a resposta angiogênica do uso do látex nas membranas, comparando-se com controles. No segundo, foram feitas mensurações seqüenciais dos ferimentos dos ratos, com o uso regular da substância e controles, até a cicatrização completa das lesões. Os resultados revelaram estímulos angiogênico e cicatricial efetivos, semelhantes ao controle positivo utilizado (a biomembrana de látex de seringueira).

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-03-12T18:21:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Luiza Stolz Cruz.pdf: 10331435 bytes, checksum: 9b1d4ec95714f86c9315354c7d388689 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-12T18:21:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Luiza Stolz Cruz.pdf: 10331435 bytes, checksum: 9b1d4ec95714f86c9315354c7d388689 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns tem seu látex utilizado, etnofarmacologicamente, para tratamento de câncer, incluindo leucemias. Uma doença maligna que atinge os leucócitos, com alta incidência, sendo o tipo de câncer mais comum na infância. O tratamento quimioterápico é, na maioria dos casos, o mais recomendado, mas apresenta-se como terapia muito agressiva e com diversos efeitos colaterais. Por conseguinte, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar o potencial citotóxico da fração hexano do látex de Euphorbia umbellata suas subfrações e da substância isolada, eufol, frente a linhagens modelo de leucemia. Para tanto as células, Jurkat e HL-60, foram tratadas por 72 horas com a fração hexano (1,25-75 μg/mL), subfrações éter de petróleo, diclorometano, etanol e metanol (1,25-75 μg/mL) e com o eufol (10-50 μg/mL), sendo sua viabilidade celular avaliada pelo ensaio de redução do MTT ao final deste período. Para a subfração diclorometano (mais ativa) foi avaliada a viabilidade celular no período de 24 e 48 horas, além de ter sido determinado o índice de seletividade. Cabe ressaltar que a fração hexano e as subfrações foram obtidas por fracionamento em extrator de Soxhlet, enquanto o eufol, por precipitação ácida, seguida de cromatografia em coluna, e sendo identificado por ressonância magnética nuclear e espectrometria de massas. A fração hexano e as subfrações resultantes foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas. A avaliação cromatográfica das subfrações permitiu sugerir 10 substâncias, os triterpenos: eufol; lanosterol; cicloartenol; tirucalol; taraxasterol e lupeol, os diterpenos: forbol-12,13,20- triacetato; 4-β forbol e 3-desoxo-3- 16-dihidroxi-12-desoxiforbol-3-13-16-20- tetracetato, e o esteroide sitosterol. Como resultado do ensaio citotóxico obteve-se, para a fração hexano uma CI50 de 0,061 ± 1,226 μg/mL para as células HL-60 e 4,624 ± 1,088 μg/mL para células Jurkat; para o eufol uma CI50 de 21,031 ± 1,778 μg/mL (HL-60) e 35,925 ± 5,011 μg/mL (Jurkat). Dentre as subfrações a diclorometano apresentou o melhor perfil de resposta com valores de 0,005±0,098 μg/mL (HL-60) e 0,200±0,957 μg/mL (Jurkat), revelando que o tratamento é tempo dependente. Ademais a subfração diclorometano mostrouse seletiva para o tratamento de leucemia com índices de seletividade superior a 2. Portanto, conclui-se que a subfração diclorometano é a promissora para o tratamento de leucemia, possivelmente por ação sinérgica dos terpenos nela presente. / Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns has its latex used, ethno-pharmacologically, for the treatment of cancer, including leukemias. A malignant disease that affects leukocytes, with high incidence, being the most common type of cancer in childhood. Chemotherapy treatment is, normally, the most recommended, but it presents as very aggressive therapy and with several side effects. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of the hexane fraction of Euphorbia umbellata latex, the subfraction of that and the isolated substance, euphol, against leukemia model lines. For this, the cells, Jurkat and HL-60, were treated for 72 hours with the hexane fraction (1.25-75 μg/mL), subfractions petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethanol and methanol (1.25-75 μg/mL), and euphol (10-50 μg/mL), and their cell viability was evaluated by the assay of MTT reduction at the end of this period. For the dichloromethane subfraction (the most active), the cell viability was evaluated in the period of 24 and 48 hours, in addition, the selectivity index was determined. It should be noted that the hexane fraction and subfractions were obtained by fractionation in Soxhlet extractor, while euphol by acid precipitation, followed by column chromatography, and being identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The