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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Growth performance and digestibility in exocrine pancreatic insufficient pigs supplemented with a pancreatic enzyme preparation

Donaldson, Janine 26 May 2009 (has links)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a major complication of cystic fibrosis. Conventional treatment involves the replacement of pancreatic enzymes and intake of a low fat diet. However, contrary to previous therapeutic strategies, a high fat diet may be beneficial in EPI patients. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Creon 10 000 a pancreatic enzyme preparation, in conjunction with a high-fat diet, on growth performance, digestibility and absorption of fat in a pig model of EPI by the surgical ligation of the pancreatic duct in 6 male pigs (Swedish Landrace X Yorkshire X Hampshire). Following surgery, and for the duration of the experimental period, pigs were fed a high fat diet (twice daily). The experimental period lasted for 15 days during which blood, urine and faecal samples were collected. In the last 7 days of the experimental period (days 8-14), Creon 10 000 was included in the high fat meals. Urine and faecal samples were analysed for dry matter, crude protein and fat content. Plasma was used to assess the lipaemic index and the plasma lipid profiles. Treatment with Creon 10 000 significantly increased body mass (P = 0.016) and the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein as well as the co-efficient of fat absorption were also significantly improved following treatment (P<0.05). Creon 10 000 improved the lipaemic index values and significant changes in plasma free fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations were observed but not in cholesterol or high and low density lipoproteins. This study supports previous reports that the administration of pancreatic enzyme preparations together with a high fat meal is a beneficial strategy for the nutritional management of EPI.
2

Avaliação da insuficiência pancreática pelo teste elastase-1 fecal em pacientes pediátricos com fibrose cística portadores da mutação DF508

Gonzales, Andréa Cristina Silva January 2010 (has links)
Introdução e objetivo: Elastase-1 fecal (EL-1) é um teste não invasivo que serve para avaliar a função pancreática exócrina. Neste estudo, buscou-se avaliar e quantificar a concentração da EL-1 fecal em pacientes com Fibrose Cística (FC), portadores da mutação ΔF508, e padronizar o teste Elastase monoclonal para a população estudada. Métodos: Estudo transversal prospectivo, com pacientes portadores de FC. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes para a quantificação da concentração da EL-1fecal pelo teste ELISA. A avaliação antropométrica baseou-se no percentil de IMC para crianças de 2 a 18 anos e percentil de P/E para crianças menores de 2 anos. Foi feita uma revisão nos prontuários dos pacientes para identificar a mutação da FC e coletar informações a respeito da dose da enzima administrada. Os desfechos analisados foram a insuficiência pancreática exócrina (IP) e sua intensidade, definida pela atividade da EL-1 fecal < 200μg/g. Resultados: Cinquenta e um pacientes com idade entre 4 meses e 17 anos participaram do estudo, divididos em 3 grupos: 17 homozigotos, 17 heterozigotos e 17 não ΔF508. A média de idade foi de 9,11 anos (± 4,74) e 62,8% eram do sexo masculino. As enzimas pancreáticas foram utilizadas em 46 pacientes (90,2%). Pacientes com o teste da EL-1 fecal com valores abaixo de 100μg/g representaram um total de 80,4% (n=41), sendo 17 homozigotos (41,5%), 14 heterozigotos (34,1%) e 10 com ausência de ΔF508 (24,4%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre os homozigotos e a concentração da EL-1 fecal < 100μg/g. Todos os pacientes considerados IP pelo teste da EL-1 fecal faziam terapia de reposição enzimática (41 - 100%). Dez pacientes (19,6%) estavam com concentração da EL-1 fecal >200μg/g e, desses, 5 utilizavam enzimas pancreáticas. Onze pacientes (21,6%) apresentaram-se desnutridos, 10 (19,6%) em risco nutricional e 30 (58,8%) eutróficos. Não houve relação estatisticamente