Syftet med studien är att belysa studenters copingprocesser, d.v.s. appraisal och copingstrategier, inför examinationsformerna salstentamen och hemtentamen. En intervjustudie genomfördes med åtta kvinnliga studenter inom samma program på en högskola i Sverige. Data analyserades med induktiv tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att examinationer oavsett form skapar stress, även om studenterna inte upplever en hemtentamen som lika hotfull eller utmanande som en salstentamen. Den tid som studenterna har till förfogande under de olika tentamina och hur de utvärderar examinationsformerna visade sig ha stor betydelse för de copingstrategier som används både inför och under hem- och salstentamen. En av de större skillnaderna visade sig vara hur studenterna studerar inför de olika tentamina. / The purpose of this study is to highlight students' copingprocesses, i.e., appraisal and coping strategies, for written exam and take-home exam. Interviews were conducted with eight female students within the same program at a university in Sweden. Data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The results showed that examinations regardless of form create stress, even if the students do not experience a take-home exam as equally threatening or challenging as a written exam. The time that students have available during the different exams and the primary appraisal of the examination proved to be very important for the coping strategies used both before and during the exam. One of the major differences proved to be how students study for the different exams.

This research uses data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to determine dietary and other factors associated with serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D concentration for 5,474 adults age 20 years and older. After multivariate adjustment, we found that serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D concentration was positively associated with diets high in fruits, vegetables, and lean meats, while diets high in processed foods and high-fat meats were inversely associated with vitamin D level. Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D concentration was also signifi-cantly associated with age, gender, race/ethnicity, BMI, physical activity, supplementation, and the season of survey administration. Self-reported cardiovascular and kidney disease were significantly associated with serum 25 (OH)-Vitamin D concentration after adjustment for significant confounders.

The inspiration for the present studies was the learning concept that used professional patients (PP) as instructors for medical students in learning how to perfom the pelvic examination (PE). Interviews performed with women who were PPs showed that they experienced a continuous beneficial increase in knowledge. This promoted personal development related to bodily awareness and affirmed their femininity, making them less vulnerable and reversing their approach to their own body of being an object to becoming a subject. The growing ability to contribute to students’ learning and the feeling of being valuable enhanced the PPs self-esteem and well-being and promoted independence in the learning situation. Being a PP was rewarding and contributed to the feeling of being empowered and growing as a woman in the examination chair. Two models of teaching the PE to medical students were compared: with PPs or with clinical patients (CP). The outcome showed that the PP students were more skilful in palpating the terus and ovaries and performed more PEs during the clinical clerkship than did CP students. Female and male medical students were interviewed after they had performed their first PE with PPs as instructors. The female students’ most obvious concern was about looking and touching another women’s vulva whereas male students were concerned about how to establish rapport with the PP. The interactive and supportive feedback from the PPs enabled the students to overcome their hesitation and encouraged creative learning of interpersonal and palpation skills. The LS positively enhanced the female students’ awareness of own bodies and promoted a deeper interest in PEs, both as an examiner and as patients. The male students became aware of the importance of creating a beneficial interaction with the woman and gained an insight into a previously “unknown” female world that deepened their understanding of women’s possible vulnerability during a PE. Women at an outpatient clinic participated in individual LSs about the female anatomy and the PE, and performed a PE on a mannequin prior to visiting the gynaecologist. Following the visit interviews were performed to gain a deeper understanding of the impact of the LS. The womens’ active participation during the LS generated increased self-confidence and knowledge, triggered emowerment and promoted a creative ability to interact subsequently during their own PE. Part of the studies involved developing a questionnaire to measure the fear of performing the pelvic examination, the Fear of Pelvic Examination Scale (F-PEXS). The questionnaire was shown to have a very good reliability (e.g. Cronbach alpha is .96) and good construct validity. Engaging voluntary, healthy and knowledgeable women as instructors in the PE situation creates a safe and ethical learning environment and promotes interaction with students. Immediate constructive feedback enables students to integrate communication and behavioural skills in a professional manner whilst learning to palpate the uterus, facilitating an inner security as a future examiner. The learning sessions were of benefit to the PPs, the female students in the PP model, and the women in the clinical study. The acquired knowledge started something positive within the women; a will to act and find out more about themselves. The LSs initiated empowerment in the sense that an empowered person has increased capacity to act in goal-directed ways.