hexane fraction was partitioned and the resulting subfractions were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer. The chromatographic evaluation of the subfractions allowed to suggest 10 substances, the triterpenes: euphol; lanosterol; cycloartenol; tirucallol; taraxasterol and lupeol, the diterpenes: phorbol-12,13,20-triacetate; 4- β-phorbol and 3-deoxo-3-16-dihydroxy-12-deoxyphorbol-3-13-16-20-tetracetate, and the steroid sitosterol. As a result of the cytotoxic assay, an IC50 of 0.061 ± 1.226 μg/mL was obtained for HL-60 cells and 4.624 ± 1.088 μg/mL for Jurkat cells; and for euphol an IC50 of 21.031 ± 1.778 μg/ml (HL-60) and 35.925 ± 5.011 μg/ml (Jurkat). Among the subfractions, the dichloromethane presented the best response profile with values of 0,005±0,098 μg/mL (HL-60) and 0,200±0,957 μg/mL (Jurkat), revealing that the treatment is time dependent. In addition, the dichloromethane subfraction was selective for the treatment of leukemia with indexes of selectivity superior to 2.Therefore, it is concluded that the subfraction dichloromethane is promising for the treatment of leukemia, possibly by synergistic action of the terpenes in it.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:13:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNA MIKULIS LEMES.pdf: 2339856 bytes, checksum: 090063d94222c9d5a81d2f53dd692a81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The abusive use of anti-inflammatory drugs entails health risks and this fact has increasingly led researchers to seek alternative new drugs and safer formulations.Consequently the development of new, modified drug delivery systems and the search for new drugs, presents itself as a great research field. The extracts from plant species stand out as a matrix of interest due to the presence of possible active compounds. These compounds include the class of phenolic compounds, which is a structurally diversified class whose antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity have already been well-studied and recognised. The species Euphorbia umbellata has attracted attention in recent years in relation to its ethnopharmacological use for the treatment of cancer and inflammation and it presents as candidate to be used in formulations with antiinflammatory activity, which is especially present among in its metabolites, i.e. phenoliccompounds. Consequently, this study developed, characterised and evaluated chitosan membranes containing the methanol fraction of E. umbellata for topical application in relation to their antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Initially, the quantitative determination of phenolic compounds (total flavonoids and phenolics) present in the crude extract and its fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol) were performed using UV-VIS, and a qualitative chromatographic evaluation of the methanolic fraction was performed using UHPLC-MS. The physicochemical characterisation of the membranes was performed using SEM and EGF techniques,density, XRD, FTIR, DSC, TGA, colour measurements, and pharmacological evaluation in vitro by determining the scavenging (DPPH and ABTS) and antimicrobial potential, in addition to ex vivo permeation testing. The quantification of phenolic compounds demonstrated that the methanolic fraction contained the highest amount ofthese compounds (225.205 mg.g-1) and the chromatographic evaluation of themethanolic fraction made it possible to suggest 23 molecules of phenolic substances belonging to the classes of simple phenolic acids, tannins and flavonoids. The characterisation tests showed variations related to the addition of the methanolic fraction of the chitosan matrix, which showed interaction between the chitosan matrix and the polymer structure. The antioxidant and antimicrobial tests indicated the positive potential of the membranes in relation to the studied models. Similarly, these formulations also stood out in the antimicrobial assay. There was no permeation of the Franz cell model, suggesting a local activity. Thus, it was possible to demonstrate that interactions occurred between the methanolic fraction and the polymer. These formulations show promising potential for topical application in relation to antiinflammatory action. / O uso abusivo de medicamentos anti-inflamatórios traz riscos à saúde da população e tal fato preocupa e instiga cada vez mais os pesquisadores a buscar alternativas de novos fármacos e formulações mais seguros. Neste sentido o desenvolvimento de novas formas farmacêuticas de liberação modificada e a busca de novos fármacos, apresentase como um campo de pesquisa de grande importância. Os extratos de