Glaukom är en vanligt förekommande kronisk åldersrelateradögonsjukdom som påverkar synfunktionen och innebär oftast enlivslång ögondroppsbehandling. Det är av stor vikt att patientermed glaukom gör regelbundna datorsynfältsundersökningar för attfå en god uppskattning av sjukdomsförloppet. Patienter medglaukom uttrycker att datorsynfältsundersökningen är obehagligoch mer ansträngande och krävande än andra syntester. Fråganväcks hur ögonsjuksköterskor på bästa sätt kan stödja patienternamed undersökningen och motivera dem att genomföra den. Syftetmed studien var att beskriva vilket behov av stöd patienter medglaukom har i samband med sitt besök på ögonklinik då degenomgår en datorsynfältsundersökning och vilket stöd de får avögonsjuksköterskor. Studien har en deskriptiv kvalitativ designmed semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod ochdata bearbetades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studieninnefattade intervjuer med fyra patienter med glaukom som fickbehandling med trycksänkande ögondroppar. Resultatet visade påtre kategorier; information, miljö och bemötande. I kategorininformation beskrevs behovet av information före och efterundersökningen och det stöd i form av information somögonsjuksköterskorna gav. I kategorin miljö skildrades behovet avmindre upplevd tidspress och mer tid för samtal och hurögonsjuksköterskor önskades förhålla sig under undersökningenför att skapa en lugn miljö för patienterna. Den sista kategorin varbemötande vilket belyste exempel på det stöd somögonsjuksköterskorna gav i mötet med patienterna. Mer kunskapom hur vårdpersonal kan ge bättre stöd åt patienter i samband medsynfältsundersökning är av betydelse för både patienter ochvårdenhet. Bättre omvårdnad kan leda till effektivare och merindividanpassad vård för patienterna. / Glaucoma is a common chronic age-related eye disease that affectsvisual function and usually leads to a life- long treatment with eyedrops to lower the intraocular pressure. It is very important thatpatients with glaucoma regularly perform visual field tests to getan estimation of the progression of the disease. Patients withglaucoma express visual field examinations as unpleasant andmore exhausting and demanding than other eye examinations. Thequestion raised how ophthalmic nurses in eye- care can supportpatients performing the tests and motivate them to accomplish.The aim of the study was to describe the need of support patientswith glaucoma was associated with during the visit to the eyeclinic when they undergo a visual field examination and whichsupport they get from the nurses. The study has a descriptivequalitative design using semi-structured interviews as datacollection and data were processed on the basis of qualitativecontent analysis. The study included interviews with four patientswho were treated with eye drops due to glaucoma. The resultsrevealed three categories: information, environment and location.Within the category of information, the need of information beforeand after the visual field test was described but also the support thenurses gave in terms of information was defined. Concerning thecategory of environment the need of less perceived time pressure,more time for talks and how nurses relate the survey to create apeaceful environment for the patients was declared. The lastcategory highlighted examples of the support which nurses gave inthe meeting with the patients. More knowledge about how healthprofessionals can provide better support to patients in the contextof visual field examination is of importance for both patients andhealth care. Better nursing can lead to more effective andindividualized care for patients.

This dissertation formulates and describes a type of thinking called critical-reflective thinking. Examples of critical-reflective thinking appear in the works of many major Western philosophical figures, including the main thinkers considered here, Plato, Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, and Henry David Thoreau. Although this list of thinkers is eclectic, these philosophers come together in describing a common phenomenon, although they do not thematically designate or explain it. Their works illustrate a type of thinking in which people are invited by prompting events to consider their presuppositions—notions they have taken as true without prior consideration. I have deemed this phenomenon “critical-reflective thinking” to emphasize its dimensions of self-reflection and critical consideration. By exploring examples from the works of the authors listed above (among others, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Elaine Scarry), I formulate critical-reflective thinking as a specific phenomenon. In Chapter One, I formulate this important type of human thought by describing its occurrence, especially the invitation of the prompt and the disclosure and examination of presuppositions. In Chapter Two, this dissertation explicates the value of taking part in this type of thinking. Since critical-reflective thinking allows people to consider previously unreflective aspects of their understanding (i.e. presuppositions), by taking part in critical-reflective thinking, people stand to grow in self-awareness and become liberated to new possible ways of seeing the world and going about life. Given the value of such growth and liberation, it is important to explore how humans can develop the practice critical-reflective thinking. Chapter Three explores strategies for cultivating critical-reflective thinking. Plato, Heidegger, Arendt, and Thoreau suggest five such strategies: spending time in solitude, taking leisure, developing an open attitude, practicing wakeful attentiveness, and acquire virtues such as humility, courage, and fortitude. Formulating and exploring the phenomenon of critical-reflective thinking not only provides a theory of a type of thinking, but also describes an important aspect of human experience. This dissertation encourages readers to consider their own experiences of thinking. It also poses the challenge of leading a more examined life by critically-reflecting on notions we often take as given.