significativa entre estado nutricional, mutações e IP. Conclusões: A atividade de EL-1 fecal < 100 μg/g, indicativa de IP grave pelo teste, foi observada em 17/17 (100%) pacientes homozigotos para a mutação ΔF508 e em 14/17 (82,3%) heterozigotos para a mesma mutação. Não houve relação entre os valores de EL-1 fecal e o estado nutricional, avaliados pelo percentil do P/E para < 2 anos e percentil do IMC para >de 2 anos. O teste EL-1 fecal é de fácil execução e pode ser feito com uma pequena amostra de fezes; neste estudo, revelou-se útil na avaliação pancreática dos pacientes com FC. / Introduction and Objective: The fecal Elastase-1 (EL-1) is a noninvasive test used to assess exocrine pancreatic function. This study aims to assess and quantify the concentration of fecal Elastase -1 in patients with cystic fibrosis ΔF508 mutation carriers and to standardize the testing Elastase monoclonal test in our study group. Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis, being treated by the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Feces were collected for the quantification of Elastase concentration by ELISA. Nutritional assessment was calculated by percentile of BMI for children aged 2 to 18 years and percentile P / E for children under 2 years. Patient charts were reviewed to identify the cystic fibrosis mutation and to collect information about the dose of enzyme administered. The results analyzed were the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and its intensity, defined by the activity of fecal EL-1 <200μg/g. Results: Fifty-one patients with ages ranging from 4 months to 17 years participated in the study and were divided into 3 groups: 17 homozygotes, 17 heterozygotes and 17 non ΔF508. The average age was 9.11 years (± 4.74) and 62.8% were male. The pancreatic enzymes were used in 46 (90.2%) patients. Patients with Elastase test with values below 100μg/g represented a total of 80.4% (n = 41) and 17 (41.5%) homozygous, 14 heterozygous (34.1%) and 10 with no ΔF508 (24.4%). There was a statistically significant association between the homozygous and the concentration of fecal EL-1 <100μg/g. All patients identified as PI by the EL-1 fecal test were in enzyme replacement therapy 41 (100%). Ten patients (19.6%) had a concentration of EL-1 fecal >200 μg / g, and 5 of pancreatic enzymes used. Eleven (21.6%) patients were malnourished, 10 (19.6%) were at nutritional risk and for 30 (58.8%) the nutritional status was normal. There was no significant relationship between nutritional status, mutations and pancreatic insufficiency. Conclusion: The activity of EL Fecal -1 <100 μg/g indicative of severe PI by the test, was observed in 17/17 (100%) patients homozygous for the mutation ΔF508 and 14/17 (82.3%) heterozygous for the same mutation. There was no association between the levels of fecal EL-1 and nutritional status assessed by the percentile of the P/E < 2 years and BMI percentile for >2 years. The fecal Elastase-1 test can be easily performed with a small stool sample and proved useful in the pancreatic evaluation of patients with cystic fibrosis.
3

Avaliação da insuficiência pancreática pelo teste elastase-1 fecal em pacientes pediátricos com fibrose cística portadores da mutação DF508

Gonzales, Andréa Cristina Silva January 2010 (has links)
Introdução e objetivo: Elastase-1 fecal (EL-1) é um teste não invasivo que serve para avaliar a função pancreática exócrina. Neste estudo, buscou-se avaliar e quantificar a concentração da EL-1 fecal em pacientes com Fibrose Cística (FC), portadores da mutação ΔF508, e padronizar o teste Elastase monoclonal para a população estudada. Métodos: Estudo transversal prospectivo, com pacientes portadores de FC. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes para a quantificação da concentração da EL-1fecal pelo teste ELISA. A avaliação antropométrica baseou-se no percentil de IMC para crianças de 2 a 18 anos e percentil de P/E para crianças menores de 2 anos. Foi feita uma revisão nos prontuários dos pacientes para identificar a mutação da FC e coletar informações a respeito da dose da enzima administrada. Os desfechos analisados foram a insuficiência pancreática exócrina (IP) e sua intensidade, definida pela atividade da EL-1 fecal < 200μg/g. Resultados: Cinquenta e um pacientes com idade entre 4 meses e 17 anos participaram do estudo, divididos em 3 grupos: 17 homozigotos, 17 heterozigotos e 17 não ΔF508. A média de idade foi de 9,11 anos (± 4,74) e 62,8% eram do sexo masculino. As enzimas pancreáticas foram utilizadas em 46 pacientes (90,2%). Pacientes com o teste da EL-1 fecal com valores abaixo de 100μg/g representaram um total de 80,4% (n=41), sendo 17 homozigotos (41,5%), 14 heterozigotos (34,1%) e 10 com ausência de ΔF508 (24,4%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre os homozigotos e a concentração da EL-1 fecal < 100μg/g. Todos os pacientes considerados IP pelo teste da EL-1 fecal faziam terapia de reposição enzimática (41 - 100%). Dez pacientes (19,6%) estavam com concentração da EL-1 fecal >200μg/g e, desses, 5 utilizavam enzimas pancreáticas. Onze pacientes (21,6%) apresentaram-se desnutridos, 10 (19,6%) em risco nutricional e 30 (58,8%) eutróficos. Não houve relação estatisticamente significativa entre estado nutricional, mutações e IP. Conclusões: A atividade de EL-1 fecal < 100 μg/g, indicativa de IP grave pelo teste, foi observada em 17/17 (100%) pacientes homozigotos para a mutação ΔF508 e em 14/17 (82,3%) heterozigotos para a mesma mutação. Não houve relação entre os valores de EL-1 fecal e o estado nutricional, avaliados pelo percentil do P/E para < 2 anos e percentil do IMC para >de 2 anos. O teste EL-1 fecal é de fácil execução e pode ser feito com uma pequena amostra de fezes; neste estudo, revelou-se útil na avaliação pancreática dos pacientes com FC. / Introduction and Objective: The fecal Elastase-1 (EL-1) is a noninvasive test used to assess exocrine pancreatic function. This study aims to assess and quantify the concentration of fecal Elastase -1 in patients with cystic fibrosis ΔF508 mutation carriers and to standardize the testing Elastase monoclonal test in our study group. Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis, being treated by the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Feces were collected for the quantification of Elastase concentration by ELISA. Nutritional assessment was calculated by percentile of BMI for children aged 2 to 18 years and percentile P / E for children under 2 years. Patient charts were reviewed to identify the cystic fibrosis mutation and to collect information about the dose of enzyme administered. The results analyzed were the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and its intensity, defined by the activity of fecal EL-1 <200μg/g. Results: Fifty-one patients with ages ranging from 4 months to 17 years participated in the study and were divided into 3 groups: 17 homozygotes, 17 heterozygotes and 17 non ΔF508. The average age was 9.11 years (± 4.74) and 62.8% were male. The pancreatic enzymes were used in 46 (90.2%) patients. Patients with Elastase test with values below 100μg/g represented a total of 80.4% (n = 41) and 17 (41.5%) homozygous, 14 heterozygous (34.1%) and 10 with no ΔF508 (24.4%). There was a statistically significant association between the homozygous and the concentration of fecal EL-1 <100μg/g. All patients identified as PI by the EL-1 fecal test were in enzyme replacement therapy 41 (100%). Ten patients (19.6%) had a concentration of EL-1 fecal >200 μg / g, and 5 of pancreatic enzymes used. Eleven (21.6%) patients were malnourished, 10 (19.6%) were at nutritional risk and for 30 (58.8%) the nutritional status was normal. There was no significant relationship between nutritional status, mutations and pancreatic insufficiency. Conclusion: The activity of EL Fecal -1 <100 μg/g indicative of severe PI by the test, was observed in 17/17 (100%) patients homozygous for the mutation ΔF508 and 14/17 (82.3%) heterozygous for the same mutation. There was no association between the levels of fecal EL-1 and nutritional status assessed by the percentile of the P/E < 2 years and BMI percentile for >2 years. The fecal Elastase-1 test can be easily performed with a small stool sample and proved useful in the pancreatic evaluation of patients with cystic fibrosis.
