Les mécanismes par lesquels les charges mécaniques et électriques agissent sur le tissu osseux dans son ensemble, et sur les ostéoblastes, en particulier, sont encore mal compris. La réponse des ostéoblastes soumis à un seul type de stimulus physique a été comparée à celle obtenue par des combinaisons de plusieurs signaux mécaniques et/ou électriques. Dans la perspective d’améliorer l’ostéointégration des biomatériaux, nos études ont porté principalement sur les deux composants essentiels pour le succès de la greffe d’un biomatériau : la matrice extracellulaire (MEC) qui sert d’interface entre le biomatériau et l’hôte ainsi que les facteurs angiogéniques. Nous avons étudié les réponses des ostéoblastes à des contraintes mécaniques complexes basées sur des signaux de « basse amplitude haute fréquence » (BAHF) appliquées à un modèle de culture 3D (hydroxyapatite macroporeux). Nous montrons donc qu’une stimulation mécanique simple (3Hz) peut être potentialisée par des BAHF appropriées (25 Hz). Un dispositif a été développé pour appliquer des contraintes mécaniques très BAHF sur des modèles de culture 2D. La synthèse de la MEC est favorisée et ses propriétés ostéogéniques sont augmentées sous BAHF. Les BAHF n’ont pas d’effet sur le VEGF. Un autre dispositif a permis d’appliquer un champ électrique aux cultures cellulaires. Quelques paramètres nous indiquent que les cellules perçoivent le champ électrique, mais nous retenons que le VEGF n’est pas affecté. En revanche, la combinaison de ces stimulations physiques (contrainte mécanique très BAHF et champ électrique) augmente l’expression de plusieurs facteurs impliqués dans l’angiogénèse (VEGF, TGFβ1, FGF2…). Les sollicitations complexes définies dans cette thèse pourraient être un outil pour fonctionnaliser un substitut osseux cellularisé / Over the course of a day, weight bearing bones experience numerous stimulations : mechanical loadings varying in magnitude and frequency, but also electric fields. However, the biological effects of mechanical strain or electrical field on bone cells are poorly understood. In the present in vitro study, osteoblasts were submitted to only one kind of physical stimulus or a combination of stimuli, and the responses were compared. In the perspective of improving the qualities of bone substitute, we analysed parameters essential for a successfull osteointegration : the extracellular matrice (ECM) as host-biomaterial interface, and angiogenic factors which induce implant vascularization. We investigated the effects of complex mechanical strains based on signals of "low magnitude / high frequency" (LMHF) applied to 3D cultures (macroporous hydroxyapatite). Our study shows that an appropriate combined strain regimen (3 Hz+25Hz) has the potential to functionalise cellularized bone-like constructs. ECM synthesis was promoted by LMHF and the osteogenic properties of this ECM were enhanced while VEGF was not affected. Another system was developed to apply an electric field to cell cultures. Some parameters indicated that cells are sensitive to electric fields ; however VEGF expression was not affected. In contrast, when the physical stimulations were combined (LMHF strain + electric field) gene expression of factors implicated in angiogenesis (VEGF, TGFß1, FGF2...) was increased. The complex stimuli whose effects were analysed in this work could be used as a tool for the functionalization of a cellularized bone substitutes

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Tuberculosis is the world’s leading cause of death from a single infective agent. The World Health Organisation has declared the disease a “global emergency”. Extrapulmonary presentations form a major proportion of new cases, especially since the advent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic. Therefore, it is important that oral health care workers are aware of tuberculosis in the head and neck region and its varied manifestations. This study reports on one hundred and four patients diagnosed with tuberculosis and with head and neck tuberculosis lesions.The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which tuberculosis presents in the head and neck region. It was a descriptive, retrospective, record-based study on a cohort of tuberculosis patients that presented with head and neck tuberculosis at private practices in the Durban area over a fourteen month period. A structured data capture sheet was the method chosen for recording the data.The majority of the sample (89.4%) had tuberculosis of the head and neck lymph nodes, five (4.8%) had tuberculosis of the tonsil, two (1.9%) had tuberculosis of the larynx, two (1.9%) had tuberculosis of the ear, one (1%) had parotid gland tuberculosis and one (1%) had tuberculosis of the nose. The records indicate that excision biopsy and histopathological examinations were used to make a diagnosis. A third (33.7%) of the patients were confirmed with human immunodeficiency virus infection.A high index of suspicion of tuberculosis is important in the differential diagnosis of neck swellings, hoarseness and otorrhoea and in human immunodeficiency virus positive patients with an enlarging neck mass. A biopsy is usually necessary for diagnosis. Successful outcome depends upon appropriate chemotherapy and timely surgical intervention when necessary. Oral health care workers need to be fully cognizant of all the various presentations of head and neck tuberculosis to allow early diagnosis and quick commencement of appropriate treatment.

