Busca-se em pesquisas e estudos avaliar a capacidade de adaptação e selamento entre a conexão implante/intermediário de diferentes sistemas de implantes odontológicos. Observou-se recentemente que implantes com abutments retidos com parafusos, diversos fenômenos como afrouxamento e fratura do parafuso, rotação e fratura do abutment com penetração bacteriana nas câmaras internas dos implantes, acontece como conseqüência da desadaptação interface implante/abutment. É descrito ao nível desta região um pequeno espaço microgap, fator relevante para remodelamento da crista óssea e longevidade da saúde dos tecidos moles periimplantares. O propósito do estudo foi investigar o extravasamento da solução do corante azul de Evan em três tipos de implantes e seus respectivos intermediários, durante um período de seis (6) dias, a cada vinte e quatro (24) horas, com intervalo em cento e vinte (120) horas, através da agitação proporcionada por uma mesa agitadora. Para tal, foram utilizados trinta (30) implantes, dez (10) de cada tipo, com seus respectivos intermediários protéticos, minipilares, sendo o Grupo Um (1) de implantes Hexágono Externo (HE), Grupo dois (2) de Hexágono Interno (HI) e Grupo três (3) de Cone Morse (CM). No interior de cada implante foi pipetado volume ou quantidade proporcional ao seu espaço interno uma solução de corante azul de Evan. Após a colocação do corante no interior dos implantes, os abutments ou intermediários foram acoplados e aparafusados com torque de vinte (20) Ncm, através do torquímetro de Gauge (Tohnichi), e estes depositados individualmente em micro tubos de cor âmbar na condição de intermediários voltados para baixo. Segui/se imediatamente a colocação de (1)ml de água deionizada. A seguir os tubos foram fechados hermeticamente e posicionados numa mesa suporte para microtubos e foram armazernados por 24 horas, sem agitação. Posteriormente foram agitados por 10 minutos com movimentos uniformes em mesa agitadora e a partir deste momento iniciou/se a coleta de uma pequena quantidade de água de cada micro tubo onde por sua vez estas amostras foram analisadas por absorbância através do método de fotometria, espectrofotometria, onde mostraram o extravasamento da solução do corante azul de Evan nos sistemas de implantes usados. Do inicio da coleta das amostras no tempo de (24 horas) até a condição no terceiro dia ou setenta e duas horas, os três sistemas não mostraram/se alterações estatisticamente significantes. A partir do tempo quarto dia ou 96 h., no sistema do grupo Cone Morse, revelou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o grupo HE e HI. Os resultados foram tabulados e o teste estatístico Anova há dois critérios e aplicados a eles o teste Tukey comparação entre todos, com o nível de significância de p<0.05. Os resultados do teste de vinte e quatro (24); quarenta e oito (48), setenta e duas (72), não havendo diferenças estatisticamente significantes, ao passo que no período de noventa e seis (96) e cento e quarenta e quatro(144) horas, mostrou a solução do corante de azul de Evan do sistema CM, o xtravasamento estatisticamente significante maior do que nos grupos HE e HI. Conclui/se, portanto, que houve extravasamento nos três sistemas na condição inicial. No tempo 96 houve um maior extravasamento do sistema CM perpetuando até o final do experimento, mostrando-se estaticamente diferente em relação aos sistemas HE e HI. / Research and studies seek to evaluate the capacity of adaptation and sealing between the implant-intermediate connections of different dental implant systems. It has recently been observed that in implants with screw-retained abutments, various phenomena, such as screw4 loosening and fracture, rotation and fracture of the abutment with bacterial penetration into the internal chambers of the implants have occurred as a result of maladaptatation at the implant-abutment interface. At the level of this region, a small space known as a microgap is described, and is a relevant factor in remodeling of the crestal bone and peri-implant soft tissue health in the long term. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extravasation of Evans blue dye solution in three types of implants and their respective intermediates during a period of six (6) days, every twenty-four (24) hours, with an interval in one hundred and wenty (120) hours, by means of agitation provided by an agitating table. To do this, thirty (30) implants were used, ten (10) of each type, with their respective prosthetic intermediates and mini-abutments, divided into groups as follows: Group One (1) External Hexagon implants (EH), Group Two (2) Internal Hexagon (IH) and Group three (3) Morse Cone (MC). Into the interior of each implant, Evans blue dye solution was inserted with a pipette in a volume or quantity proportional to its internal space. After the dye was put into the implants, the abutments or intermediates were coupled and the screws tightened to a torque of twenty (20) Ncm, with a Gauge torque meter (Tohnichi), and they were individually deposited in amber-colored microtubes positioned so that the intermediates faced downwards. This was immediately followed by the placement of (1)ml of deionized water. Next, the tubes were hermetically closed and placed on a table with a microtube holder and stored for 24 hours, without agitation. Afterwards they were agitated for 10 minutes on an agitating table making uniform movements and from then on, a small quantity of water began to be collected from each microtube, where in turn these samples were analyzed by absorbance method of photometry, spectrophotometry, in which they showed the extravasation of the Evans blue dye solution in the implant system used. From the beginning of sample collection at the time of (24hours) until the condition on the third day or at seventy-two hours, the three systems showed no statistically significant alterations. From the fourth day, or at the time of 96 h., in the Morse Cone Group system, statistically significant differences were revealed between Group EH and IH. The results were tabulated and the ANOVA statistical test for two criteria and the Tukey test were applied for comparison among all the groups, with a level of significance of p<0.05. The results of the twenty-four-hour (24); forty-eight (48), seventy-two hour tests (72), there were no statistically significant differences, whereas in the period of ninety-six (96) and one hundred and forty-four (144) hours, showed the Evans blue dye solution extravasation from the MC system to be greater with statistical significance than in Groups EH and IH. It was therefore concluded that there was extravasation in the three systems in the initial condition. At the time of 96 there was greater extravasation from the MC system, which was perpetuated up to the end of the experiment, showing it to differ statistically in comparison with the EH and IH systems.

Downhill treadmill running is a commonly used method to cause exercise-induced muscle damage, especially in rodents. Previous studies have evaluated which muscles in rats are more prone to damage. However research using downhill run mice (DHR) has shown some inconsistencies in which muscle is best analyzed for damage. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the damage in various muscles in a mouse after a single bout of DHR. Methods: Male FVB mice (5 months) were injected with Evans Blue dye (EBD) and then either used as control (CON) or run downhill (-16°) at 20 meters per minute (m/min) for 30 minutes. Twenty-four hours after exercise, the gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis anterior (TA), quadriceps, and triceps brachii muscles were harvested (n = 6 per group per muscle). Cross-sectional slices were obtained, fixed, and mounted to analyze EBD infiltration, dystrophin (Dys), and centralized nuclei. The samples were then imaged using a fluorescent microscope. The entire sample was captured using 20x magnification, and the total number of cells, EBD+, Dys-, and centralized nuclei, were counted. A blood sample was collected to measure plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity. Results: Total number of cells was not different between groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference in any of the markers of muscle damage was found in any muscle between CON and DHR (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that DHR does not induce muscle damage in adult (5 months) male FVB mice.