4

Avaliação da insuficiência pancreática pelo teste elastase-1 fecal em pacientes pediátricos com fibrose cística portadores da mutação DF508

Gonzales, Andréa Cristina Silva January 2010 (has links)
Introdução e objetivo: Elastase-1 fecal (EL-1) é um teste não invasivo que serve para avaliar a função pancreática exócrina. Neste estudo, buscou-se avaliar e quantificar a concentração da EL-1 fecal em pacientes com Fibrose Cística (FC), portadores da mutação ΔF508, e padronizar o teste Elastase monoclonal para a população estudada. Métodos: Estudo transversal prospectivo, com pacientes portadores de FC. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes para a quantificação da concentração da EL-1fecal pelo teste ELISA. A avaliação antropométrica baseou-se no percentil de IMC para crianças de 2 a 18 anos e percentil de P/E para crianças menores de 2 anos. Foi feita uma revisão nos prontuários dos pacientes para identificar a mutação da FC e coletar informações a respeito da dose da enzima administrada. Os desfechos analisados foram a insuficiência pancreática exócrina (IP) e sua intensidade, definida pela atividade da EL-1 fecal < 200μg/g. Resultados: Cinquenta e um pacientes com idade entre 4 meses e 17 anos participaram do estudo, divididos em 3 grupos: 17 homozigotos, 17 heterozigotos e 17 não ΔF508. A média de idade foi de 9,11 anos (± 4,74) e 62,8% eram do sexo masculino. As enzimas pancreáticas foram utilizadas em 46 pacientes (90,2%). Pacientes com o teste da EL-1 fecal com valores abaixo de 100μg/g representaram um total de 80,4% (n=41), sendo 17 homozigotos (41,5%), 14 heterozigotos (34,1%) e 10 com ausência de ΔF508 (24,4%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre os homozigotos e a concentração da EL-1 fecal < 100μg/g. Todos os pacientes considerados IP pelo teste da EL-1 fecal faziam terapia de reposição enzimática (41 - 100%). Dez pacientes (19,6%) estavam com concentração da EL-1 fecal >200μg/g e, desses, 5 utilizavam enzimas pancreáticas. Onze pacientes (21,6%) apresentaram-se desnutridos, 10 (19,6%) em risco nutricional e 30 (58,8%) eutróficos. Não houve relação estatisticamente significativa entre estado nutricional, mutações e IP. Conclusões: A atividade de EL-1 fecal < 100 μg/g, indicativa de IP grave pelo teste, foi observada em 17/17 (100%) pacientes homozigotos para a mutação ΔF508 e em 14/17 (82,3%) heterozigotos para a mesma mutação. Não houve relação entre os valores de EL-1 fecal e o estado nutricional, avaliados pelo percentil do P/E para < 2 anos e percentil do IMC para >de 2 anos. O teste EL-1 fecal é de fácil execução e pode ser feito com uma pequena amostra de fezes; neste estudo, revelou-se útil na avaliação pancreática dos pacientes com FC. / Introduction and Objective: The fecal Elastase-1 (EL-1) is a noninvasive test used to assess exocrine pancreatic function. This study aims to assess and quantify the concentration of fecal Elastase -1 in patients with cystic fibrosis ΔF508 mutation carriers and to standardize the testing Elastase monoclonal test in our study group. Methods: Cross-sectional study with patients diagnosed with Cystic Fibrosis, being treated by the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Feces were collected for the quantification of Elastase concentration by ELISA. Nutritional assessment was calculated by percentile of BMI for children aged 2 to 18 years and percentile P / E for children under 2 years. Patient charts were reviewed to identify the cystic fibrosis mutation and to collect information about the dose of enzyme administered. The results analyzed were the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and its intensity, defined by the activity of fecal EL-1 <200μg/g. Results: Fifty-one patients with ages ranging from 4 months to 17 years participated in the study and were divided into 3 groups: 17 homozygotes, 17 heterozygotes and 17 non ΔF508. The average age was 9.11 years (± 4.74) and 62.8% were male. The pancreatic enzymes were used in 46 (90.2%) patients. Patients with Elastase test with values below 100μg/g represented a total of 80.4% (n = 41) and 17 (41.5%) homozygous, 14 heterozygous (34.1%) and 10 with no ΔF508 (24.4%). There was a statistically significant association between the homozygous and the concentration of fecal EL-1 <100μg/g. All patients identified as PI by the EL-1 fecal test were in enzyme replacement therapy 41 (100%). Ten patients (19.6%) had a concentration of EL-1 fecal >200 μg / g, and 5 of pancreatic enzymes used. Eleven (21.6%) patients were malnourished, 10 (19.6%) were at nutritional risk and for 30 (58.8%) the nutritional status was normal. There was no significant relationship between nutritional status, mutations and pancreatic insufficiency. Conclusion: The activity of EL Fecal -1 <100 μg/g indicative of severe PI by the test, was observed in 17/17 (100%) patients homozygous for the mutation ΔF508 and 14/17 (82.3%) heterozygous for the same mutation. There was no association between the levels of fecal EL-1 and nutritional status assessed by the percentile of the P/E < 2 years and BMI percentile for >2 years. The fecal Elastase-1 test can be easily performed with a small stool sample and proved useful in the pancreatic evaluation of patients with cystic fibrosis.