Child sexual abuse is a worldwide problem throughout the history of mankind. Under the influence of Freud in the 1890’s, an impression was established that claims of sexual abuse were the result of hysterical symptoms in women. His theory of the oedipus complex, depicted girls as fantasizing about sexual attention of their fathers. Children were blamed for their own sexual abuse. In the 1960’s, activists for children’s rights brought the plight of children to the foreground. Despite the fact that child sexual abuse is declared as a crime today, in the public opinion children are not beyond suspicion of having initiated or contributed to their own sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse ravages childhood. The effect of sexual abuse on children and their families can not be underestimated. Child sexual abuse affects the child, the parents of the child, and the support system of the child by intense feelings of guilt, anger, blame and mistrust associated with the abuse. Role confusion and transgression of interpersonal boundaries before, during, and after the sexual abuse might occur in families affected by child sexual abuse. It is indicated that the victim, parents and the family system need to undergo a healings process after the ordeal of child sexual abuse. Even though professionals agree that sexual abuse of children has an initial and a long-term negative impact on a person’s life, the cause of this harm is not always agreed on. It appears if harm to the child is caused by the incident of the sexual abuse itself, as well as through the reaction of important others to the abused child. In this study, the researcher explored through a qualitative, applied study, the experiences of adolescents’ of the parental reaction after child sexual abuse. During the literature review, the researcher found that children might hesitate to disclose their sexual abuse to adults as a result of fear. Some children fear that adults will not believe them, blame them for being abused or they fear to cause harm to the family system by the disclosure. Empirical evidence in this study added the observation that children also might not disclose their abuse to parents because they could fear possible parental anger violently expressed towards the offender after disclosure. For the respondents this might lead to the removal of the parent out of the family system, and would implicate according to them, the breaking up of the known family system. Empirical evidence in this study confirms the opinion of literature that the way in which the parental structure responds to the sexual abuse of the adolescent, may be of major importance in predicting the adolescents’ ability to come to terms with the experience. Parents not validating the incident and conjugating effect of child sexual abuse on their child, might cause re-traumatization of the child and they could have a severe negative impact on the healing process of the child. As time goes by, parents might alter their negative response to the disclosure of the abuse, but respondents in this study were not always able to accept or benefit from the changed parental reaction. / Dissertation (MSD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Crown selected youth diversion has received little academic attention in Canada. As a process that channels offenders out of the formal legal system, diversion purports to achieve contradictory self-serving system and offender-based goals. Using 50 randomly selected prosecution files – half of which the Crown diverted and half of which the Crown prosecuted – a mixed method investigation of diversion assesses cases through quantitative content analysis and grounded theory method. Based on the quantitative analysis, it is argued that there is an emerging patterned nature of Crown selected diversion that is not completely benign. This patterned nature of diversion unearths a distinctive discourse of diversion/non-diversion. Qualitatively, it is argued that the cases are organized around three temporal moments that create an area for distinctions to be made in terms of threat, responsibility, (in)tolerableness and recourse. Seemingly, there is a persistent paradoxical existence of the diversion process that emerges from the case files.

The diploma thesis is devoted to effects of social policy on marriage and family in Czech Republic. Significant demografic phenomenon of last 20 years in Czech Republic is rise of extra-marital childbearing. Childbearing outside marriage is especially common in the case of first birth and has become typical of young mothers, the lowest-educated women and the high-unemployment regions. The increasing trend of bachelor mothers was connected with the transformation process and generous social system in 90's of 20th century. Young couples often do not get married and they pretend incomplete family in order to obtain social incomes. Ministry of Labour expected from changes in the state social support system as well as in the formation of living minimum the solution of the problem with purposeful cohabitation. The target of the thesis is to show that couples can profit from the purposeful cohabitation after these changes as well as before and demonstrate how much higher incomes can be and how much more state can pay on social benefits.

