Autocallable structured products represent an investment opportunity which has been growing in both the European and American market since they were first launched. The value of these structured products is dependent on how their underlying assets perform, which can consist of stocks, indexes or other assets. With a sample size of 30 structured products we provide research on the relation between the products return and the return of the underlying assets. Specifically, the purpose of the study is to analyse how increases in the returns of the underlying assets affect the returns in the products. Using an ordinary least squares regression model, we find that the return in the underlying assets, the issuers credit rating and the interest rate at issuance have a statistically significant effect on the returns in the products. We conclude that in our sample, an increase in the underlying assets returns results in a less than equal increase in the returns of the autocalls.

The goal of this project work has been to create an application that can be helpful for both entrepreneurs and customers. This application, website should be seen as an extended arm and help to prevent misunderstandings between these two parts. A website has been created where customers can get theoretical help with rules and information about what applies when renovating a bathroom. What will the cost be and why is this cost often higher than what the customer expected from the beginning. The planning phase began with analyzing how the application could best be built up and with which functions could be suitable to include. Opportunity for the visitor to be able to read about rules and laws in bathroom renovation was one of these. Being able to enter measurements of the walls and floors of their bathroom was another. Being able to log in to the site and save their calculations could be a good feature as well. This was followed by sketches and a drawing of the website. The programming started with the installation of Node.js and the Express framework for building up the server side. The various endpoints for "creat, read, update and delete" The MongoDB database was then used as a database. Vue was installed for the front end side and implementation of login function towards Firebase was done. Other programming according to the planning was started. The end product of this became an application that in many ways agrees with what the idea was from the beginning. This application has the potential to get better and there are some features I would have liked to add that are not there yet. The application will be built on to get the functionality that I see in front of me in a longer scenario. / Målet med detta projektarbete har varit att skapa en applikation som kan vara till hjälp både för företagare samt kunder. Denna applikation, webbsida skall ses som en förlängd arm och hjälp för att förebygga missförstånd mellan dessa båda parter. En webbsida har skapats där kunder kan få teoretisk hjälp med regler samt information om vad som gäller vid renovering av badrum. Vad kommer kostnaden att bli och varför är denna kostnad ofta är högre än vad kunden räknat med från början. Planeringsfasen började med att analysera hur applikationen på bästa sätt skulle kunna byggas upp och med vilka funktioner som skulle kunna vara lämpliga att ha med. Möjlighet för besökaren att kunna läsa om regler och lagar inom renovering av badrum var ett av dessa. Att kunna mata in mått på sitt badrums väggar och golv var det andra. Att kunna logga in på sidan och spara sina uträkningar kunde vara en bra funktion också. Detta efterföljdes av skisser och uppritning av den tänka webbplatsen.. Programmeringen startade med installation av Node.js och ramverket Express för uppbyggnad av serversidan. De olika ändpunkterna för ”creat, read, update och delete”. Databasen MongoDB användes sedan som databas. Vue installerades för frontendsidan och implementering av inloggningsfunktion gentemot Firebase gjordes. Övrig programmering enligt planeringen startades. Slutprodukten av detta blev en applikation som i mångt och mycket stämmer överens med vad tanken var från början. Denna applikation har potential att bli bättre och det finns vissa funktioner som jag hade velat lägga till som inte finns där än. Applikationen kommer byggas vidare på för att få den funktionaliteten som jag ser framför mig i ett längre scenario.

The digitization of manual handling of paper forms is an ongoing project atKarlstad municipality, and their management of vacation exchanges is one of thefirst business processes to be digitized. This process involves applicants printingand filling in a vacation exchange paper form, which is submitted to a departmentmanager for processing, and then forwarded to a payroll administrator forregistering.The goal of this thesis was to develop a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) e-service forvacation exchange management at Karlstad municipality. The design of the PoCis based on requirements gathered by interviewing end-users and investigatingtechnical constraints imposed by current systems in place at Karlstad municipality.The PoC is designed as a Web application managing resources from an objectdatabase, and an account directory. The implementation was carried out usingopen source and standardized frameworks. Open source tools were used for theobject database and the account directory. The PoC was evaluated against setrequirements. Avenues for future work include a more thorough investigation ofthe account directory at Karlstad municipality.

One of the most effective measures of congestion control on freeways has been ramp metering, where vehicle entry to the freeway is regulated by traffic signals (meters). Meters are run with calibrated influx rates to prevent highway saturation. However, recent observations of some metering sites in San Diego, CA indicate that metering, during peak hour demand, is helping freeway flow while sometimes creating considerable traffic back-ups on local streets, transferring congestion problems from the freeway to intersections. Metering problems stem largely from the difficulty of designing an integrated, dynamic metering scheme that responds not only to changing freeway conditions but also to fluctuating demand throughout the ramp network; a scheme whose objective is to maintain adequate freeway throughput as well as minimize disproportionate ramp delays and queue overspills onto surface streets. Simulation modeling is a versatile, convenient, relatively inexpensive and safe systems analysis tool for evaluating alternative strategies to achieve the above objective. The objective of this research was to establish a basic building block for a discrete system simulation model, ONRAMP, based on a stochastic, mesoscopic, queueing approach. ONRAMP is for modeling entrance ramp geometry, vehicular generation, platooning and arrivals, queueing activities, meters and metering rates. The architecture of ONRAMP's molecular unit is designed in a fashion so that it can be, with some model calibration, duplicated for a number of ramps and, if necessary, integrated into some other larger freeway network models. SLAM.II simulation language is used for computer implementation. ONRAMP has been developed and partly validated using data from eight ramps at Interstate-B in San Diego. From a systems perspective, simulation will be short-sided and problem analysis is incomplete unless the other non-technical metering problems are explored and considered. These problems include the impacts of signalizing entrance ramps on the vitality of adjacent intersections, land use and development, "fair" geographic distribution of meters and metering rates throughout the freeway corridor, public acceptance and enforcement, and the role and influence of organizations in charge of decision making in this regard. Therefore, an outline of a contextual systems approach for problem analysis is suggested. Benefits and problems of freeway control via ramp metering, both operational short-term and strategic long-term, are discussed in two dimensions: global (freeway) and local (intersection). The results of a pilot study which includes interviews with field experts and law enforcement officials and a small motorist survey are presented.