5

Perfil clínico e nutricional de pacientes submetidos à ressecção pancreática em terapia de reposição de enzimas pancreáticas / Clinical and nutritional profile of patients undergoing pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy after pancreatic resection

Silva, Anna Victoria Borges Fragoso Rodrigues da 11 July 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Após a cirurgia pancreática, a função exócrina é determinada pela extensão da ressecção e a quantidade de tecido pancreático remanescente, sendo recomendável a avaliação da insuficiência pancreática exócrina (IPE) em todos os pacientes. A reposição de enzimas pancreáticas é o pilar do tratamento da IPE, pois melhora a absorção de gordura, diminui os sintomas relacionados com a má absorção e melhora a qualidade de vida (QV). OBJETIVO: Sabendo que o ajuste da dose de enzimas pancreáticas é realizado com base nos sinais clínicos relatados pelo paciente, o presente estudo visa aprofundar a avaliação clínica destes e avaliar o atual protocolo de tratamento, mantendo ou melhorando a QV dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em que foram avaliados adultos com histórico de ressecção pancreática há 6 meses ou mais. No tempo 1 foi realizada avaliação nutricional antropométrica e recordatório alimentar, avaliação clínica de qualidade de vida (questionário SF-36), investigação hábitos intestinais e exames laboratoriais. No tempo 2 foi realizada nova consulta para discussão dos resultados e orientação nutricional individualizada. Para análise de correlações foi usado o teste de Pearson, para associações o teste de Fisher e para comparação de médias o teste Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 39 pacientes, 22 (56,4%) do sexo feminino; 33 (84,6%) >=60 anos; tempo pós operatório 14,1± 6,8 anos; exames bioquímicos: em todas as dosagens a maioria dos pacientes apresenta resultados dentro dos valores de referência, mas há alta prevalência de deficiência de vitaminas lipossolúveis; os pacientes têm bom estado nutricional já que grande parte apresenta eutrofia segundo o IMC (46,1%) e segundo a porcentagem de gordura (35,9%); no geral não relatam sintomas gastrointestinais adversos: 61,5% com fezes formadas, 53,8% sem dor abdominal, 84,6% sem esteatorreia; adequação no consumo de macronutrientes: 51,3% consumo adequado de carboidratos e lipídios, e 64,1% de consumo excessivo de proteínas; correlações positivas: a dose de enzimas se correlaciona com a dor (p= 0,004) e o IMC (p= 0,009), ou seja, pacientes que relatam mais dor e que pesam mais são os que recebem as maiores doses de enzimas pancreáticas; correlações negativas: capacidade funcional e parâmetros de avaliação nutricional como IMC (p=0,004), e porcentagem de gordura (p=0,028), e também parâmetros clínicos como a dose de enzimas (p=0,022) e o número de evacuações por dia (p=0,024); associações: a inadequação do consumo de lipídios na dieta está associada com importantes sintomas gastrointestinais como a consistência amolecida das fezes (p=0,005) e flatulência (p=0,012) e ressalta a importância da orientação nutricional aos pacientes em reposição de enzimas pancreáticas. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes apresentou bons resultados de exames bioquímicos, qualidade de vida, consumo de macronutrientes, estado nutricional e sintomas gastrointestinais. Observaram-se importantes correlações e associações que demonstram que o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e a dose de enzimas interferem nos sintomas gastrointestinais e na auto-percepção de qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Sendo assim, o atual protocolo é válido, mas deve ser associado a orientação nutricional individualizada / BACKGROUND: After pancreatic surgery, exocrine function is determined by the extent of resection and the amount of remaining pancreatic tissue, and all patients should be evaluated for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Pancreatic enzyme replacement is the mainstay of EPI treatment, since it improves fat absorption, reduces symptoms related to malabsorption and improves quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE: Knowing that the adjustment of pancreatic enzymes dose is based on the clinical signs reported by the patient, the present study aims to deepen the clinical evaluation and to evaluate the current protocol of treatment, maintaining or improving patients quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in which adults were evaluated 6 months or more after pancreatic resection. At time 1, anthropometric evaluation and food recall, clinical evaluation of quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire), intestinal habits and laboratory tests were performed. At time 2 a new consultation was conducted to discuss the results and to provide individualized nutritional guidance. For the correlations analysis the Pearson test was used, for associations the Fisher test and for comparison of means the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: 39 patients were evaluated, 22 (56.4%) female; 33 (84.6%) >= 60 years; Time after surgery 14.1 ± 6.8 years; Biochemical tests: at all dosages most patients present results within the reference values, but there is a high prevalence of fat-soluble vitamins deficiency; The patients have good nutritional status since a great part presents eutrophy according to the BMI (46.1%) and according to the percentage of body fat (35.9%); In general