Med "En skola för alla", menas att det är skolans ansvar att anpassa sig, då alla barn skall ges rätt till inlärning och känna delaktighet oavsett svårigheter. De senaste åren har de låga resultaten i matematik i PISA undersökningarna larmat om att det är något i matematikundervisningen som måste göras. Matematiska kunskaper ses som avgörande för en individs liv, men även för hela samhällets utveckling. Skolverket har 2014 gett ut exempel på extra anpassningar och särskilt stöd, som hjälp till speciallärare och lärare. Jag har genom intervjuer undersökt hur speciallärare och matematiklärare beskriver att de arbetar med elever i matematiksvårigheter och vilka anpassningar speciallärarna och matematiklärarna vidtar i individuella utvecklingsplaner och åtgärdsprogram. De specialpedagogiska perspektiven, det relationella och kategoriska, används för att analysera data. Mitt resultat visar att det finns ett stort behov av att utveckla det förebyggande arbetet och screening, för att sätta in rätt anpassningar. För att utveckla en naturlig taluppfattning behöver behoven uppmärksammas tidigt hos eleven och rätt stöd sättas in.

Orientador: Renato Mazzonetto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T00:56:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maurette_MarvisAllaisde_M.pdf: 1769240 bytes, checksum: 3ddb933e447862c0ef2db5b11338ce9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar clínica, radiográfica e subjetivamente a técnica de distração osteogênica alveolar (DOA) na reconstrução de rebordos alveolares atróficos. Foram avaliados 55 pacientes, submetidos a reconstrução alveolar vertical com distração osteogênica, por meio de um distrator justa-ósseo, na Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Do total dos pacientes, 51% foram operados na região posterior de mandíbula, 40% na região anterior de maxila, 5% na região anterior de mandíbula e 4% na região posterior de maxila. O ganho ósseo vertical médio obtido para cada uma das respectivas regiões foi: 4,49mm; 7,46 mm; 6,09mm e 6,32mm com um ganho médio total de 6,09mm. Em relação às complicações encontradas durante o tratamento, 14 pacientes (25,45%) apresentaram complicações classificadas como menores, ou seja, todas aquelas que não interferiram com o resultado final do tratamento e 6 pacientes (10,90%) apresentaram complicações maiores que causaram a falha da técnica. Os pacientes submetidos ao estudo, foram ainda avaliados por meio de um questionário buscando a percepção dos eventos trans e pós-operatórios. Entre as respostas obtidas dos pacientes temos que 80% acharam que a cirurgia foi suportável, assim como o período pós-operatório (84%), não sentindo dor durante as ativações (88%) descrevendo somente uma sensação de pressão (58%) neste momento, não apresentando, de uma forma geral, dificuldade na ativação do aparelho (74%). Dos pacientes avaliados, 22% responderam que a haste de ativação era desconfortável ou altamente desconfortável, interferindo em algumas funções bucais. Cabe destacar que 78% dos pacientes se submeteriam novamente à cirurgia caso fosse necessário e que quando comparados com outros métodos de reconstrução como enxerto por exemplo, 80% dos pacientes referiram que este último era consideravelmente mais desconfortável. A técnica de DOA, demonstrou ser eficaz na reconstrução de rebordos alveolares atróficos com um sucesso de 89,09%, apresentando pequenas complicações que podem ser solucionadas por meio de uma pronta intervenção por parte do profissional. Apesar de ser uma técnica relativamente traumática, tem uma aceitação alta entre os pacientes submetidos a ela, porém alguns detalhes como a interferência da haste de ativação continua incomodando ao paciente. Cabe destacar que, quando comparada com os enxertos ósseos a aceitação é muito maior / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical, radiographic and subjectively the alveolar distraction osteogenesis technique (ADO) in the reconstruction of atrophy alveolar ridges. Fifty-five patients were submitted to the alveolar reconstruction with distraction osteogenesis, using a extra-alveolar distractor - 51% were operated in the posterior mandible area; 40% in the anterior maxilla; 5% in the anterior mandible region and 4% in the posterior maxilla. The mean real bone gain for each region was 4,49mm ; 7,46 mm; 6,09 mm and 6,32 mm respectively, with a mean of 6,09 mm. Complications presented during the treatment were minor in 14 patients (25,45%), and major complications in 6 patients (10,90%). Patients who were treated with this technique evaluates the perception of trans and postoperative events. The results showed that 80% thought the surgery is bearable, as well as in the postoperative period (84%), they didn't feel pain during the activations (88%) only pressure sensation (58%), and they didn't present difficulty in the activation of the apparel (74%). However 22% of the patients answered that the activation stem was uncomfortable or highly uncomfortable, interfering in some oral functions. 