The present study assesses the effects of extraversion, empathy, and humor style on humor score, while specifically focusing on the introverted sense of humor. 129 participants recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk took a survey consisting of the extraversion subscale of the Ten Item Short Version of the Big Five Inventory, the Humor Styles Questionnaire, and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The study supported previous findings in which extraversion positively relates to humor such that extraverts reported a greater usage of humor than did introverts. More specifically, both extraverts and introverts use adaptive humor styles (i.e. affiliative and self-enhancing humor) more than they use maladaptive humor styles (i.e. aggressive and self-defeating humor). Additionally, empathy and humor style interact such that empathetic individuals favor adaptive humor styles while unempathetic individuals have relatively heightened usage of the maladaptive humor styles while still primarily using the adaptive humor styles, no matter the level of extraversion.

The problem with which this investigation is concerned is that of determining the effects of videotaping and subsequent playback on the communication performance of introverted and extroverted individuals. The principal method of determining these effects is the subjective judgment of a panel of qualified speech instructors who viewed videotaped speeches made by the subjects. All subjects were repeatedly subjected to videotaping, and half were exposed to playback. Statistically, by using one-way analysis of covariance, the effects of playback were measured: The speaking scores achieved by the experimental introverts and extroverts were compared with the speaking scores of the control introverts and extroverts. Sixty-four subjects were used; these were limited to college students enrolled in the teacher-education program. To carry out the purposes of the study, the following hypotheses were tested: 1. There will be a significant difference between the scores of introverted trainees who are videotaped and exposed to playback and the scores of introverted trainees who are videotaped but not exposed to playback. 2. There will be a significant difference in the scores of extroverted trainees who are videotaped and exposed to playback and the scores of extroverted trainees who are videotaped but not exposed to playback.

The thesis deals with the differences between Female-to-Male (FtM) and Male-to-Female (MtF) transsexuals, focusing on their intelligence and personality traits. The aim of the study was to compare the results between male and female transsexuals in these two areas and to recognize if the distribution of given personality traits corresponds more to their biological sex or to the gender identity. In the theoretical part of the work, studies about males and females in the population are presented and put into a broader context of the studies concerning FtM and MtF transsexuals, while using all accessible literature. The research comprises of data comparison of 200 transsexuals (100 MtF and 100 FtM) using Raven's Progressive matrices and DOPEN questionnaire. The results were evaluated by the statistical analysis and were later compared to the norms for men and women in population. There were found no differences in intelligence in both groups of transsexuals. Both groups' intelligence (IQ 117) is slightly above-average. Using the Raven's Progressive matrices, higher variability of results was measured in the MtF group. Male-to-Female transsexuals reached significantly higher scores in neuroticism compared to Female-to-Male group. This scale was identified as significantly higher in both groups when...

The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis of Eysenck proclaiming that the psychopaths are more extraverted than the ordinary population. The author reached the conclusion that Eysenck understood psychopathy as a concept similar to the dissocial personality disorder. Based on these grounds it was deemed reasonable to test the hypothesis on individuals with such a diagnosis. The author choose the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R) and the 4Elements Questionnaire which allowed her to test the hypothesis with regards to the various aspects of the dimension of extraversion. The research confirmed that the individuals diagnosed with the dissocial personality disorder reach higher values on the scale measured by the EPQ-R than are the values shown for the general population. A significant positive correlation was also found between the scale of extraversion measured by the EPQ-R and the element of fire measured by the 4Elements test. However, no correlation was found between extraversion and the element of air. Based on these results the author concludes that the individuals with the dissocial personality disorder are more extraverted than the general population, primarily due to the higher scores in the items monitoring impulsivity, liveliness and ascendance.

