Abstract Background Todays guidelines for advanced CPR emphasize chest compressions with good quality and early defibrillation. Prehospital CPR performed by ambulance crew, an automated external defibrillator (AED) is used. The AED analyzes the heart rhythm and the performer is following the advice to chock the heart or not, given by the AED. During on-going CPR there are sequences when no chest compression is performed known as hands-off time. Hands-off time includes the time for the AED to analyze the heart rhythm and the time when advice is given to the crew. Studies show that prolonged hands-off time has a negative impact on survival after a sudden cardiac arrest. Purpose The purpose with this study was to look into if the hands-off time could decrease with use of manual mode on the defibrillator by the ambulance crew. The crew had to analyze, make a decision to chock or not, charge the defibrillator and give the chock if appropriate. Furthermore, the crews’ knowledge in analyzing heart rhythms that can be defibrillate was investigated.  Method A quasi-experimental method was used. 38 participants, all ambulance crew, were included in the study. The participants were randomized into two groups. One group performed CPR with an AED, the second group used the manual mode on the defibrillator. The study data were processed in SPSS. Results The time preceding the first defibrillation was significant shorter in the group using manual mode. There was no difference in total hands-off time between the two groups. All heart rhythms were interpreted right and all defibrillation were done correctly. Conclusions Time from establish cardiac arrest to first defibrillation was significant shorter in manual mode. Furthermore, all heart rhythms were interpreted right and all defibrillation were done correctly. Time from first defibrillation to start of chest compressions was equal in the two groups. There were no significant differences in hands-off time between the two groups.   Keyword: ambulance, cardiac arrest, automatic external defibrillator, manual defibrillator, manual rhythm analyze, hands-off time

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Clark Atlanta University, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 341-355).

The external debt is no doubt "a front burner" nowadays, not only in the group of well informed economists or politicians. And although it is regarded as a problem ascribed to the third world countries only, any national economy can bear it. Anyway, neither developed countries are exceptions, despite distinctly small attention which is given to them from the external indebtedness point of view. In my thesis, I decided to link the foreign debt problem with another frequent topic of any discussions: with the really prudent process of the European Union expansion to the East. Primarily, I will try to confute many skewed information about both of them. Or - is the foreign debt really such an uncompromising indicator of the external instability hindering any economic progress? Must thus the relatively successful transformation of the transitive economies pass off with the zero foreign indebtedness entirely?

The objective of the thesis is to analyze the external economic stability of the Slovak republic. First part of the thesis explains fundamental theories of the balance of payments, its structure and equalizing mechanisms. The analysis of the external economic stability is based on the development of the balances of payments between the years 2000 and 2008. The analysis of the external debt and the international investment position are also involved to complete the image of the Slovak external economic stability.

The aim of the diploma thesis "Tests carried out in audit" is evaluation of the general purpose financial statements performed by the asistent auditor in the trainee program. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts of the auditing profession, defines the person authorized to perform audit activities, their rights and obligations. As well it analyses each phase of the audit, characterize the audit process and analyze the audit risk, the concept of materiality and the substantive tests. The practical part of the thesis is focused on the analysis of selected audit procedures in the basic part of the General purpose financial statements (tangible assets, accounts receivable, payroll, cash and cash equivalents).