78% of patients would undergo the surgery again and that when compared with other reconstruction methods as bone graft for instance 80% of the patients referred that this was considerably more uncomfortable. The technique of ADO demonstrated to be effective in reconstruction of atrophic alveolar ridges with a success rate of 89,09%, with minor complications that can be solved with an opportune attendance by the professional. To weigh of being a technique relatively traumatic, it has a high acceptance among the patients submitted to it, however some details as the interference of the activation stem continue inconveniencing the patient. It fits to highlight that when compared with the bone grafts the acceptance is very larger / Mestrado / Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Orientador: Orlando Luis Goulart Peres / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T13:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BastoGonzalez_VictorSaul_D.pdf: 37659795 bytes, checksum: f4492cea9594ac4fbffc288a0c46526a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Motivados pelos indícios experimentais da existência de um quarto neutrino, que surge nos dados de oscilações coletados nos experimentos de aparecimento e desaparecimento de neutrinos, e pela possibilidade teórica de explicar a pequena massa dos neutrinos através de dimensões extras grandes, fizemos análises em procura de vestígios destas duas motivações nos experimentos IceCube e KATRIN. A existência deste quarto neutrino implicaria 1) que existem mais neutrinos que os três tipos de neutrinos do Modelo Padrão da física de partículas, 2) que as interações deste novo neutrino não são descritas pelo Modelo Padrão, 3) que os parâmetros da mistura dos três tipos de neutrinos do Modelo Padrão seriam afetados pela mistura com este novo neutrino e 4) que a diferença dos quadrados das massas, ?m^{2}, associada a este neutrino seria grande, ?m^{2} ~1 eV^{2}. Usando os dados de neutrinos atmosféricos de IceCube, podemos indagar pela existência do quarto neutrino, pois para, ?m^{2} ~1 eV^{2} acontece uma conversão de sabor devida ao efeito de matéria sobre o neutrino no intervalo de energias analisado no IceCube. Assim, este efeito de matéria permite-nos pôr limites sobre os parâmetros que governam as oscilações de neutrinos estéreis. O experimento KATRIN procurará medir a massa do neutrino. Esta medida será feita analisando a cinemática dos elétrons emitidos no decaimento beta do Trítio que é uma medida independente do modelo físico, pois está fundamentada na conservação da energia. A presença de estados mais pesados, como os que existem quando neutrinos estéreis estão presentes, nos permitirá vincular estes neutrinos estéreis. Especificamente, analisamos em KATRIN indícios de um e dois neutrinos estéreis e também de dimensões extras grandes / Abstract: Motivated by the experimental evidence of the existence of a fourth neutrino, which arises from the data collected of neutrino oscillations in appearance and disappearance experiments, and by the theoretical possibility to explain the smallness of the mass of the neutrinos through large extra dimensions, we performed analyses in search of seeking indication of these two motivations in the IceCube and KATRIN experiments. The existence of this fourth neutrino would imply 1) that there are more types of neutrinos than the three types of neutrinos present in the Standard Model of particle physics, 2) that this new neutrino interactions are not described by the Standard Model, 3) that the parameters of the three neutrinos mixing would be affected by mixing with this new type of neutrino, and 4) that the squared-mass difference , ?m^{2} associated with this new neutrino would be large, , ?m^{2} ~1 eV^{2}. Using the atmospheric neutrino data from IceCube, we can investigate the existence of the fourth neutrino because a flavor conversion happens in the limit , ?m^{2} ~1 eV^{2} due to the effect of matter on the neutrino in the range of energies analyzed in the IceCube. Thus, this matter effect allows us to constrain the parameters that govern the sterile neutrino oscillations. The KATRIN experiment will seek to measure the neutrino mass. This measure will be performed by analyzing the kinematics of electrons emitted in the tritium beta decay, which is an independent measure of the physical model because it is based on energy conservation. The presence of heavier states such as those that exist when sterile neutrinos are present, will allow us to constrain these sterile neutrinos. Specifically, we analyze in KATRIN evidence of one and two sterile neutrinos and also of large extra dimensions / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Olga Rodrigues de Moraes von Simson / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:46:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_ValeriaAroeira_D.pdf: 5167668 bytes, checksum: dce6950aff6f9a3cafa215d1c15db813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa se propõe a analisar a criação do conceito de educação nãoformal partindo da filosofia deleuziana, que compreende a criação de um conceito com seus movimentos e suas recriações. Nessa perspectiva, defendemos a educação não-formal como um conceito autônomo, com fazeres particulares e um campo próprio, a partir de uma lógica específica de funcionamento. Através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, considerando autores internacionais, especialmente espanhóis, norteamericanos e autores brasileiros, a trajetória histórica do conceito de educação não-formal é apresentada, tanto internacionalmente, quanto nacionalmente. A educação não-formal é analisada a partir das políticas públicas para crianças, adolescentes e jovens, e nesse contexto é considerada