ABSTRACT Titel: Påverkar revisionsbyråernas arbete med kompetensutveckling medarbetarnas resultat på revisorsexamen? Nivå: C-uppsats i företagsekonomi Författare: Gabriella Isaksson, Sofie Wallberg Handledare: Per-Arne Wikström Datum: 2013-03-21 Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva hur revisionsbyråerna kan arbeta med olika kompetensutvecklingsåtgärder för att få sina anställda att lyckas på revisorsexamen och därmed bli godkända revisorer. Metod: Vi studerade teorier om kompetensutveckling och undersökte hur revisionsbyråerna arbetade med olika kompetensutvecklingsåtgärder. Efter detta utvecklade vi en modell som var anpassad efter revisionsbyråernas arbete med kompetensutveckling. Vi genomförde sedan en enkätundersökning bestående av både öppna och slutna frågor med tentander från Big-4 byråer som skrivit revisorsexamen med godkänt resultat hösten 2011 eller våren 2012. Resultat & slutsats: Det visade sig att ett flertal kompetensutvecklingsfaktorer, bland annat utbildning och uppföljning, varit betydelsefulla för tentandernas prestation på revisorsexamen. Andra åtgärder, såsom utvecklingssamtal och mentorskap, var inte betydelsefulla för själva prestationen, utan hade större betydelse i andra sammanhang. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Undersöka vilken påverkan kompetensutvecklingsåtgärderna har på prestationen "högre revisorsexamen". Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse om vilken inverkan olika kompetensutvecklingsåtgärder har på prestationen på revisorsexamen och ger därmed revisionsbyråerna en möjlighet att genom planering hjälpa sina anställda till att nå ett godkänt resultat på revisorsexamen. Nyckelord: Kompetens, oberoende, kompetensutveckling, revisorsexamen, godkänd revisor. / ABSTRACT Title: Does the auditor firms work with competence development affecton the employees results on auditor exam? Level: Final assignment for Bachelor's Degree in Business Administration Author: Gabriella Isaksson, Sofie Wallberg Supervisor: Per-Arne Wikström Date: 2013-03-21 Aim: The purpose is to describe how accountancy firms can work with competence development activities to make their employees to succeed on auditor examination and become approved auditors. Method: We studied the theories of competence development and examined how accounting firms work with competence development. We also developed a model tailored to their work and carried out a survey consisting of both openand closed questions to examinees from the Big-4 firms who wrote an accountant exam with passing grade during the autumn of 2011 or spring of 2012.  Result & Conclusions: It turned out that a number of competence development factors, including education and monitoring, were significant for examinees performance on auditor examination. Other factors, such as performance reviews and coaching, was not significant for the performance but was more significant in other contexts. Suggestions for future research: Examine the impact of competence development for "higher auditor examination". Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes to a better understanding of the impact that the different competence development has on the performance of the auditor examination and gives accounting firms an opportunity and tools to help their employees to achieve a passing grade through planning. Key words: Competence, independence, competence development, auditor examination, approved auditor.