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-17T20:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Antonio Costa da Silva.pdf: 1788996 bytes, checksum: bea31a3e14867cdae75eb7bde5b8a5f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-17T20:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Antonio Costa da Silva.pdf: 1788996 bytes, checksum: bea31a3e14867cdae75eb7bde5b8a5f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Companies using open innovation find significant barriers in managing externally acquired technologies incorporation process, which is a critical challenge in evaluating technology investments. The central objective of this research was to construct and validate an incorporation model of technological innovation from external sources based on the assumptions of open innovation. The models that address open innovation processes in the literature are vague and imprecise in relation to the incorporation process and do not address important issues related to culture for innovation, absorption, and dynamic technological capabilities that are important theoretical foundations for innovation and contribute decisively to the incorporation process. The methods used in exploratory research proposed were quantitative. Data were collected by applying a structured questionnaire to managers of 1750 technology-based companies from various sectors of the economy, with a sample of 111 responses. Data analysis was performed using the software SmartPLS, by applying structural equation modeling with partial least squares and the template paths. It was found that the proposed initial model was validated almost entirely with minor adjustments. It could be concluded that the development of a culture for innovation, coupled with the construction of mechanisms for prospecting and processing of external sources of innovation, technological capability accumulation, and the ability to reconfigure internal resources, are important foundations to increase business efficiency in incorporating innovations/external technologies. / As empresas que utilizam a inovação aberta encontram significativas barreiras no gerenciamento do processo de incorporação de tecnologias adquiridas externamente, o que consiste um desafio crítico na avaliação de investimentos em tecnologia. O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi construir e validar um modelo de incorporação de inovação tecnológica de origens externas com base nas premissas da inovação aberta. Os modelos que tratam de processos de inovação aberta encontrados na literatura são vagos e imprecisos em relação ao processo de incorporação e não abordam questões importantes relacionadas à cultura para a inovação, às capacidades de absorção, tecnológica e dinâmica, que são fundamentos teóricos importantes para a inovação e contribuem de forma decisiva para o processo de incorporação. Os métodos empregados na pesquisa exploratória aqui proposta foram de natureza quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados com a aplicação de um questionário estruturado para gestores de 1750 empresas de base tecnológica de diversos setores da economia, com uma amostra de 111 respostas. A análise dos dados foi realizada com a utilização do software SmartPLS, mediante aplicação de modelagem de equações estruturais com mínimos quadrados parciais e o modelo caminhos. Constatou-se que o modelo inicial proposto foi validado quase em sua totalidade, com pequenos ajustes. Pôde-se concluir que o desenvolvimento de uma cultura voltada para inovação, associado à construção de mecanismos de prospecção e transformação de fontes externas de inovação, do acúmulo de capacidade tecnológica e da capacidade de reconfiguração dos recursos internos, constituem fundamentos importantes para aumentar a eficiência da empresa na incorporação de inovações/tecnologias externas.

På grund av pandemin COVID-19 råder det en extern kris i samhället, detta har påverkat många människor men inte minst organisationer. Myndigheter har utfärdat särskilda restriktioner vilket gör att organisationer måste anpassa sin verksamhet efter dessa. Detta har lett till att organisationer måste anamma de åtgärder som myndigheter utfärdat då de inte kan bedriva sin verksamhet på samma sätt. Detta har lett till att organisationerna måste arbeta internt med att hantera den externa krisen. Denna kvalitativa studie ämnar att undersöka hur den interna krishanteringen samt kriskommunikationen ser ut i idrottsorganisationer under en extern kris. Vilka åtgärder som vidtagits och hur organisationens interna kommunikation ser ut. För att få svar på hur idrottsorganisationer blivit påverkade av den externa krisen har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med beslutsfattande personer inom IK Sävehof och Önnereds HK, två elithandbollsorganisationer baserade i Göteborgsområdet. Dessa intervjuer har stått för grund till empiriinsamlingen. Det resultat och slutsats som kommit fram genom att analysera empirin är att pandemin COVID-19 har haft en stor påverkan på den interna organisationen i handbollsklubbarna. Båda klubbar står inför liknande hot då de återfinns inom samma bransch samt att båda arrangerar stora arrangemang i form av ungdomsturneringar där Sävehof har fått ställa in och Önnered hotas av att ställa in på grund av COVID-19. Detta är de mest inkomstbringande källorna för respektive förening och det är en stor ekonomisk förlust. Ingen av organisationerna hade en tydlig bearbetat krishantering innan COVID-19, vilket är något som hade varit gynnsamt att ha då det kan ge en fördel när en kris väl inträffar. / Due to COVID-19 pandemic, there is an external crisis in society which has affected many people, as well as organizations. Authorities have issued special restrictions due to COVID-19. Hence organizations must adapt their activity to these restrictions and embrace measures that the authorities have issued. The organizations cannot continue their activities in the same way as before the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence there has been a major impact in society which has led organizations to work internally to deal with the external crisis. This qualitative study aims to investigate what the internal crisis management and crisis communication look like in sports organizations during an external crisis. What actions have been taken and how the organization’s internal communications looks like. In order to get answers to how the sports organizations have been affected by the external crisis, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with decision-making people within IK Sävehof and Önnereds HK, which are two elite handball organizations based in the Gothenburg area in Sweden. These interviews have provided the basis for the empirical data collection. The results and conclusion reached by analyzing the empirical data is that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the internal organizations of the handball clubs. Both clubs face the same threat as they are found in the same industry, both have major events in form of youth tournaments where Sävehof has had to cancel and Önnered is threatened to cancel due to COVID-19. These events are the most generating sources of income for each organization which means that it is a great financial loss. Sävehof is a larger organization than Önnered, which can be studied in the way they handle the crisis internally as Sävehof has larger resources. None of the organizations had a clearly processed crisis management. This is something that would have been beneficial to have when an external crisis strikes. The essay is written in Swedish.