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

The aim of this study was to describe young women's experiences of midwives/ gynaecologists treatment in connection to gynaecological examination. A further aim was to achieve a better understanding of the factors that can form the basis of the experience of treatment. A qualitative study was performed in which the participants (N=10) was Swedish-speaking women aged 18-25 years, with experience of at least one gynaecological examination. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, using an interview guide. The material was analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman´s (2004) method for qualitative content analysis. The results were presented based on the two overarching themes that were found; The importance of a confirmatory communication and A respectful and empathic approach. The twelve underlying categories represented the factors that gave rise to the experience of treatment. Under the theme The importance of a confirmatory communication, the following categories were placed: Continuous dialogue, Information, Choice of words and comments, Tone of voice, Confirmation and Non-verbal communication. The theme A respectful and empathic approach contained the following categories: Respectful, No set of values, Empathic, Responsive/conformed, Inviting and Easy-going approach. Conclusion: Women's experiences of treatment in connection to gynaecological examination were in general described in positive terms, but with some negative elements. The results of this study indicate a need for an individualized treatment which most likely should be characterized by the attitudes mentioned above. / Studiens syfte var att beskriva unga kvinnors upplevelser av barnmorskors/gynekologers bemötande i samband med gynekologisk undersökning. Vidare var syftet att uppnå en ökad kunskap för de faktorer som kan ligga till grund för upplevelsen av bemötandet. Studien var av kvalitativ ansats där deltagarna (N=10) var svensktalande kvinnor i åldrarna 18-25 år, med erfarenhet av minst en gynekologisk undersökning. Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun användes som datainsamlingsmetod, där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med hjälp av en intervjuguide. Materialet analyserades kvalitativt enligt Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) metod för innehållsanalys. Resultatet presenterades utifrån två funna övergripande teman; Betydelsen av en bekräftande kommunikation och Ett respektfullt och empatiskt förhållningssätt. De sammanlagt tolv underliggande kategorierna representerade de faktorer som låg till grund för upplevelsen av bemötandet. Under temat Betydelsen av en bekräftande kommunikation placerades följande kategorier: Kontinuerlig dialog, Information, Ordval och kommentarer, Tonfall, Bekräftelse samt Icke verbal kommunikation. Tema Ett respektfullt och empatiskt förhållningssätt utgjordes av kategorierna Respektfullt, Värderingsfritt, Empatiskt, Lyhört/anpassat, Inbjudande samt Lättsamt förhållningssätt. Slutsats: Kvinnornas upplevelser av bemötande i samband med gynekologisk undersökning beskrevs i övervägande positiva ordalag, dock med vissa negativa inslag. Studiens resultat indikerar ett behov av ett individanpassat bemötande vilket lämpligen karaktäriseras av ovan nämnda förhållningssätt.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Bakalauro darbe analizuojamas pedagogų požiūris į privalomuosius sveikatos patikrinimus ir mokymus. Tyrime dalyvavo 60 pedagogų, po 20 iš „Ringuvos“ specialiosios mokyklos, „Vijolių“ vidurinės mokyklos ir „Medelyno“ pagrindinės mokyklos. Tyrimas atliktas 2012 m. balandžio mėnesį. Anketinės apklausos metodu tirtos nuostatos į imunoprofilaktiką ir traumų profilaktiką, požiūris į profilaktinę sveikatos patikrą ir į privalomą profilaktinę saugą. / Bachelor work analyzes the educators attitude towards the mandatory health examinations and training. The investigation involved 60 pedagogues. Twenty of the "Ringuvos" special schools "Vijolių" secondary school and "Medelyno" basic school. The research was conducted on April in 2012. By using the method of the questionnaire the propertys towards vaccination and prevention of injuries were investigated. The attitudes of maintenance check-up health examinations and mandatory maintenance check-up safety was analyzed.