Busca-se em pesquisas e estudos avaliar a capacidade de adaptação e selamento entre a conexão implante/intermediário de diferentes sistemas de implantes odontológicos. Observou-se recentemente que implantes com abutments retidos com parafusos, diversos fenômenos como afrouxamento e fratura do parafuso, rotação e fratura do abutment com penetração bacteriana nas câmaras internas dos implantes, acontece como conseqüência da desadaptação interface implante/abutment. É descrito ao nível desta região um pequeno espaço microgap, fator relevante para remodelamento da crista óssea e longevidade da saúde dos tecidos moles periimplantares. O propósito do estudo foi investigar o extravasamento da solução do corante azul de Evan em três tipos de implantes e seus respectivos intermediários, durante um período de seis (6) dias, a cada vinte e quatro (24) horas, com intervalo em cento e vinte (120) horas, através da agitação proporcionada por uma mesa agitadora. Para tal, foram utilizados trinta (30) implantes, dez (10) de cada tipo, com seus respectivos intermediários protéticos, minipilares, sendo o Grupo Um (1) de implantes Hexágono Externo (HE), Grupo dois (2) de Hexágono Interno (HI) e Grupo três (3) de Cone Morse (CM). No interior de cada implante foi pipetado volume ou quantidade proporcional ao seu espaço interno uma solução de corante azul de Evan. Após a colocação do corante no interior dos implantes, os abutments ou intermediários foram acoplados e aparafusados com torque de vinte (20) Ncm, através do torquímetro de Gauge (Tohnichi), e estes depositados individualmente em micro tubos de cor âmbar na condição de intermediários voltados para baixo. Segui/se imediatamente a colocação de (1)ml de água deionizada. A seguir os tubos foram fechados hermeticamente e posicionados numa mesa suporte para microtubos e foram armazernados por 24 horas, sem agitação. Posteriormente foram agitados por 10 minutos com movimentos uniformes em mesa agitadora e a partir deste momento iniciou/se a coleta de uma pequena quantidade de água de cada micro tubo onde por sua vez estas amostras foram analisadas por absorbância através do método de fotometria, espectrofotometria, onde mostraram o extravasamento da solução do corante azul de Evan nos sistemas de implantes usados. Do inicio da coleta das amostras no tempo de (24 horas) até a condição no terceiro dia ou setenta e duas horas, os três sistemas não mostraram/se alterações estatisticamente significantes. A partir do tempo quarto dia ou 96 h., no sistema do grupo Cone Morse, revelou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o grupo HE e HI. Os resultados foram tabulados e o teste estatístico Anova há dois critérios e aplicados a eles o teste Tukey comparação entre todos, com o nível de significância de p<0.05. Os resultados do teste de vinte e quatro (24); quarenta e oito (48), setenta e duas (72), não havendo diferenças estatisticamente significantes, ao passo que no período de noventa e seis (96) e cento e quarenta e quatro(144) horas, mostrou a solução do corante de azul de Evan do sistema CM, o xtravasamento estatisticamente significante maior do que nos grupos HE e HI. Conclui/se, portanto, que houve extravasamento nos três sistemas na condição inicial. No tempo 96 houve um maior extravasamento do sistema CM perpetuando até o final do experimento, mostrando-se estaticamente diferente em relação aos sistemas HE e HI. / Research and studies seek to evaluate the capacity of adaptation and sealing between the implant-intermediate connections of different dental implant systems. It has recently been observed that in implants with screw-retained abutments, various phenomena, such as screw4 loosening and fracture, rotation and fracture of the abutment with bacterial penetration into the internal chambers of the implants have occurred as a result of maladaptatation at the implant-abutment interface. At the level of this region, a small space known as a microgap is described, and is a relevant factor in remodeling of the crestal bone and peri-implant soft tissue health in the long term. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extravasation of Evans blue dye solution in three types of implants and their respective intermediates during a period of six (6) days, every twenty-four (24) hours, with an interval in one hundred and wenty (120) hours, by means of agitation provided by an agitating table. To do this, thirty (30) implants were used, ten (10) of each type, with their respective prosthetic intermediates and mini-abutments, divided into groups as follows: Group One (1) External Hexagon implants (EH), Group Two (2) Internal Hexagon (IH) and Group three (3) Morse Cone (MC). Into the interior of each implant, Evans blue dye solution was inserted with a pipette in a volume or quantity proportional to its internal space. After the dye was put into the implants, the abutments or intermediates were coupled and the screws tightened to a torque of twenty (20) Ncm, with a Gauge torque meter (Tohnichi), and they were individually deposited in amber-colored microtubes positioned so that the intermediates faced downwards. This was immediately followed by the placement of (1)ml of deionized water. Next, the tubes were hermetically closed and placed on a table with a microtube holder and stored for 24 hours, without agitation. Afterwards they were agitated for 10 minutes on an agitating table making uniform movements and from then on, a small quantity of water began to be collected from each microtube, where in turn these samples were analyzed by absorbance method of photometry, spectrophotometry, in which they showed the extravasation of the Evans blue dye solution in the implant system used. From the beginning of sample collection at the time of (24hours) until the condition on the third day or at seventy-two hours, the three systems showed no statistically significant alterations. From the fourth day, or at the time of 96 h., in the Morse Cone Group system, statistically significant differences were revealed between Group EH and IH. The results were tabulated and the ANOVA statistical test for two criteria and the Tukey test were applied for comparison among all the groups, with a level of significance of p<0.05. The results of the twenty-four-hour (24); forty-eight (48), seventy-two hour tests (72), there were no statistically significant differences, whereas in the period of ninety-six (96) and one hundred and forty-four (144) hours, showed the Evans blue dye solution extravasation from the MC system to be greater with statistical significance than in Groups EH and IH. It was therefore concluded that there was extravasation in the three systems in the initial condition. At the time of 96 there was greater extravasation from the MC system, which was perpetuated up to the end of the experiment, showing it to differ statistically in comparison with the EH and IH systems.

Brain and central nervous cancer presents a significant clinical burden, accounting for 2.4% of all cancer deaths. High grade glioma is particularly deadly, with 5 year survival times of 35% or less. Traditional treatment includes tumor resection followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Aggressive resection is essential in order to prolong patient life. In fact, several studies have shown that life expectancy increases with increased extent of resection. Extent of resection is burdened by the fact that surgeons must be careful not to remove functional brain tissue. Resection is incomplete more often than not due to lack of visual cues for the surgeon. He must rely on tactile sensation to distinguish tumor from healthy tissue. Methods such as intraoperative MRI and CT exist, but these require expensive equipment and special training that is not available in all surgical environments. Some laboratories have proposed small molecule dyes to solve this problem, but these are insufficient when used in an invasive tumor model. It was the goal of this research to provide an objective cue in the form of a nanoencapsulated visible dye without the need for additional equipment of changes to the surgery process itself other than injection of the dye. We hypothesized that the nanocarrier would allow staining of the tumor through passive targeting by taking advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Once the nanocarriers have reached the desired target, they would not diffuse out into healthy tissue due to their large size compared to small molecule dyes, which readily diffuse out and stain healthy tissue. To test this hypothesis, we prepared and characterized a liposomal nanocarrier encapsulating Evans blue dye. The nanocarrier was tested for safety in vitro and in vivo, then used to delineate tumor margins in an invasive rat glioma model in vivo. Microscopic analysis was then conducted to ensure only tumor tissue was stained by the nanocarrier. This thesis presents a successful method of tumor border delineation to provide surgeons with positive visual cues without the need for changes in surgical environment or techniques.