Flyingfish has significant meaning on three different dimensions: ecology, culture and fisheries at Kuroshio off Taiwan. However, the figures of catch dropped nearly 60% in 2006-2007, which has led scientist to pay more attention on the sustainability of resources for the species. On the other hand, with little knowledge of reproductive biology and life history of the species, it is difficult to change the situation. Reproductive biology is an important basic study, which is to discover the life history of a species ,also it assesses changes in their resources and reproductive potential. Cypselurus poecilopterus is the most important dominant species in Kuroshio waters of Taiwan, and also an economical species. The reproductive biological study of Cypselurus poecilopterus would be great benefit on further studies. This study performed from April 2008 to June 2010, sampling from diverse areas, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien, Ilan and Ludao, collected total 2174 individuals, including 1756 males, 418 females and 7 were unable to identify. Fork length (FL) range from 15.2cm ~ 22.1cm. All samples were measured by the total length (TL), fork length (FL), body weight (BW) and other data, and the gonadal histological examination, and the female sex ratio, gonadosomatic index (GSI), condition factor (CF). The results shows that only 5% of female with fork length less than 18.5cm, while more than 80% with more than 20.5cm; via gonadal histological examination, the occyte development can be divided into chromatin-nucleolus stage, peri- nucleolus stage, yolk stage, migratory nucleus stage and ripe egg stage, five stages. When female GSI is greater than 4, it reaches matured, and the fork length of the smallest matured individual is 16.3cm, average length at 50% sexual maturity was estimated to be 18.6 cm FL for female; the annual reproductive period is April to August, and the monthly female sex ratio seems like would be raise with the closing of reproductive period. Fecundity is about 13000 ~ 36000; Cypselurus poecilopterus is estimated to be simultaneous mature species by the gonadal histological examination and egg diameter measurements.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of student self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, state and dispositional hope, and state and trait anxiety in predicting university entrance examination (UEE) scores of students. The participants of the study consisted of 786 (442 males, 344 females) volunteered students who were in the course of preparation preparing for the university entrance examination at &Ccedil / ati, Final, Karacan, Odak, Sinav, and Zafer Private Courses in Ankara. The data were gathered by administering six instruments, namely College Academic Self-efficacy Scale (CASES), College Student Self-efficacy Scale (CSSES), State Hope Scale (SHS), Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS), State Anxiety Inventory (SAI), and Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI). The results of three separate regression analyses revealed different models for the quantitative, equally weighted, and language samples. For the quantitative sample, Anatolian High School-type, Super Lycee school-type, Learning Self-efficacy subscale scores of CSSES, Private High School, Academic Self-efficacy subscale scores of CASES, State Anxiety Inventory scores, Career Planning subscale scores of CSSES, Characteristics of a Good Citizen subscale scores of CASES, Agentic Thinking subscale scores of SHS, and Income level of the family predicted the university entrance examination scores. For the equally weighted sample, the predictor variables entered into the regression equation were Anatolian High School-type, Super Lycee school-type, Academic Self-efficacy subscale scores of CASES, Academic Helping Efficacy subscale scores of CASES, Quantitative Self-efficacy subscale scores of CASES, Pathways subscale scores of DHS, and Agency subscale scores of SHS. For the language sample, Communication Efficacy subscale scores of CSSES, Super Lycee, Anatolian High School, Private High School, Agentic Thinking subscale scores of SHS, Career Planning Self-efficacy subscale scores of CSSES, and Social Self-efficacy subscale scores of CASES were found as the predictor variables entered into the regression equation.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of West Florida, 2009. / Submitted to the Dept. of Professional and Community Leadership. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 85 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Bakgrund I Sverige ökar antalet insjuknanden i bröstcancer årligen. Diagnostisering med hjälp av mammografi och självundersökning bidrar till tidig upptäckt av cancertumörer vilket ger bättre prognos. För att alla kvinnor ska självundersöka brösten och gå på erbjuden mammografi är kunskap om bröstcancer en god förutsättning. Syfte Syftet med denna forskningsstudie var att undersöka kvinnors kunskap om bröstcancer och självundersökning av brösten. Syftet var också att undersöka huruvida sådan kunskap skiljer sig mellan kvinnor i och utanför det nationella screeningsprogrammet för bröstcancer samt huruvida det finns en skillnad i förekomst av självundersökning. Hänsyn togs även till de eventuella faktorer i kvinnornas bakgrund och vanor som kan ha en inverkan på resultatet. Metod