they do not report adverse gastrointestinal symptoms: 61.5% with feces formed, 53.8% without abdominal pain, 84.6% without steatorrhea; Adequacy in macronutrient consumption: 51.3% adequate consumption of carbohydrates and lipids, and 64.1% excessive consumption of proteins; Positive correlations: enzyme dose correlates with pain (p = 0.004) and BMI (p = 0.009); that is, patients who report more pain and who weigh more are those who receive the highest doses of pancreatic enzymes; Negative correlations: functional capacity and nutritional assessment parameters such as BMI (p = 0.004), and body fat percentage (p = 0.028), as well as clinical parameters such as enzyme dose (p = 0.022) and number of bowel movements per day p=0.024); Associations: the dietary lipid consumption inadequacy is associated with important gastrointestinal symptoms such as soft stool consistency (p=0.005) and flatulence (p=0.012), and emphasizes the importance of nutritional guidance to patients on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: Most patients presented good results of biochemical tests, quality of life, macronutrient consumption, nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms. Significant correlations and associations have been observed that evidence that nutritional status, food intake and enzyme dose interferes with gastrointestinal symptoms and self-perceived quality of life of patients. Therefore, the current protocol is valid, but should be associated with individualized nutritional guidance
6

Perfil clínico e nutricional de pacientes submetidos à ressecção pancreática em terapia de reposição de enzimas pancreáticas / Clinical and nutritional profile of patients undergoing pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy after pancreatic resection

Anna Victoria Borges Fragoso Rodrigues da Silva 11 July 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Após a cirurgia pancreática, a função exócrina é determinada pela extensão da ressecção e a quantidade de tecido pancreático remanescente, sendo recomendável a avaliação da insuficiência pancreática exócrina (IPE) em todos os pacientes. A reposição de enzimas pancreáticas é o pilar do tratamento da IPE, pois melhora a absorção de gordura, diminui os sintomas relacionados com a má absorção e melhora a qualidade de vida (QV). OBJETIVO: Sabendo que o ajuste da dose de enzimas pancreáticas é realizado com base nos sinais clínicos relatados pelo paciente, o presente estudo visa aprofundar a avaliação clínica destes e avaliar o atual protocolo de tratamento, mantendo ou melhorando a QV dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em que foram avaliados adultos com histórico de ressecção pancreática há 6 meses ou mais. No tempo 1 foi realizada avaliação nutricional antropométrica e recordatório alimentar, avaliação clínica de qualidade de vida (questionário SF-36), investigação hábitos intestinais e exames laboratoriais. No tempo 2 foi realizada nova consulta para discussão dos resultados e orientação nutricional individualizada. Para análise de correlações foi usado o teste de Pearson, para associações o teste de Fisher e para comparação de médias o teste Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 39 pacientes, 22 (56,4%) do sexo feminino; 33 (84,6%) >=60 anos; tempo pós operatório 14,1± 6,8 anos; exames bioquímicos: em todas as dosagens a maioria dos pacientes apresenta resultados dentro dos valores de referência, mas há alta prevalência de deficiência de vitaminas lipossolúveis; os pacientes têm bom estado nutricional já que grande parte apresenta eutrofia segundo o IMC (46,1%) e segundo a porcentagem de gordura (35,9%); no geral não relatam sintomas gastrointestinais adversos: 61,5% com fezes formadas, 53,8% sem dor abdominal, 84,6% sem esteatorreia; adequação no consumo de macronutrientes: 51,3% consumo adequado de carboidratos e lipídios, e 64,1% de consumo excessivo de proteínas; correlações positivas: a dose de enzimas se correlaciona com a dor (p= 0,004) e o IMC (p= 0,009), ou seja, pacientes que relatam mais dor e que pesam mais são os que recebem as maiores doses de enzimas pancreáticas; correlações negativas: capacidade funcional e parâmetros de avaliação nutricional como IMC (p=0,004), e porcentagem de gordura (p=0,028), e também parâmetros clínicos como a dose de enzimas (p=0,022) e o número de evacuações por dia (p=0,024); associações: a inadequação do consumo de lipídios na dieta está associada com importantes sintomas gastrointestinais como a consistência amolecida das fezes (p=0,005) e flatulência (p=0,012) e ressalta a importância da orientação nutricional aos pacientes em reposição de enzimas pancreáticas. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes apresentou bons resultados de exames bioquímicos, qualidade de vida, consumo de macronutrientes, estado nutricional e sintomas gastrointestinais. Observaram-se importantes correlações e associações que demonstram que o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e a dose de enzimas interferem nos sintomas gastrointestinais e na auto-percepção de qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Sendo assim, o atual protocolo é válido, mas deve ser associado a orientação nutricional individualizada / BACKGROUND: After pancreatic surgery, exocrine function is determined by the extent of resection and the amount of remaining pancreatic tissue, and all patients should be evaluated for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Pancreatic enzyme replacement is the mainstay of EPI treatment, since it improves fat absorption, reduces symptoms related to malabsorption and improves quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVE: Knowing that the adjustment of pancreatic enzymes dose is based on the clinical signs reported by the patient, the present study aims to deepen the clinical evaluation and to evaluate the current protocol of treatment, maintaining or improving patients quality of life. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in which adults were evaluated 6 months or more after pancreatic resection. At time 1, anthropometric evaluation and food recall, clinical evaluation of quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire), intestinal habits and laboratory tests were performed. At time 2 a new consultation was conducted to discuss the results and to provide individualized nutritional guidance. For the correlations analysis the Pearson test was used, for associations the Fisher test and for comparison of means the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: 39 patients were evaluated, 22 (56.4%) female; 33 (84.6%) >= 60 years; Time after surgery 14.1 ± 6.8 years; Biochemical tests: at all dosages most patients present results within the reference values, but there is a high prevalence of fat-soluble vitamins deficiency; The patients have good nutritional status since a great part presents eutrophy according to the BMI (46.1%) and according to the percentage of body fat (35.9%); In general they do not report adverse gastrointestinal symptoms: 61.5% with feces formed, 53.8% without abdominal pain, 84.6% without steatorrhea; Adequacy in macronutrient consumption: 51.3% adequate consumption of carbohydrates and lipids, and 64.1% excessive consumption of proteins; Positive correlations: enzyme dose correlates with pain (p = 0.004) and BMI (p = 0.009); that is, patients who report more pain and who weigh more are those who receive the highest doses of pancreatic enzymes; Negative correlations: functional capacity and nutritional assessment parameters such as BMI (p = 0.004), and body fat percentage (p = 0.028), as well as clinical parameters such as enzyme dose (p = 0.022) and number of bowel movements per day p=0.024); Associations: the dietary lipid consumption inadequacy is associated with important gastrointestinal symptoms such as soft stool consistency (p=0.005) and flatulence (p=0.012), and emphasizes the importance of nutritional guidance to patients on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. CONCLUSION: Most patients presented good results of biochemical tests, quality of life, macronutrient consumption, nutritional status and gastrointestinal symptoms. Significant correlations and associations have been observed that evidence that nutritional status, food intake and enzyme dose interferes with gastrointestinal symptoms and self-perceived quality of life of patients. Therefore, the current protocol is valid, but should be associated with individualized nutritional guidance
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Exokrine Pankreasinsuffizienz bei Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz unter einer Hämodialysetherapie / Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in patients with end- stage renal insufficiency under hemodialysis

Griesche-Philippi, Jochen 20 February 2010 (has links)
Einleitung: Vor mehr als 3 Jahrzehnten zeigten mehrere Untersuchungen, dass bei Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz in bis zu 60% der Fälle eine mit dem Sekretin-Pancreozymin-Test (SPT) oder eine seiner Modifikationen nachweisbare Pankreasinsuffizienz (EPI) vorliegt. Da der SPT weltweit kaum noch zur Verfügung steht, wurde untersucht, ob und wie häufig mit der fäkalen Elastase-1- Messungeine EPI bei Hämodialyse-(HD)-Patienten nachweisbar ist. Methodik: Die Studie umfasste 50 HD-Patienten, bei denen die fäkale Elastase-1 mit zwei verschiedenen Methoden (Bioserv Diagnostics und Schebo-Biotech) bestimmt und außerdem das Stuhlgewicht und der Stuhlfettgehalt ermittelt wurden. Bei keinem der Patienten bestand in der Vorgeschichte eine akute oder chronische Pankreatitis bzw., eine chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankung. Ebenso lag kein Zustand nach Teil- Gastrektomie bzw., Teil-Dünndarmresektion vor. Ergebnis: Eine EPI leichten Grades (100 - 200 µg/g Stuhl) wurde bei 5 (10%) Patienten festgestellt. Sie korrelierte nicht mit Alter, Geschlecht, nephrologischer Grunderkrankung und HD-Dauer. In keinem Fall war eine Pankreasenzymsubstitution (< 100 µg/g Stuhl) erforderlich. Bei 9 (18%) Patienten lag eine leichte Diarrhoe (200 - 300 g/Tag) vor, bei 10 (20%) eine Steatorrhoe leichten Grades (7 - 15 g Fett/ Tag). Die Steatorrhoe war bei 6 (67%) bzw. 5 (50%) dieser Patienten durch die gleichzeitige Gabe eines Phosphatbinders (Gallensäurebindung) erklärbar. Schlussfolgerung: Anders als früher scheint jetzt eine EPI ein seltenes und klinisch nicht bedeutsames Problem bei HD-Patienten zu sein. Dies ist möglicherweise dadurch zu erklären, dass jetzt ausreichend Dialyseplätze zur Verfügung stehen und Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz in noch gutem Allgemein- und Ernährungszustand in ein Dialyseprogramm aufgenommen werden können. Ob die ebenfalls seltene, aber zunächst klinisch nicht erklärbare Diarrhoe/Steatorrhoe klinisch von Bedutung (Osteoporose?) ist, müssen weitere Untersuchungen zeigen.