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a 20% mortality rate and a 10-15% rate of resultant permanent disability. The consequences of TBI range from brief loss of consciousness, to prolonged coma or death. Mild TBI is amongst the common causes of admission to trauma centers all over the world. Future technologies such as magnetic resonance elastography and robotic surgery demand information about the physical properties of brain tissue. Walsh and Schettini described the mechanical behavior of brain tissue under normal status as nonlinear viscoelastic behavior and defined the associated biomechanical changes and responses in a quantitative measurement of the material changes. Yet, there is still a lack of data concerning time-dependent deformation and mechanical property changes associated with TBI. My goal in this project was to describe these mechanical responses and to create a system for measuring and evaluating the mechanical response of brain tissue in vivo. This was to be achieved by inducing cortical contusions with a calibrated weight-drop method in seventy-four young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Instrumented indentation was performed on control brains and 1 hour to 3 weeks after contusion with intact dura using a 4-mm-diameter flat punch indenter to a maximum depth of 1.2 mm at loading. Loading rates did not exceed 0.34 N/min and 1.2 mm/min. In order to obtain force displacement data, we studied the elastic response of the traumatized brain tissue and the deformation process (creep) during the loading and unloading of indenter. After euthanasia, the brain was removed and evaluated histologically with different methods to reveal acute and chronic changes related to the contusion. The results revealed that the biomechanical properties of the brain tissue were changed after cortical contusion. Brain tissue elasticity decreased in the edematous brain at one day following the contusion and increased at 3 weeks, in association with reactive astroglial changes. This experimental technique, combined with mathematical modeling, might eventually lead to a better understanding of the physical changes in brain following TBI.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a 20% mortality rate and a 10-15% rate of resultant permanent disability. The consequences of TBI range from brief loss of consciousness, to prolonged coma or death. Mild TBI is amongst the common causes of admission to trauma centers all over the world. Future technologies such as magnetic resonance elastography and robotic surgery demand information about the physical properties of brain tissue. Walsh and Schettini described the mechanical behavior of brain tissue under normal status as nonlinear viscoelastic behavior and defined the associated biomechanical changes and responses in a quantitative measurement of the material changes. Yet, there is still a lack of data concerning time-dependent deformation and mechanical property changes associated with TBI. My goal in this project was to describe these mechanical responses and to create a system for measuring and evaluating the mechanical response of brain tissue in vivo. This was to be achieved by inducing cortical contusions with a calibrated weight-drop method in seventy-four young adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Instrumented indentation was performed on control brains and 1 hour to 3 weeks after contusion with intact dura using a 4-mm-diameter flat punch indenter to a maximum depth of 1.2 mm at loading. Loading rates did not exceed 0.34 N/min and 1.2 mm/min. In order to obtain force displacement data, we studied the elastic response of the traumatized brain tissue and the deformation process (creep) during the loading and unloading of indenter. After euthanasia, the brain was removed and evaluated histologically with different methods to reveal acute and chronic changes related to the contusion. The results revealed that the biomechanical properties of the brain tissue were changed after cortical contusion. Brain tissue elasticity decreased in the edematous brain at one day following the contusion and increased at 3 weeks, in association with reactive astroglial changes. This experimental technique, combined with mathematical modeling, might eventually lead to a better understanding of the physical changes in brain following TBI.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiano_gs_me_jabo.pdf: 778732 bytes, checksum: c2e3587b8838e9676707fe996742c881 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho, investigou-se a cinética das alterações vasculares e celulares na aerocistite, induzida pela inoculação da Aeromonas hydrophila inativada em Piaractus mesopotamicus e inibição da atividade enzimática da fosfolipase A2 e ciclooxigenase na inflamação aguda. Para tanto, foram utilizadas a indometacina, meloxicam e a dexametasona, aplicados por via parenteral, 30 minutos antes do estímulo lesivo. As alterações de permeabilidade vascular foram avaliadas nos tempos de 30, 90, 120, 180 e 240 minutos pós-estímulo, observando-se que o máximo da exsudação plasmática ocorre com 180 MPE. O pré-tratamento com indometacina ou meloxicam, neste tempo, inibiu significativamente o aumento