Le Traité de Lisbonne a profondément modifié l’étendue de l’action extérieure de l’Union européenne. L’une des modifications les plus importantes qu’il a apportée à l’action extérieure de l’Union européenne relève des objectifs constitutionnels qu’elle doit désormais satisfaire. En effet, l’article 3 §5 du Traité sur l’Union européenne concerne les objectifs internationaux de l’Union. Parmi ces objectifs, l’un d’eux est particulièrement important, d’une part, en ce qu’il traduit un intérêt nouveau de l’Union et, d’autre part, en ce qu’il était inattendu, il s’agit de l’objectif de protection des droits de l’enfant. Le nouveau statut de la protection des droits de l’enfant au sein du droit de l’Union est passé relativement inaperçu et la doctrine s’en est peu fait l’écho.Ce nouvel objectif sur la scène internationale soulève plusieurs questions tenant à l’existence d’outils juridiques permettant sa réalisation ou encore tenant à l’efficacité des mesures adoptées pour protéger les droits de l’enfant au niveau international. Ces différentes problématiques trouvent des réponses, toutefois, la réalisation de cet objectif soulève d’autres difficultés qui poussent à s’interroger sur les limites de l’action européenne et par la même, sur les limites du fonctionnement de l’Union européenne. Les droits de l’enfant sont un domaine particulier car ils emportent des aspects juridiques certes, mais pas seulement. L’Union européenne en décidant d’incorporer leur protection au sein de ses objectifs internationaux, se trouve dans une situation d’équilibriste tout particulièrement au regard de la situation internationale actuelle mêlant conflits armés, crise humanitaire et mouvements migratoires importants. Force est de constater que face à cette situation, l’Union connait de nombreuses difficultés à réaliser cette protection internationale des droits de l’enfant voire même à lui faire une place au sein de son action extérieure. / The Treaty of Lisbon has deeply changed the scope of the external action of the European Union. One of the most important changes it has made to the European Union's external action is the constitutional objectives it now has to meet. Indeed, Article 3 §5 of the Treaty on EU concerns the international objectives of the EU. Among these objectives, one of them is particularly important. Firstly, because it reflects a new interest of the EU and, on the other hand, because it was unexpected: it is the aim of protecting children’s rights. The new status of the protection of children's rights in EU law has been relatively unnoticed and the doctrine has barely relayed it. This new aim on the international scene raises several questions related to the existence of legal tools for its realization or to the effectiveness of the measures adopted to protect children’s rights at an international level. These different issues are answered. However, the achievement of this objective reveals other difficulties that raise issues about the limits of European action and therefore the limits of the functioning of the EU. Children’s rights are a particular matter because they carry legal aspects, of course, but not only. The European Union, by deciding to incorporate their protection into its international objectives, finds itself in a balancing act, particularly in regard of the current international context, which combines armed conflicts, humanitarian crisis and major migratory movements. It is clear that, faced with this situation, there are many difficulties encountered by the EU for the achievement of this aim of protection of children’s right and even in making it a part of its external action.