espécies vegetais se destacam com uma matriz de interesse em decorrência da presença de possíveis moléculas bioativas. Entre estes compostos destacam-se os fenólicos, que se destacam como uma classe bastante diversificada estruturalmente e cuja atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória são bem estudadas e reconhecidas. A espécie Euphorbia umbellata tem despertado interesse nos últimos anos quanto ao seu uso etnofarmacológico para tratamento de quadros de câncer e inflamação, e apresenta-se como candidata a ser empregada em formulações com atividade anti-inflamatória, especialmente por apresentar entre seus metabólitos, os compostos fenólicos. Sendo assim, no presente estudo, membranas de quitosana contendo a fração metanólica de E. umbellata para aplicação tópica foram desenvolvidas, caracterizadas e avaliadas quanto ao seu potencial antioxidante e antimicrobiano. Para tanto, inicialmente foram realizadas a determinação quantitativa dos compostos fenólicos (fenólicos e flavonoides totais) presentes no extrato bruto e suas frações (hexano, clorofórmio, acetato de etila e metanol) por UV-VIS e a avaliação cromatográfica qualitativa da fração metanólica por UHPLC-MS. A caracterização físico-química das membranas foi desenvolvida por meio de técnicas de MEV, FEG, densidade, DRX, FTIR, DSC, TGA, determinação de cor e avaliação farmacológica in vitro mediante a determinação do potencial scavenger (DPPH e ABTS) e antimicrobiano, além do teste de permeação ex vivo. A quantificação de fenólicos revelou que a fração metanólica é a que possui maior quantidade desses compostos (225,205 mg.g-1) e a avaliação cromatográfica da mesma permitiu sugerir 23 moléculas de substâncias fenólicas pertencentes as classes dos ácidos fenólicos simples, taninos e flavonoides. Os testes de caracterização evidenciaram variações relacionadas à adição da fração metanólica à matriz de quitosana, o que demonstra a interação desta com a estrutura do polímero. Os ensaios antioxidante e antimicrobiano indicaram favorável potencial das membranas M50FM e M100FM, nos modelos estudados. Da mesma forma, estas formulações também se destacaram no ensaio antimicrobiano. Não foi observada permeação cutânea o modelo de célula de Franz, o que aponta para uma atividade local. Deste modo, foi possível indicar que ocorrem interações entre a fração metanólica e o polímero, entretanto as formulações são candidatas promissoras à aplicação tópica para ação anti-inflamatória.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:31:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3035.pdf: 892381 bytes, checksum: ff6a3130c36121f43baf1fa3313e9b53 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-05 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work aims to determine through bioassays the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts Gleichenella pectinata and Dicranopteris flexuosa adult and mature fronds in two physiological stages (fertile and sterile) over the percentage and average time of germination, besides initial growth of three species of crop weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli, Ipomoea grandifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla). Four aqueous treatments were made (0, 2,5 , 5 and 10%), with five replications. Each plot consisted of 30 seeds for germination tests and 10 seedlings for initial growth of root and hypocotyl / coleoptile. Root growth was the most sensitive parameter to G. pectinata and D. flexuosa allelochemicals, for the three target species. All extracts damaged root growth of target species, excepting the lower concentration of sterile fronds extracts over E. heterophylla. Sterile frond extracts caused a delay on E. crusgalli and E. heterophylla germination under concentrations 5 and 10%. The higher concentration of fertile frond extract decreased germination percentage of the three target species. All D. flexuosa extracts decreased root length of all target species. I. grandifolia was the most sensitive species due to D. flexuosa extracts, having showed decrease in all morphologic parameters. Both other target species also had their shoot part length growth suppressed under 5% and 10% concentrations. A soil experiment was also performed in order to verify the role of different treatments of D. flexuosa fronds on Lactuca sativa germination in presence or absence of microorganisms. Each treatment was tested with 4 lettuce seeds per vase, by 10 days with 6 replications. Treatments were tested in 6 periods of ten days each, related to the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th and 32nd days after treatments application. Light, moisture