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Etude des interactions lipase-lipides au niveau d'interfaces modèles / Study of lipase-lipids interactions using model interfaces

Benarouche, Anais 17 December 2013 (has links)
Les enzymes lipolytiques sont solubles en phase aqueuse mais hydrolysent des substrats insolubles. Leurs activités lipolytiques dépendent donc fortement de l’organisation des substrats lipidiques présents sous forme de structures interfaciales telles que des émulsions, des micelles, des liposomes, ou des bicouches lipidiques. Les propriétés cinétiques et la spécificité de substrat de ces enzymes résultent de l’étape initiale d’adsorption à l’interface lipide-eau et des interactions entre le substrat et le site actif. Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse, la technique des films monomoléculaires a été utilisée pour étudier en détail les étapes séquentielles d’adsorption, de catalyse et d’inhibition de l’enzyme à l’interface lipide-eau. Dans une première partie, nous avons réalisé la caractérisation physico-chimique de la lipase gastrique de chien (DGL), avec l’étude :  de son adsorption sur un film non substrat de dilauroylphosphatidylcholine ; ‚ de l’hydrolyse interfaciale de la 1,2-dicaprine dans des films mixtes en présence d’Orlistat. Concernant l’étape de catalyse, nous avons étudié l’effet du propeptide sur la spécificité de substrat et l’activité interfaciale de la phospholipase A2 sécrétée de groupe X de souris. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, nous avons comparé les propriétés interfaciales de la lipase YLLIP2 de la levure Yarrowia lipolytica qui serait un bon candidat pour l’enzymothérapie de substitution chez les patients atteints d’insuffisance pancréatique exocrine (IPE), la lipase pancréatique humaine et la DGL. Nos résultats ont confirmé le rôle d’YLLIP2 en tant qu’excellent « substitut » non seulement de la HPL en cas d’IPE, mais aussi de la DGL. / Lipolytic enzymes are water-soluble whereas their substrates are insoluble in water. Their lipolytic activities depend strongly on the organization of the lipid substrates present in interfacial structures such as oil-in-water emulsions, micelles, liposomes, and membrane bilayers. The kinetic properties and substrate specificity of these enzymes result from both their adsorption at the lipid-water interface, and the interactions occurring between the substrate and the active site. In this thesis work, the monomolecular film technique was used to study in details the sequential steps of adsorption, catalysis and inhibition of model enzymes at the lipid-water interface. In a first part, we performed the physico-chemical characterization of the dog gastric lipase (DGL), by studying:  its adsorption onto a dilauroylphosphatidylcholine non-substrate film; ‚ its interfacial hydrolysis of 1,2-dicaprin in mixed films with various amounts of Orlistat. Regarding the catalysis step, we studied the effect of the propeptide on the substrate specificity and interfacial activity of the murine group X secreted phospholipase A2. A model of this enzyme with its propeptide was built from the available 3D structure of the corresponding mature human enzyme. Finally, in the third part, we compared the interfacial kinetic properties of YLLIP2 lipase of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica which has been identified as a good candidate for enzyme replacement therapy for patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), human pancreatic lipase and DGL. Our results confirmed the role of YLLIP2 as an excellent "substitute" not only for HPL in case of PEI, but also for the DGL at acidic pH values.

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