de permeabilidade vascular e a dexametasona apresentou um bloqueio mais precoce e efetivo do que os outros AINES, inibindo nos tempos de 120 e 180 MPE. O exsudato celular inflamatório foi avaliado seis, 24 e 48 horas após estímulo, verificando-se que a inoculação da bactéria causou aumento progressivo do acúmulo de células, atingindo o máximo após 24 HPE, sendo maior que nos outros grupos estudados. Neste tempo, verificou-se que todas as drogas testadas foram efetivas para a redução significativa do acúmulo celular. A contagem diferencial das células presentes no foco inflamado demonstrou predomínio de linfócitos e trombócitos, seguida de macrófagos e granulócitos, com acúmulo mais tardio destas últimas. O pré-tratamento com indometacina e dexametasona causou bloqueio no acúmulo de todas as células identificadas. Os resultados demonstraram que, entre as diferentes doses de cada droga testada, não foram observadas diferenças significativas. As avaliações sugeriram que os eicosanoides, assim como acontece em mamíferos, participam ativamente dos fenômenos vasculares e têm papel relevante na quimiotaxia de leucócitos / In this teaching we investigated the kinetics of vascular and cellular changes in aerocistite induced by inoculation of inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila in Piaractus mesopotamicus and pharmacological effect of the enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase in acute inflammation. To this end, we used indomethacin, meloxicam and dexamethasone, applied intraparenteral 30 minutes before stimulation harmful. Changes in vascular permeability were evaluated in 30, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes post-stimulation, we observed that the maximum plasma exudation occurs with 180 MPE and pretreatment with indomethacin or meloxicam at this time significantly inhibited the increase vascular permeability and dexamethasone had a lock early and effective than other NSAIDs inhibited at 120 and 180MPE. The cellular inflammatory exudate was assessed with six, 24 and 48 hours after stimulation, verifying that the bacteria caused a progressive increase in accumulation of cells, peaking at 24 HPE, higher than the other groups analyzed, and this time all tested drugs were effective in significantly reducing the buildup. The differential count of cells present in the exudate showed a predominance of lymphocytes and thrombocytes, and granulocyte macrophage followed with a later accumulation of the latter. Pretreatment with indomethacin and dexamethasone caused a blockage in the migration of all cells evaluated. The results showed that among the different doses of each drug tested was not observed any significant difference. Analysis of those exposed, suggest that eicosanoids, with in mammals, participate actively in the vascular phenomena and has important role in chemotaxis of leukocytes in acute inflammatory process induced by A. hydrophila in pacu

Resumo: Neste trabalho, investigou-se a cinética das alterações vasculares e celulares na aerocistite, induzida pela inoculação da Aeromonas hydrophila inativada em Piaractus mesopotamicus e inibição da atividade enzimática da fosfolipase A2 e ciclooxigenase na inflamação aguda. Para tanto, foram utilizadas a indometacina, meloxicam e a dexametasona, aplicados por via parenteral, 30 minutos antes do estímulo lesivo. As alterações de permeabilidade vascular foram avaliadas nos tempos de 30, 90, 120, 180 e 240 minutos pós-estímulo, observando-se que o máximo da exsudação plasmática ocorre com 180 MPE. O pré-tratamento com indometacina ou meloxicam, neste tempo, inibiu significativamente o aumento de permeabilidade vascular e a dexametasona apresentou um bloqueio mais precoce e efetivo do que os outros AINES, inibindo nos tempos de 120 e 180 MPE. O exsudato celular inflamatório foi avaliado seis, 24 e 48 horas após estímulo, verificando-se que a inoculação da bactéria causou aumento progressivo do acúmulo de células, atingindo o máximo após 24 HPE, sendo maior que nos outros grupos estudados. Neste tempo, verificou-se que todas as drogas testadas foram efetivas para a redução significativa do acúmulo celular. A contagem diferencial das células presentes no foco inflamado demonstrou predomínio de linfócitos e trombócitos, seguida de macrófagos e granulócitos, com acúmulo mais tardio destas últimas. O pré-tratamento com indometacina e dexametasona causou bloqueio no acúmulo de todas as células identificadas. Os resultados demonstraram que, entre as diferentes doses de cada droga testada, não foram observadas diferenças significativas. As avaliações sugeriram que os eicosanoides, assim como acontece em mamíferos, participam ativamente dos fenômenos vasculares e têm papel relevante na quimiotaxia de leucócitos / Abstract: In this teaching we investigated the kinetics of vascular and cellular changes in aerocistite induced by inoculation of inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila in Piaractus mesopotamicus and pharmacological effect of the enzymatic activity of phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase in acute inflammation. To this end, we used indomethacin, meloxicam and dexamethasone, applied intraparenteral 30 minutes before stimulation harmful. Changes in vascular permeability were evaluated in 30, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes post-stimulation, we observed that the maximum plasma exudation occurs with 180 MPE and pretreatment with indomethacin or meloxicam at this time significantly inhibited the increase vascular permeability and dexamethasone had a lock early and effective than other NSAIDs inhibited at 120 and 180MPE. The cellular inflammatory exudate was assessed with six, 24 and 48 hours after stimulation, verifying that the bacteria caused a progressive increase in accumulation of cells, peaking at 24 HPE, higher than the other groups analyzed, and this time all tested drugs were effective in significantly reducing the buildup. The differential count of cells present in the exudate showed a predominance of lymphocytes and thrombocytes, and granulocyte macrophage followed with a later accumulation of the latter. Pretreatment with indomethacin and dexamethasone caused a blockage in the migration of all cells evaluated. The results showed that among the different doses of each drug tested was not observed any significant difference. Analysis of those exposed, suggest that eicosanoids, with in mammals, participate actively in the vascular phenomena and has important role in chemotaxis of leukocytes in acute inflammatory process induced by A. hydrophila in pacu / Orientador: Flávio Ruas de Moraes / Coorientador: Marco Antonio de Andrade Belo / Banca: Rogério Salvador / Banca: Marileda Bonafim Carvalho / Mestre

No description available.

O fitoplâncton é sensível às perturbações ambientais e identificar a viabilidade destes organismos é importante para o monitoramento aquático. O termo viabilidade tem sido usado neste contexto para determinar basicamente se o organismo está vivo ou morto. O uso de corantes vitais e mortais tem sido uma das técnicas aplicadas neste tipo de análise, mas ainda não se conhece a potencialidade de alguns corantes que se apliquem a espécies de fitoplâncton. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas espécies de diferentes grupos taxonômicos mantidas em cultivo, as quais foram submetidas a uma série de corantes vitais e mortais com o objetivo de detectar a viabilidade do fitoplâcton marinho. Dentre os corantes testados, o vermelho neutro, azul de Evans e o fluorescente CMFDA tiveram os melhores resultados (observado x esperado) em testes com diferentes porcentagens de células vivas e mortas. A combinação entre o corante vital vermelho neutro e o mortal azul de Evans não foi efetiva para análise simultânea. Alexandrium tamiyavanichii foi a espécie que teve menor afinidade com os corantes. Também foram comparados diferentes métodos de observação e registro de células coradas e não coradas, provando que é possível substituir a observação direta da microscopia pela filmagem no microscópio ou pela FlowCAM. A vantagem do uso destes métodos é que além de serem mais rápidos, é possível salvar as imagens capturadas e não é necessário fazer a análise instantaneamente. O método da filmagem é vantajoso, pois é fácil de ser desenvolvido em qualquer laboratório. / Phytoplankton cells are sensitive to environmental perturbations and, therefore, identifying their viability is important for aquatic monitoring. The term viability has been used in this context to determine whether an organism is alive or dead. The use of vital and mortal stains to detect phytoplankton viability is a promising approach. In this study we investigated the efficiency of several vital and mortal dyes in detecting marine phytoplankton viability. Best results were achieved with neutral red, Evans blue and the fluorescent stain in tests with different percentages of live and dead cells. The combination of neutral red and Evans blue (vital and a mortal stains, respectively) was not effective in simultaneous analysis. Alexandrium tamiyavanichii had low affinity for any given stain. Different observational methods were compared, suggesting that direct microscopic counts can be replaced by image acquisition methods using either a microscope-mounted camera or a FlowCAM. Such imaging methods are fast, allow image archiving, and image processing can be performed on a later stage, which is useful when several experiments need to be run in a short period of time.