and temperature conditions were controlled. In general, non-sterilized substrates presented higher allelopathic effects over analyzed parameters. Among treatments, the pre-occupied soil exerted stronger effects, with inhibition of germination in non-sterilized, during the whole period of experiment. That must be an indicative of accumulated allelopathic substances under environmental conditions, and their prolonged effects. / No presente trabalho foram feitos bioensaios para determinar o potencial alelopático dos extratos aquosos de frondes adultas de Gleichenella pectinata e de Dicranopteris flexuosa em dois estágios fisiológicos (fértil e estéril) sobre a porcentagem e o tempo médio de germinação, e crescimento inicial de três espécies de plantas infestantes de culturas (Echinochloa crus-galli, Ipomoea grandifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla). Foram feitos quatro tratamentos aquosos (0, 2,5 , 5 e 10%), com cinco repetições. Cada tratamento consistiu de 30 sementes para os experimentos de germinação e 10 plântulas para crescimento da radícula e do hipocótilo/coleóptilo. O crescimento das raízes foi o parâmetro mais sensível aos aleloquímicos de frondes de G. pectinata e de D. flexuosa, para as três espécies estudadas. Todos os extratos prejudicaram o crescimento da raiz das três espécies alvo, exceto a concentração 2,5% do extrato de frondes estéreis de G. pectinata sobre E. heterophylla. Os extratos de frondes estéreis de G. pectinata atrasaram a germinação de E. heterophylla e E. crus-galli nas concentrações 5 e 10%. A concentração 10% do extrato de fronde férteis reduziu a porcentagem de germinação das três espécies-alvo. Todos os extratos de D. flexuosa reduziram o sistema radicular de todas as espécies alvo. I. grandifolia foi a espécie mais sensível aos extratos de D. flexuosa, apresentando redução de todos os parâmetros morfológicos. As demais espécies alvo tiveram suas partes aéreas diminuídas pelas concentrações 5 e 10%. Foi realizado um experimento em solo para verificar o desempenho de diferentes tratamentos de D. flexuosa na germinação de Lactuca sativa, na presença e ausência de microrganismos. Cada um dos tratamentos foi testado com 4 sementes de alface /vaso durante seis períodos distintos de dez dias, referentes ao 1º, 2º, 4º, 8º, 16º e 32º dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos, com 6 réplicas. As condições de luminosidade, umidade e temperatura foram controladas. Em geral, os substratos não esterilizados apresentaram maiores efeitos alelopáticos sobre os parâmetros analisados. Dentre os tratamentos, o solo pré ocupado por D. flexuosa, inibindo a germinação quando não esterilizado, durante todo e tempo de experimento. Isso comprova o acúmulo de substâncias alelopáticas em condições ambientais, e seu efeito prolongado.

In November of 1984 and 1985, Euphorbia lathyris was planted into a field naturally infested with Macrophomina phaseolina located at the Campbell Avenue Farm in Tucson, Arizona. Plants without foliar symptoms and rhizosphere soil were sampled regularly from emergence until the following May or June. Soil rhizosphere populations ranged from 0.7-3.0 cfu/g soil in 1985 to 8.0-24.1 cfu/g soil in 1986, and did not change significantly over either growing season (P > 0.05). Both the incidence of disease and the number of infection sites per cm of root increased significantly (P < 0.05) over each growing season and were not related to rhizosphere soil populations of M. phaseolina (P > 0.05). The distribution of infection sites along the tap root over both growing seasons remained the same in that most were located in the top 0-7 cm of tap root. Infected E. lathyris without apparent symptoms were subjected to low-water and high-temperature stress treatments in growth chambers. Root infection was not found to be dependent upon any stress. Lesion development was significantly dependent upon the imposition of any stress treatment, and further root colonization was significantly dependent upon low-water stress (P < 0.05). M. phaseolina was consistently recovered from asymptomatic roots. A consistently lower leaf water potential was measured on infected E. lathyris than from non-infected controls when no stress treatment was applied. Polyclonal antisera made against hyphae and microsclerotia of M. phaseolina was not successful in detecting this pathogen in E. lathyris by I-ELISA. Antisera applied to fresh thin sections of infected plant tissue was effective in staining hyphae of M. phaseolina when used with a second antibody conjugated to fluorescence isothiocyanate or to an enzyme (to which a substrate was added to "stain" hyphae).

Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Macrophomina phaseolina were isolated from Euphorbia lathyris grown in fields near Tucson, Arizona. R. solani occurred as a damping-off organism in the fall. P. aphanidermatum infected seeds, seedlings, and mature plants in laboratory and greenhouse tests. Although P. aphanidermatum was infrequently isolated from field plants in Arizona, it was a major pathogen of greenhouse plants growing at high temperatures in nonsterile soil. M. phaseolina was a major pathogen. Infection of E. lathyris roots occurred within 1 mo of an October 1980 planting, but symptoms were not significant until June. Sclerotia of this fungus ranged in numbers from 1 to 246 sclerotia/g field soil. Population densities of 0.2 sclerotium/g soil were sufficient to cause more than 90% plant death in field plots. Some plants infected with M. phaseolina were growing in an area newly cleared of native desert vegetation. Subsequently, M. phaseolina was found in uncultivated soils from four vegetative communities in southern Arizona at elevations from 600 to 2,000 m; the fungus also was recovered from roots of several symptomless native plants.

Euphorbia cotinifolia apresenta muitas atividades biológicas sendo utilizada na medicina popular para cauterizar feridas e como um purgante em pequenas doses. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o teor de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides, a atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e a toxicidade dos extratos hidroetanólicos de raiz, caule, folha e fruto de E. cotinifolia. Foi realizada triagem fitoquímica, dosagem de compostos fenólicos pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau, flavonoides pelo método de cloreto de alumínio e análise química por CLAE. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pela técnica de difusão em ágar e a determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) pela técnica de diluição em caldo utilizando cepas padrões. Foi determinada também a concentração microbicida mínima (CMM). A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método do sequestro do radical livre DPPH. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada pelo método MTT em cultura celular BHK. Todos os extratos hidroetanólicos de Euphorbia cotinifolia apresentaram compostos fenólicos, bem como a presença de metabólitos secundários como taninos e flavonoides, atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante. A análise em CLAE sugeriu a presença de ácido cafeico para os extratos de folha fresca e seca e demonstrou uma maior concentração de compostos fenólicos na folha seca. Nenhum dos extratos apresentou atividade antimicobacteriana e citotoxicidade in vitro. / Euphorbia cotinifolia has many biological activities being used in folk medicine to cauterize wounds and as a purgative in small doses. The present study aimed to determine the content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and toxicity of hydroethanolic extracts of root, stem, leaf and fruit of E. cotinifolia. Was performed chemical screening, measurement of phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocalteau reagent method, flavonoids by aluminum chloride method, chemical analysis by HPLC. The antimicrobial activity was determined by agar diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth dilution technique using standard strains. The minimum microbicidal concentration (CMM) was also determined. The antioxidant activity was determined by the kidnapping of DPPH free radical method. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the MTT method in BHK cell culture. All hydroethanolic extract of Euphorbia cotinifolia presented phenolic compounds, as well as presence of secondary metabolites such as tannins and flavonoids, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The HPLC analysis suggested the presence of caffeic acid for extracts of dry leaf and fresh. Dry leaf showed a higher concentration of phenolic compounds. None of the extracts showed antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity in vitro. / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Nos Ãltimos anos, vÃrias pesquisas foram desenvolvidas na regiÃo SemiÃrida do Nordeste Brasileiro, no intuito de conhecer as potencialidades, tanto na produÃÃo como na qualidade de suas forragens. Como exemplo, a pornunÃa (Manihot sp.) na adiÃÃo de fonte de proteÃna no arraÃoamento de animais. Avaliou-se um modelo para a estimativa da Ãrea foliar, morfometria, composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e mineral da pornunÃa (Manihot sp.) em funÃÃo da densidade de plantio e adubaÃÃo fosfatada. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema de sequeiro, no perÃodo de maio 2010 a outubro de 2011. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com trÃs repetiÃÃes, sendo 4 espaÃamentos (1,5 x 1,5; 1,5 x 2,0; 2,0 x 2,0 e 2,5 x 2,0 metros) e 4 doses de fÃsforo (0,0; 56,66; 113,32 e 169,98 gramas/covas de superfosfato simples). Foram marcadas 192 plantas, sendo 4 por parcelas para avaliaÃÃes morfomÃtricas (altura da planta, nÃmero de ramos, diÃmetro de caule e nÃmero de folhas), quÃmico-bromatolÃgica e mineral (folhas, hastes e pool). No estudo do modelo para estimativa da Ãrea foliar, foram coletadas 3 folhas por planta, num total de 144, para determinaÃÃo da AF utilizando o mÃtodo direto (AFReal), medidor de Ãrea foliar tipo esteira (Li-Cor 3100) e por meio das dimensÃes lineares. O crescimento da pornunÃa, em termos de altura da planta, nÃmero de ramos, diÃmetro de caule e nÃmero de folhas depende da distribuiÃÃo temporal dos pulsos de precipitaÃÃo, principalmente o nÃmero de folhas da planta. Dentre as variÃveis de crescimento avaliadas, o nÃmero de folhas da planta à o mais sensÃvel Ãs variaÃÃes da disponibilidade de Ãgua no solo e distribuiÃÃo da chuva na estaÃÃo chuvosa e, como consequÃncia nÃo hà efeito do espaÃamento de plantio nem da adubaÃÃo fosfatada sobre esta variÃvel. A densidade de plantio e a adubaÃÃo fosfatada nÃo influenciam o nÃmero de rebrotaÃÃes, folhas e diÃmetro da pornunÃa quando cultivada em sequeiro. Em condiÃÃes de sequeiro, o espaÃamento de plantio e a adubaÃÃo fosfatada nÃo interferem (p>0,05) na composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica das folhas e do pool da pornunÃa, em termos de MS, PB, FDN, CHOT e CNF a exceÃÃo do teor de EE do pool. Pelo contrario, o espaÃamento de plantio e a adubaÃÃo fosfatada afetam (p<0,05) na composiÃÃo quÃmico-bromatolÃgica das hastes, a exceÃÃo do CHOT. A adubaÃÃo fosfatada e o espaÃamento de plantio influenciam os teores de magnÃsio e fÃsforo nas hastes e fÃsforo no pool da pornunÃa. A Ãrea foliar da pornunÃa determinada pelo medidor Li-Cor 3100 à cerca de 10% inferior em comparaÃÃo ao mÃtodo AFReal. O modelo que melhor se ajusta para a estimativa da Ãrea foliar foi do tipo potencial a partir das dimensÃes morfolÃgicas se aproximarem mais quando se usa o produto da largura pelo comprimento da folha, independente do seu tamanho. / In recent years, several studies have been developed in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, in order to know the potential, both in production and in the quality of the fodder. As an example, pornunÃa (Manihot sp.) used as addition of a protein source in animal feeding. It was evaluated a model for leaf area estimation, morphology, chemical composition and mineral of the pornunÃa (Manihot sp.) in function of planting density and phosphorus fertilization. The experiment was conducted under rainfed system in the period from May 2010 to October 2011. It was adopted a randomized block design in a factorial 4 x 4 with three replications and four spacings row (1,5 x 1,5; 1,5 x 2,0; 2,0 x 2,0 and 2,5 x 2,0 meters) and four levels of phosphorus (0,0; 56,66; 113,32 and 169,98 grams/pits superphosphate). 192 plants were marked, being 4 by plots for morphological (plant height, number of branches, stem diameter and number of leaves), bromatological and mineral (leaves, stems and pool). In the model studies to estimate leaf area were collected 3 leaves per plant, for a total of 144 leaves, to determine the AF using the direct method (AFReal), leaf area meter (Li-Cor 3100) and by linear dimensions. The growth of pornunÃa in terms of plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, leaf number depends on the temporal distribution of precipitation pulses, particularly the number of leaves. Among the growth variables evaluated, the number of leaves of the plant is the most sensitive to changes in soil water availability and rainfall distribution during the rainy season and as a consequence there is no spacing row or