Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The history of exploration is one of the great chapters in the history of mankind, which offers not only strong personal stories of desire and determination but is also related to the Great Powers policy. What stands in center of attention of this thesis is an institution established under the patronage of British king William IV, the aim of which was the promotion of geography and exploration of continents. The Royal Geographical Society has been among others distiguished in the support of expeditions which managed to map the sources of the Nile and contribute to a solution of one of the long term mysteries of the mankind.

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Clustered architecture processors are preferred for embedded systems because centralized register file architectures scale poorly in terms of clock rate, chip area, and power consumption. Although clustering helps by improving clock speed, reducing energy consumption of the logic, and making the design simpler, it introduces extra overheads by way of inter-cluster communication. This communication happens over long wires having high load capacitance which leads to delay in execution and significantly high energy consumption. Inter-cluster communication also introduces many short idle cycles, therby significantly increasing the overall leakage energy consumption in the functional units. The trend towards miniatrurization of devices (and associated reduction in threshold voltage) makes energy consumption in interconnects and functional units even worse and limits the usability of clustered architectures in smaller technologies. In the past, study of leakage energy management at the architectural level has mostly focused on storage structures such as cache. Relatively, little work has been done on architecture level leakage energy management in functional units in the context of superscalar processors and energy efficient scheduling in the context of VLIW architectures. In the absence of any high level model for interconnect energy estimation, the primary focus of research in the context of interconnects has been to reduce the latency of communication and evaluation of various inter-cluster communication models. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no such work in the past from the point of view of enegy efficiency targeting clustered VLIW architectures specifically focusing on smaller technologies. Technological advancements now permit design of interconnects and functional units With varying performance and power modes. In thesis we people scheduling algorithms that aggregate the scheduling slack of instructions and communication slack of data values to exploit the low power modes of interconnects and functional units . We also propose a high level model for estimation of interconnect delay and energy (in contrast to low-level circuit level model proposed earlier) that makes it possible to carry out architectural and compiler optimizations specifically targeting the inter connect, Finally we present synergistic combination of these algorithms that simultaneously saves energy in functional units and interconnects to improve the usability of clustered architectures by archiving better overall energy-performance trade-offs. Our compiler assisted leakage energy management scheme for functional units reduces the energy consumption of functional units approximately by 15% and 17% in the context of a 2-clustered and a 4-clustered VLIW architecture respectively with negligible performance degradation over and above that offered by a hardware-only scheme. The interconnect energy optimization scheme improves the energy consumption of interconnects on an average by 41% and 46% for a 2-clustered and a 4-clustered machine respectively with 2% and 1.5% performance degradation. The combined scheme options slightly better energy benefit in functional units and 37% and 43% energy benefit in interconnect with slightly higher performance degradation. Even with the conservative estimates of contribution of functional unit interconnect to overall processor energy consumption the proposed combined scheme obtains on an average 8% and 10% improvement in overall energy delay product with 3.5% and 2% performance degradation for a 2-clustered and a 4-clustered machine respectively. We present a detailed experimental evaluation of the proposed schemes using the Trimaran compiler infrastructure.