En empirisk studie med kvantitativ ansats. Datainsamling genomfördes via enkäter, vilka besvarades av 130 kvinnliga deltagare. Enkäterna syftade till att undersöka kvinnornas vanor kring självundersökning och mammografi, demografisk bakgrund samt kunskap om bröstcancer. Resultat Resultatet av kunskapstestet visar att kvinnor har god kunskap om bröstcancer och självundersökning då över 80% av kvinnorna svarade rätt på 10 av 14 frågor. En signifikant skillnad i kunskapen mellan de två grupperna kunde ses i en fråga. Fler kvinnor i screeninggruppen än utanför screeninggruppen som utfört självundersökning av brösten. Flera faktorer i kvinnornas bakgrund och vanor hade en påverkan på kunskapen. Slutsats Kunskapen om bröstcancer bland deltagarna i studien var god. Kunskapen mellan kvinnor i och utanför screeningprogrammet skilde sig i få områden. Förekomsten av självundersökning var högre av kvinnor som erhållit undervisning från skola och/eller sjukvård. Därav behövs fortsatt utbildning inom det aktuella området för att främja kvinnors hälsa. / Background In Sweden and the number of breast cancer diagnosis is increasing annually. Diagnosis using mammography and breast self-examination contributes to the early detection of cancerous tumors, which gives a better prognosis. In order to get all women to self-examine their breasts and to get the offered mammography, knowledge about breast cancer is a good precondition. Aim The purpose of this research study was to investigate women's knowledge about breast health and breast self-examination. The aim was also to investigate whether such knowledge differ between women in and outside the national screening program for breast cancer and whether there is a difference in the incidence of self- examination. Consideration was also taken of the potential factors in the women's background and habits that may have an impact on earnings. Methods An empirical study with a quantitative approach. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires, which were answered by an amount of 130 female participants. The questionnaires aimed to investigate women's habits related to self- examination and mammography, demographic background and knowledge of breast cancer. Results The results of the knowledge test shows that women have a good knowledge about breast cancer and self-examination, since over 80% of women answered correctly in 10 out of 14 questions. A significant difference in knowledge between the two groups was seen in a query. There were more women in the screening group than in the non-screening group who performed breast self-examination. Several factors in women's history and habits had an influence on their knowledge. Conclusion Knowledge about breast health among the study participants was overall good. The knowledge among women in and outside the screening program differed in few areas. The prevalence of self-examination was higher among women who received instruction from school and/or medical care. Therefore continued education within the area is necessary in order to promote women's health.

This research identified and evaluated possible uses of environmental monitoring data collected and reported by industrial facilities under the Clean Water Act requirements and determined whether the current regulatory system supported any of those uses. Federal policies and state-level policies in the United States, Florida, and California were evaluated in order to determine whether the current regulatory system supported any of the identified uses. Monitoring programs and currently available monitoring data were evaluated from Hillsborough County, Florida, and Los Angeles County, California, from the perspective of 1) the current implementation of the monitoring program, and 2) perfect implementation under full compliance with the monitoring program. Four possible uses for monitoring data were identified by this research: (1) identification of high polluting facilities within a given jurisdiction, (2) assessment of pollutant load to receiving waterbodies, (3) documentat ion of improvement over time in the amount of pollutants discharged from a given industrial facility, (4) self-evaluation purposes, such as identifying on-site pollutant sources, adapting pollution prevention efforts, and evaluating the monitoring protocol. The research conducted a telephone survey and evaluated industrial facilities' reported analytical monitoring data. Telephone questionnaires were administered to 63 industrial facilities, and analytical monitoring data were obtained from industrial facilities in Hillsborough County, Florida and Los Angeles County California. The representativeness, sampling frequency and variation in the industrial facilities' analytical monitoring data do not assist in the identification of high polluting facilities within a given jurisdiction nor provide for documentation of facilities' improvements. Pollutant loads to receiving watebodies can not be assessed through the use of industrial facilities' analytical monitoring data because of the sampl e measurement, variation, and sample frequency of the data. Therefore, these uses can not be supported under current implementation/current data submitted or under perfect compliance. However, the telephone survey revealed facility operators are attempting to use the results from monitoring for self evaluation purposes.