Determina en qué medida la implementación de un sistema de soporte a las decisiones mejoraría la planificación de rutas nacionales en una courier, basado en modelos de optimización y simulación. Para el estudio de la variable dependiente: planificación de rutas nacionales en una courier se aplicó 3 fichas de observaciones para recopilar los datos antes y después de los indicadores cuantitativos: el tiempo de planificación de rutas nacionales, costo en la distribución y tiempo de generación de reportes. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada, de nivel explicativo y de diseño pre experimental. Mediante la prueba t de Student se halló diferencias significativas en el tiempo de planificación de Rutas Nacionales, antes y después de haber implementado el sistema de soporte a las decisiones basado en modelos de optimización y simulación; y para el indicador tiempo de generación de reportes se usó W de Wilcoxon, también se halló diferencias significativas. Los resultados de la investigación fueron los siguientes: que el tiempo de planificación de rutas nacionales disminuye después de aplicar el sistema de soporte a las decisiones basado en modelos de optimización y simulación llegando a una media de solamente 8,70 minutos teniendo anteriormente 1931,60 minutos; y que el tiempo de generación de reportes disminuye después de aplicar el sistema llegando a una media de solamente 0,07 minutos teniendo anteriormente 68,85 minutos, con esto determinamos su impacto positivo en la planificación de rutas nacionales en la courier. / Tesis

This thesis deals with design and implementation of interconnection bus system for chips with FPGA technology. The system ensures both communication between internal components on a chip and their communication with other computer elements which are mapped to the host system memory. The buses are high-speed, full duplex and packet-oriented and their architecture is based on tree topology. The data width is configurable, individually for every bus part. Due to this feature, it is possible to build uniform hierarchical system of internal buses with different speed that interconnects differently fast components. Proposed interconnection system was implemented in VHDL language and it is utilized in the Liberouter project which is the part of CESNET research intention Programable Hardware.

The aim of this thesis was to design and implement PCI Express Bridge. The main purpose of this unit is to help application engineers who develop various FPGA based accelerators. The implemented unit transforms complex PCI Express based system bus interface to more common and scalable interface of internal bus for on-chip components interconnection. This allows engineers to focus on the development of their target applications, not on a complicated communication protocol. The unit was implemented in the VHDL language, synthesized for Virtex-5 based FPGAs as well as completely tested on ML555 and COMBOv2 cards. The acquired results show that the component reaches the throughput of 7 Gb/s, which is the theoretical limitation of underlying protocols.

Significant amount of work has been done in software engineering in terms of reuse. With the use of object-orientation and design patterns that support the development of reusable modules, it appears that the development and reuse of software modules in creating new systems is becoming more and more common. The software engineering world, however has taken reuse more seriously than database; more research and improvement in reuse has been made in software engineering than in database. This paper investigates how software engineering metrics can be applied in the development of reusable database modules. This research provides a model for predicting the reusability of EXPRESS modules. It establishes a relationship between coupling and reusability of EXPRESS modules, and provides a set of metrics that may be used in the proposed model for measuring coupling in EXPRESS modules.

Abstract The purpose of the study is to contribute with knowledge about what happens to childrens experience of mixing and separatingwhen an activity is carried out twice. The method we used in the stady is a qualitative interview method whit semi-stuctured interwiews with cdildren in preschool. Variation theory was used to ananlyze the childrens way to express their experience. The problem that has chosen to highlight and examine is if children are not allowed to share their thoughts and experiences whit others so no new experience is created. The result shows that children express their experience of mixing and separating, more so when get to explore from their own thought and idea in interaction. In the case, there is a deeper exploration of the children, which also lead to greater experience when the activity is carried out a second time. The conclusion of the study is that staff in preschool must dare and give premission to let the children try to explore chemistry. Children do not only explore from the perspective of their owm experience, but must, together with others, create their experiences in a permissive environment based on a child`s perpective. / Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskaper om vad som händer med barns erfarande av att blanda och separera när en aktivitet genomförs två gånger. Den metod vi använt i studien är den kvalitativa intervju metoden med en semistrukturerade intervju för barn i förskolan. Variationsteorin användes för att analysera barnens sätt att uttrycka sitt erfarande. Det problem som studien har valt att lyfta fram och undersöka är om barn inte får dela sina tankar och erfarenheter med andra så skapas inget nytt erfarande. Resultatet visar att barn uttrycker sitt erfarande om att blanda och separera, mer när de får utforska från sin egen tanke och idé i samspel med andra. Det sker då ett djupare utforskande hos barnen, som också leder till större erfarande när aktiviteten genomförs en andra gång. Slutsatsen av studien är personal inom förskolan måste våga och ge tillåtelse till att låta barnen få prova att utforska kemi. Barnen utforskar inte bara utifrån sitt eget erfarande utan måste tillsammans med andra skapa sina erfarenheter i en tillåtande miljö med utgångspunkt ur ett barns perspektiv

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