Sömnsvårigheter har blivit allt vanligare i takt med att samhället blir mer skyndsamt och teknologi-drivet. Även om orsakerna kan variera, finns det några allmänna faktorer som kan hjälpa kroppen att varva ner innan läggdags. Det här projektet syftar till att lindra det utbredda problemet med sömnbrist och de vanor som hindrar fysisk och mental beredskap för sömn genom att utveckla en prototyp som integrerar både fysiska och digitala element. Soma design valdes som metodologi, driven av ett Forskning-genom-Design tillvägagångssätt. Genom den explorativa designprocessen vidgades möjligheterna för att förbättra sömn genom enkla och icke-påträngande teknologier. Processen resulterade i fem teman som informerade de efterföljande materialutforskningarna och erbjöd riktlinjer för framtida insatser inom gränsområdet mellan design och sömn, som tillåter öppenhet och flexibilitet. Slutligen levererade projektet en första version av en prototyp som inkorporerar de insikter och kunskaper som erhållits under processen genom att använda ljud och ljus för att försiktigt guida användaren till en långsam andningsrytm som förbereder kroppen för sömn. Framtida iterationer kommer att informeras av återkoppling från användare och möjliggöra högre grad av anpassningsbarhet, vilket säkerställer att prototypen kan anpassas till individuella användares unika behov och preferenser. / Sleep-related issues have become more prevalent as our society becomes increasingly fast-paced and technology-dependent. While the causes may vary, some universal factors can help unwind before bed. This project aims to alleviate the widespread problem of sleep deprivation and associated habits that impede physical and mental readiness for sleep by developing a prototype incorporating physical and digital elements. Soma design was chosen as the methodology, driven by a Research through Design approach, combining a first-person perspective and collaboration with other designers and somatic connoisseurs. Through the exploratory design process, possibilities for enhancing sleep through seamless and non-intrusive technologies were expanded. The process further resulted in five themes that informed the subsequent material explorations and offered guidelines for future endeavors in the intersection of design and sleep that affords open-endedness. Ultimately, the project delivered a first version of a prototype that embodies the insights and knowledge acquired throughout the process by incorporating qualities of sound and light to gently guide the user to a slow breathing rhythm, preparing the body for sleep. Future iterations will be informed by user feedback and allow for a greater range of adaptability, ensuring that the prototype can accommodate individual users' unique needs and preferences.

Louis Delaporte est un personnage méconnu de l’histoire de l’étude de l’art khmer en France. Il a cependant occupé, entre sa première mission aux ruines khmères, en 1873, et sa démission du Musée indochinois du Trocadéro, en 1924, une place centrale dans l’archéologie de l’Asie du Sud-Est. Cette thèse fournit un premier éclairage sur le travail entrepris par Delaporte pour faire connaître l’art khmer, et constituer une collection d’œuvres devant servir de base pour son étude. Des sources inédites (correspondance familiale, documents de travail conservés par la famille Delaporte et le musée Guimet) permettent de retracer le parcours professionnel de Louis Delaporte, de sa première visite sur le site d’Angkor, en 1866, au développement du Musée indochinois du Trocadéro, entre 1884 et 1924. Si la concentration du travail de Delaporte autour de l’art khmer est fortuite (sa première mission aux ruines khmères a ainsi été conçue comme l’étape initiale d’un voyage plus large d’exploration du Tonkin), il développe cependant dès son retour en France une stratégie réfléchie pour assurer aux œuvres rapportées de son séjour une place de choix sur la scène scientifique française. Grâce à la création d’un très vaste réseau, dans l’administration aussi bien que dans les milieux scientifiques, Louis Delaporte devient ainsi, dès les années 1880, un personnage incontournable dans l’étude des monuments khmers. Faute des connaissances nécessaires, il ne réussira cependant jamais à s’imposer comme le fer de lance de l’archéologie khmère, et se concentrera plutôt sur le développement d’une collection destinée à devenir, en France, indispensable à qui s’intéresse à l’archéologie khmère. / Louis Delaporte is an underrated character in the history of the study of Khmer art in France. Between his first travel to the Khmer ruins, in 1873, and his resignation from the Musée indochinois du Trocadéro, in 1924, he held, however, a central position in the archeology of Southeast Asia. This thesis provides a first insight into the work undertaken by Delaporte to make Khmer art renowned, and provide a collection of art works meant to be the basis of its study. Unpublished sources (family letters, working papers kept by the Delaporte family and the musée Guimet) help relate Louis Delaporte’s career, from his first visit to Angkor, in 1866, to the development of the Musée indochinois du Trocadéro, between 1884 and 1924. If the focus of Delaporte’s work on Khmer art is born of fortuitous circumstances (his first travel to the Khmer ruins was designed to be the inital step of a broader exploration trip to Tonkin), he however developed a conscious strategy to ensure the works of art he brought back became prominent in French scientific circles. Thanks to the creation of a vast network, in the administration as well as in scientific circles, Louis Delaporte became, in the 1880s, a key character in the study of Khmer monuments. Due to his lack of knowledge, however, Delaporte never succeded in becoming the spearhead of Khmer archeology, and focused instead more on the development of a collection designed to become, in France, essential to whoever had an interest in Khmer archeology.