phosphorus fertilization effect on this variable. Planting density and phosphorus fertilization did not influence the number of regrowth, leaves and diameter of the plant when it is grown in rainfed. Under rainfed conditions, the planting space and phosphorus fertilization do not interfere (p> 0.05) in the chemical composition of the leaves and the pool of pornunÃa, in terms of DM, CP, NDF, CHOT and NFC, with exception of EE content in the pool. Rather, the spacing row and phosphorus fertilization affect (p <0.05) the chemical composition of the stems, with the exception of CHOT. The phosphorus fertilization and planting spacing influence the levels of magnesium and phosphorus in the stems and phosphorus in the pool of the pornunÃa. The pornunÃa leaf area determined by the meter Li-Cor 3100 is about 10% lower compared to the AFReal method. The model that best fits to estimate the leaf area was the potential type from the morphological dimensions, when it gets closer if using the product of the width by length of the sheet, regardless of its size.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Camila Silva de Oliveira.pdf: 2674725 bytes, checksum: dfd3ff2b9c6a77353a011a46e2ecb466 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Snails are invertebrate of great importance for the human and veterinary medicine, therefore they serve as intermediate host of some parasites, being able to acometer animal or human people. The snail Achatina Fulica is an intermediate host of nematodes like Angiostrongylus spp. These snails had been introduced in Brazil as an attempt to substitute traditional escargot, however the great creations had not provided the waited profit and the criation had been abandoned. The Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii is an originary plant of the African continent and is largely used as ornamental plant. This plant, however, is classified as toxic by the SINITOX Sistema Nacional de Informa??es T?xico- Farmacol?gicas. So the present study intended to evaluate the consequences of the use of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var hislopii on the metabolism of carbohydrates of Achatina fulica. For the determination of the subletal Dose groups with thirty animals had been displayed to the latex in the concentrations of 1%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5%, 12,5%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, being Concentration Dose 50 (CL50) 11,2%. The values observed for the concentration of glycogen in the digestive gland and the cefalopodal mass had demonstrated that the exposition after had extremely significant difference only in the first day after displayed. The analysis of polynomial regression demonstrated to have one strong positive relation (r2=0,95) enters the glycogen concentration in the cefalopodal mass of snail displayed to the CL50 and snails of control group after to long of the time the exposition to the latex. When comparing the glucose levels in hemolinfa of displayed snails to CL50 and snails of control group in function of the time after the exposition in days, the polynomial regression evidenced that these levels increase as the continuation of the days. The exposition of the A. fulica to the CL50 of the latex of Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii make a reduction in the deposits of glycogen in digestive gland of the clam, presented in a delayed effect on the deposits of glycogen of the cefalopodal mass of the snails, did not have significant variations in the glucose content in hemolinfa of A. fulica displayed to the latex. Although in the first dissection day has been found a bigger concentration of free glucose level in hemolinfa. The exposition to the latex of E. splendens var. hislopii make a significant reduction in the concentration of galactogen in albumen gland of the snail. / Os moluscos s?o invertebrados de grande import?ncia para a medicina humana e veterin?ria, pois servem como hospedeiros intermedi?rios de v?rios parasitos, podem acometer animais ou o homem. O molusco Achatina fulica em especial, ? hospedeiro intermedi?rio de nemat?ides do g?nero Angiostrongylus spp. Estes moluscos,foram introduzidos no Brasil como uma tentativa de substituir o tradicional escargot, por?m as grandes cria??es n?o proporcionaram o lucro esperado e os criadouros foram