sua relação com a educação social, assim como uma pequena apresentação e discussão da trajetória da educação social no Brasil. Foram pesquisadas três instituições de caráter não-formal em Campinas (SP) e região, sendo uma de origem religiosa, uma vinculada ao poder público e uma de caráter comunitário. A partir da pesquisa de campo, as concepções dos educadores dessas instituições foram consideradas como constituintes da criação de nuances do conceito de educação não-formal. Consideramos ainda as idéias divulgadas pela grande imprensa sobre os fazeres da educação não-formal e como os meios de comunicação vêm divulgando esse campo. Dessa maneira, a presente pesquisa se preocupou em cartografar a educação não-formal, não como um campo descoberto, ou como um conceito estático, mas como um conceito em movimento, que vem sendo criado e recriado em diferentes momentos e locais. Percebe-se, dessa forma, que o conceito de educação não-formal assume diferentes nuances, em função de que país e de que época histórica abordamos. / Abstract: This doctoral thesis intends to analyze the creation of the concept of non formal education, starting from the deleuzian philosophy, which encompasses the creation of a concept together with its movements and its re-creations. Under this perspective, we defend the idea of nonformal education as na autonomous concept, with its particular makings and a proper field, and a specific logic of functioning. Through the supporting bibliography, which considered foreigners authors, and specially Spanish, North American and Brazilian authors, the historic trajectory of the concept of nonformal education is presented, both in international contexts as in the Brazilian context. The nonformal education is analyzed from the point of view of the public policies targeting children, adolescents, and young adult students, and under such context, we consider its relationship with the social education. We also do a short presentation and discussion on the trajectory of the social education in Brazil. We analyzed three educational institutions of nonformal character in the region of the city of Campinas (State of São Paulo), one of them having a religious origin, another related to the public administration, and the third one having a community character. From the field research, the conceptions of the educators from these institutions were considered as the elements for the creation of concept of nonformal education. We also considered the ideas publicized through the mass media respect to the makings - activities related to nonformal education, as well as the way the communication channels talk about this field. In this way, the present research was concerned in picturing and understanding the nonformal education not as a discovered field, not as a static concept, but instead, as a concept in movement, which is being created and re-created in different moments and different places. With that in mind, we realize that the concept of non-formal education assumes different forms, depending on the country and depending on the period we are focusing. / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutor em Educação

Sammanfattning Föreliggande studie syftar till att bidra med kunskap om organisatoriskt stöd i grundskolan. Med organisatoriskt stöd avses det stöd som läraren inte kan ge eleven genom extra anpassningar eller sin pedagogik. Det organisatoriska stödet kräver organisatoriska förutsättningar exempelvis i form av tillgång till speciallärare, datorer, lokaler, assistenter eller anpassad gruppstorlek. För att varje elev ska utvecklas så bra som möjligt behöver vissa elever erhålla mer stöd än andra. Om det inte räcker med extra anpassningar krävs särskilt stöd, som till stor del påverkas av skolans organisatoriska förutsättningar. Det vi i studien avser att studera är det stöd som är avhängigt av skolans organisation, i högre grad än lärarens pedagogiska förmåga. Det organisatoriska stödet är betydelsefullt för möjligheten till en likvärdig skola för alla. Studiens syfte var att öka kunskapen om det organisatoriska stödet för elever i läs- och skrivsvårigheter i några grundskolor, med avseende på de stöd som ges, vilka stödformer lärarna vill ha, hur beslut om stöd fattas, samt hur stödet utvärderas. Den metod som använts i studien är semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer, som genomförts med tolv lärare på olika grundskolor i Sverige. Studien visar att lärarna identifierar nivågruppering, egen dator, tillgång till speciallärare i klassrummet samt en-till-en träning hos specialläraren som tillgängligt organisatoriskt stöd för elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter, som lärarna vill använda. Elevens lärare fattar beslut om extra anpassningar och om det inte anses räcka till ska behovet utredas av rektor. Beslut om särskilt stöd, vilket i regel är mer omfattande och pågår under en längre tid, tas av rektor och ett åtgärdsprogram utarbetas. Undersökningen påvisar att undervisning kan ske i olika grupper, att stöd i form av tillgång till dator ofta finns, men att stöd av speciallärare ofta sätts in för sent och i för liten utsträckning. Rutiner som tydliggöra hur stödinsatser ska implementeras, följas upp och utvärderas finns inte i tillräcklig omfattning.    Nyckelord: läs- och skrivsvårigheter, organisatoriskt stöd, extra anpassningar, tidiga insatser, särskilt stöd