External gear machines (EGMs) are used in a variety of industries ranging from fluid power machinery to fluid handling systems and fuel injection applications. Energy efficiency requirements and new trends in hydraulic technology necessitate the development of novel EGMs optimized for efficiency and reliability in all of these applications. A crucial piece in the novel EGM development process is a numerical model that can simulate the operation of EGM and predict its volumetric and hydro-mechanical performance.<div><br></div><div>The EGM simulation models developed in the past have focused mostly on the challenges related to the modeling of the theoretical behavior and elementary fluid dynamics, and determining appropriate modeling schemes. Key aspects related to the flow and geometry are either considered in a simplified manner or not considered at all. In particular, the current simulation models assume the fluid to be Newtonian and the leakage flows to be laminar. However, EGMs working in fluid handling applications operate with non-Newtonian fluids. Further, in fuel injection applications, due to low fluid viscosity and high operating speed, the internal leakage flows may not remain laminar.</div><div><br></div><div>With respect to the geometric aspects, the gears in EGMs are prone to manufacturing errors that are not accounted by any simulation model. In addition, there is no method available in the literature for accurately modeling the leakage flows through curve-constricted geometries in EGMs. Further, the goal of current simulation tools is related to the prediction of the volumetric performance of EGMs. However, an equally important characteristic, hydro-mechanical performance, is often ignored. Finally, the energy flow during EGM operation can result in the variation of the fluid temperature. Thus, the isothermal assumption of current simulation tools is another major limitation.</div><div><br></div><div>The work presented in this dissertation is focused on developing numerical methodologies for the modeling of EGMs that addresses all the aforementioned limitations of the current models. In this work, techniques for evaluating non-Newtonian internal flows in EGMs is developed to permit an accurate modelling of EGMs working with non-Newtonian fluids. For fuel injection EGMs, flow regime at the tooth tips of the gears is investigated and it is shown that the flow becomes turbulent for such EGMs. A methodology for modeling this turbulent flow is proposed and its impact on the performance of EGMs is described. To include gear manufacturing errors in the simulation model, numerical techniques are developed for modeling the effects of two common gear manufacturing errors: conicity and concentricity. These two errors are shown to have an opposite impact on the volumetric efficiency of the EGM. For the evaluation of flows through curve-constricted leakage paths in EGMs, a novel flow model is developed in this work that is applicable for a wide range of geometry and flow conditions. Modeling of the hydro-mechanical efficiency of EGMs is accomplished by developing methodologies for the evaluation of torque losses at key interfaces. Finally, to account for the thermal effects in EGMs, a thermal model is developed to predict the temperature distribution in the EGM and its impact on the EGM performance.</div><div><br></div><div><div>To validate the numerical methodologies developed in this work, several experiments are conducted on commercial gear pumps as well as on a custom apparatus designed and manufactured in the course of this research work. The results from the experiments are found to match those obtained from the simulations which indicates the validity of the methodologies developed in this work. </div><div><br></div><div>These numerical methodologies are based on the lumped parameter approach to allow the coupling with mechanical models for gear micromotion and permit fast computations so that the model can be used in optimization algorithms to develop energy efficient and reliable EGMs.</div><div><br></div><div>The methodologies described in the dissertation are useful for accurate analysis of a variety of EGMs working with different types of fluids and at wide range of operating conditions. This capability will be valuable for pump designers in developing novel better performing EGM designs optimized for various applications.</div><div><br></div></div>

This paper studies the dynamics of the EU external migration policy by applying the external governance theory on the Global approach to migration (GAM) while exploring the nature of migration relations between the Union and the third countries. The Global approach to migration is based on the integration of migration issues (based on four thematic dimensions) in the EU external relations and on strengthening cooperation and dialogue with partner countries. The aim of the thesis is to clarify by the theory of external governance the relations between the EU and partner countries with which the EU cooperates in the management of migration flows. More specifically, the thesis focuses on mutual relations, which are reflected in cooperation on migration issues and answers the question whether GAM raised a qualitative change in relations between the EU and partner countries. Further, the text aspires on the reflection of the international role of the EU in its external relations of migration. The thesis identifies 10 major platforms of cooperation between the EU and third countries: (1) The European Neighbourhood Policy, (2) The Euro-African Process on Migration and Development, (3) The EU-Africa Partnership on Migration, Mobility and Employment, (4) The Union for Mediterranean, (5) Dialogue on...