abandonados. A Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii ? uma planta origin?ria do continente africano e ? muito utilizada como planta ornamental, devido ao seu f?cil cultivo. Esta planta, por?m, ? classificada como t?xica pelo SINITOX Sistema Nacional de Informa??es T?xico- Farmacol?gicas. Assim sendo, o presente estudo pretendeu avaliar as conseq??ncias do uso do l?tex de Euphorbia splendens var hislopii sobre o metabolismo de carboidratos de Achatina fulica. Para a determina??o da dose subletal grupos com trinta animais foram expostos ao l?tex nas concentra??es de 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 12.5%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100%, sendo a concentra??o letal 50 (CL50) 11,2% . Os valores observados para a concentra??o de glicog?nio na gl?ndula digestiva e na massa cefalopodal demonstraram que houve diferen?a significativa apenas no primeiro dia ap?s a exposi??o a CL50. A an?lise de regress?o polinomial demonstrou haver uma forte rela??o positiva (r2=0,95) entre a concentra??o de glicog?nio na massa cefalopodal de moluscos expostos a CL50 e moluscos do grupo controle ao longo do tempo ap?s a exposi??o ao l?tex. Ao comparar os n?veis de glicose na hemolinfa de moluscos expostos a CL50 e de moluscos controles em fun??o do tempo ap?s a exposi??o em dias, a regress?o polinomial evidenciou que esses n?veis aumentam conforme o prosseguimento dos dias. A exposi??o de A. fulica ? CL50 do l?tex de E. splendens var. hislopii provocou a redu??o nos dep?sitos de glicog?nio na gl?ndula digestiva, e um efeito tardio sobre os dep?sitos de glicog?nio da massa cefalopodal, e n?o apresentou varia??es significativas no conte?do de glicose na hemolinfa de A. fulica exposta ao l?tex. Embora nos primeiros dias de disseca??o tenha sido encontrado um maior n?vel de glicose livre circulante na hemolinfa. A exposi??o ao l?tex de E. splendens var. hislopii provocou uma significativa redu??o na concentra??o de galactog?nio na gl?ndula de alb?men de A. fulica.

Hairy prairie-clover (Dalea villosa Nutt. (Spreng) var. villosa), a rare plant species, grows in the Canadian Prairies. Populations of Dalea in Canada are threatened by the loss of sand dune habitat because of changes in land use and altered ecological processes such as grazing and fire. Local populations of Dalea are further threatened by one or more specific threats, including herbivory from native and domestic ungulates and invasion of habitats by exotic plants. The overall objective of this thesis was to gain more knowledge about Dalea and to determine the impact of threats and management practices to the Saskatchewan populations and their habitats. Observational studies were conducted at each of two sites in Saskatchewan supporting Dalea. First, at the Dundurn Sandhills site, structural equation modeling was used to examine landscape, ecological, and management factors associated with high rates of herbivory on Dalea and with reductions in the long-term survival and productivity of Dalea. The conditions which deer (Odocoileus hemionus and Odocoileus virginianus) or cattle (Bos taurus) were responsible for the most intense rates of herbivory to Dalea plants and patches were determined. Generally, deer appeared responsible for the most herbivory, whereas cattle grazing on Dalea increased with stocking densities. At the same time, new hypotheses about ecological processes affecting Dalea productivity in the Dundurn Sandhills were explored. In particular, it appeared that deer may be responding to cattle grazing in Dalea habitat by avoiding those areas, and that mid-season germination and recruitment of many Dalea plants may occur following precipitation events. Second, at the Mortlach site, the costs and benefits of using grazing management to control leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L. var. esula) were assessed, especially in consideration of the potential negative effects of intense herbivory on Dalea productivity. Aspects of the grazing regime including stocking density and the livestock species influenced herbivory on Dalea and its reproductive output, but there were no apparent links between the abundance of leafy spurge abundance and the reproductive output of Dalea. The findings of these two studies are relevant for the conservation and management of Dalea in Saskatchewan.