Zur deskriptiven Darstellung der kardiologischen Untersuchung von Golden Retrievern wurden 50 vorberichtlich und klinisch gesunde Hunde der genannten Rasse untersucht. Die Probanden erfuhren eine allgemeine klinische Untersuchung mit besonderer Beurteilung des Herz-Kreislaufsystems, eine Blutdruckmessung, eine elektrokardiografische sowie eine echokardiografische Untersuchung. Zur Abklärung systemischer Erkrankungen, die die Herz-Kreislauffunktion beeinflussen können, wurden zudem Blutuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Während der klinischen Untersuchung lag die Herzfrequenz der Probanden bei 97,7 ± 28,0 Schlägen pro Minute. Auskultatorisch konnte bei keinem der Probanden ein besonderer Befund erhoben werden. Der Blutdruck wurde bei den untersuchten Tieren mittels Doppler-Sphygmomanometrie ermittelt. Dabei ergab sich ein systolischer Blutdruck von 152,5 ± 24,0 mmHg. Vier der Golden Retriever waren mit einem systolischen Blutdruck von 200 bis 220 mmHg hypertensiv. Mehrere Hunde wiesen zudem grenzwertig hohe Blutdruckwerte zwischen 160 und 180 mmHg auf. Anhand der durchgeführten Untersuchungen konnte keine Ursache für diese systemische Hypertension gefunden werden. Folgeerscheinungen der Hypertension ließen sich nicht nachweisen. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich hierbei um eine aufregungsassoziierte kurzfristige Blutdruckerhöhung. Anhand der Laboruntersuchungen konnten geringgradige Veränderungen festgestellt werden, die allerdings keinen Einfluss auf die kardiale Funktion haben sollten. Mit Hilfe der elektrokardiografischen Untersuchung konnten keine Arrhythmien nachgewiesen werden. Acht der untersuchten 50 Hunde wurden aufgrund morphologischer pathologischer Veränderungen von der Erhebung echokardiografischer Referenzwerte ausgeschlossen, um eine Beeinflussung der Normalparameter zu verhindern. Von den Golden Retrievern mit pathologischen Veränderungen wiesen sieben eine geringgradige Subaortensstenose auf und ein Hund eine systolische Dysfunktion in Form einer okkulten dilatativen Kardiomyopathie. Anhand der durchgeführten Untersuchungen konnten echokardiografische Normalparameter für den Golden Retriever etabliert werden. Ähnliche Untersuchungen anderer Hunderassen zeigen die Wichtigkeit der Etablierung rassespezifischer Referenzwerte auf. Sieben der vorberichtlich und klinisch gesunden Golden Retriever wiesen eine geringgradige Subaortenstenose auf, einer eine okkulte Kardiomyopathie. Aufgrund der Gefahr der Vererbung der genannten Erkrankungen kann durch die vorliegende Untersuchung gezeigt werden, wie wichtig eine kardiologische Screening-Untersuchung von Golden Retrievern vor Zuchtnutzung ist.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate demographic, pre-admission, and academic variables of nursing students to identify the best predictors of success on the NCLEX-RN. A convenience sample of 237 students from Indiana Wesleyan University comprised the population for the study. User-oriented evaluation provided the conceptual framework for the study.Multiple regression analyses were used to determine relationships between the variables and success on the NCLEX-RN. Relationships were studied between variables and scores on the NCLEX-RN prior to 1988 (NCLEX 1) and success on the NCLEX-RN for the total sample (NCLEX 2).Demographic variables included age, race, marital status, and the number of semesters required to complete the program. The findings of the study evidenced no significant relationship between demographic variables and NCLEX-RN scores (NCLEX 1).Pre-admission variables included high school grade point average, Scholastic Aptitude Test math and verbal scores, advanced placement credit, and college credit prior to admission. Pre-admission variablesaverage, and scores on the National Comprehensive Nursing Achievementaccounted for 19% of the variance in scores on the NCLEX-RN.Academic variables included grade point averages in science courses, humanities courses, nursing courses, at the end of each year of study, scores on National League for Nursing Achievement Tests, and the Mosby Assess Test. Grade point averages in physical and biological sciences, in sophomore nursing courses, at the end of the freshman year, and scores on the Mosby Assess Test had a significant relationship with scores on the NCLEX-RN. Scores on the Mosby Assess Test accounted for 25% of the variance in NCLEX-RN scores. The highest prediction equation, accounting for 49% of the variance of NCLEX-RN scores, included a weighted linear composite of Scholastic Aptitude Test math scores, Mosby Assess Test scores, junior nursing course grade point League for Nursing Test.Multiple regression analyses of all variables with success on the NCLEX-RN for the total population (NCLEX 2) demonstrated no significant relationships. All findings were communicated to faculty at Indiana Wesleyan University applying the theoretical framework chosen for the study. / School of Nursing

It is necessary to assess the intellectual functioning of dementia patients. However, psychometric instruments such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - revised (WAIS-R) are often too demanding for dementia patients, precluding its utility. Clinicians and researchers have indirectly estimated a dementia patient's IQ from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). This measure is an eleven item screen instrument of global cognitive functioning. Fairly accurate estimates of IQ have been predicted using the MMSE total score.The purpose of the present study was to determine if it is possible to more accurately predict intellectual functioning when the individual MMSE items were used to predict Full Scale, Verbal, and Performance IQ using multiple regression analyses. Forty elderly dementia patients were administered both the MMSE and the WAIS-R. The MMSE total score was entered into a simple linear regression to predict FSIQ. In addition, the eleven item scores of the MMSE were entered into separate stepwise regressions to predict FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ. The increment in the amount of variance accounted for in the FSIQ between the simple and multiple regression equations were evaluated for statistical significance.The results of these investigations revealed that while the multiple regression equations using MMSE item scores predicted a significant amount of the variance in IQ, they were not statistically superior to using the MMSE total score alone. The MMSE total score was found to account for 76.2% of the variance in Full Scale IQ. The MMSE items that were found to add significantly to the variance in intellectual level accounted for 80.9 %, 75.1 %, and 73.4 % of FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ respectively. The results of the present study replicated other research that found the MMSE total score to accurately predict intellectual functioning in dementia patients. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services