Após a viagem inaugural de Vasco da Gama, os portugueses traçaram um projeto ambicioso de controle das rotas e dos entrepostos comerciais do oceano Índico, que previa a instalação de feitorias nas cidades africanas costeiras de Quiloa e Sofala. A importância dessa última residia na sua proximidade com os centros produtores de ouro do interior do continente, principalmente o reino do Monomotapa, identificado pelos contemporâneos como o mais rico e poderoso da região. Se no início de sua presença na costa índica os lusitanos aguardaram os mercadores africanos dentro da fortaleza, a partir da queda do volume nos negócios os comerciantes particulares e representantes da Coroa passaram a prospectar o sertão em busca das fontes de riqueza que escapavam da feitoria, desviadas pelas redes mercantis muçulmanas para a cidade de Angoche. Em duas fases distintas, o movimento português em direção ao sertão do continente africano se desenrolou ao longo de todo o século XVI e seus atores produziram grande volume de documentos sobre as diversas características das sociedades com que travaram contato. A partir do vasto conjunto documental, e partindo do pressuposto de que a aplicação de uma metodologia de leitura crítica das fontes nos permitiria acessar, ainda que não em sua totalidade, características das estruturas sociais, políticas e econômicas shona, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar a história política do reino do Monomotapa ao longo do Quinhentos, tendo como ponto de partida a investigação dos interesses que levaram os mutapas a estabelecer relações amistosas com os lusitanos que penetraram em seu território. Ainda que o foco central não seja a presença dos portugueses em África, entendemos que a história do Monomotapa no século XVI somente pode ser compreendida a partir do contato, uma vez que o encontro dos projetos e interesses shona e português provocou o surgimento de novos contextos e arranjos significativos para as dinâmicas históricas dessa região. / After the inaugural trip of Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese have drawn an ambitious project for the control of routes and trading posts of the Indian Ocean, which included the installation of trading stations in the African coastal cities of Kilwa and Sofala. The importance of the latter lays in its proximity to the gold producers in the outback, especially in the Kingdom of the Monomotapa - identified by contemporaries as the richest and most powerful in the region. At the beginning of its presence on the coast, the Portuguese traders waited for African merchants inside the fortress. As the volume of business decreased, the private traders and agents of the Crown began to explore the wilderness due to the seeking of wealth sources that did not reach the feitoria of Sofala. By that time, Muslims had shifted commercial networks for the city of Angoche. In two different phases, the Portuguese movement towards the hinterland of the continent took place throughout the sixteenth century. This research relies on the vast amount of documents left behind by the Portuguese when they passed that encounter . It is based on the assumption that the use of a methodology of critical reading of the sources allows us to approach Shonas political, social and economic structures. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the political history of the kingdom of Monomotapa throughout the sixteenth century, starting with the research of the interests which led the Mutapas to establish friendly relations with the Lusitanians who invaded their territory. Even though the Portuguese presence in Africa is not our main focus, we understand that the history of Monomotapa in the sixteenth century can only be understood through the analysis of the contact of this people with the Portuguese. This is to say that the projects and interests of the Shona and the Portuguese led to the rise of new contexts and significant arrangements for the historical dynamics in this region.

Personality variables have been shown to be significant predictors of job performance (Barrick & Mount, 1991; Tett, Jackson, & Rothstein, 1991). Recent advances in methodology for analyzing personality-job performance relationships indicate that interactions among traits may yield incremental validity. Job types in which performance has been shown to relate to trait interactions include clerical jobs, jobs with high interpersonal components, and jobs in realistic and conventional contexts, (Witt, Burke, Barrick, & Mount, 2002; Burke & Witt, 2002; and Burke & Witt, 2004). This study examined the validity of trait interactions for the prediction of managerial job performance. Hypotheses included a main effect for Conscientiousness, an interaction between Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, an interaction between Extraversion and Neuroticism, and finally, a three-way interaction between Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness. An archival dataset from Personnel Decisions, International (n=680 managers) containing GPI personality scores and supervisor-rated performance scores was analyzed to test the hypotheses. Correlations and moderated hierarchical linear regressions were performed to estimate the relationships of the predictors to the criterion, and to learn whether examination of trait interactions contributes incremental validity to the single trait scales. A main effect for Conscientiousness on managerial job performance was found. No trait interactions explained incremental variance in performance scores. Therefore, Conscientiousness is the recommended personality scale to use for selecting managers. This finding is consistent with previous research on the relation of Conscientiousness to job performance in managers (Barrick & Mount, 1991). Managers from diverse organizations and industries comprised the sample, increasing the generalizability of the results. Directions for future research include the examination of other trait interactions, more specific criteria such as competencies rather than overall managerial job performance, and effects of the hierarchical level of the manager in the organization.

The focus of this dissertation is exploring personality factors that impact performance within a small insurance agency. The primary research question is, what is (or are) the best personality factor(s), sub-facets, or constructs, that contribute to increased performance within an insurance agency. Three of the Five-Factor Model dimensions, extroversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience along with grit and hardiness were examined, as well as their sub-facets. Grit and hardiness were not found to add additional explanation of the variance while five of the sub-facets were found to better explain the variance over the composite dimensions.

Tidigare forskning kring pojkars självkänsla och kroppsmissnöje i relation till massmedieanvändning, extraversion och BMI har utfallit något olika och är inte lika omfattande som forskningen kring flickor. Syftet med denna undersökning var att ta reda på om massmedia, extraversion och BMI har betydelse för tonåriga pojkars självkänsla och kroppsuppfattning. Kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning användes. Sjuttiotvå gymnasiestuderande pojkar besvarade enkäten som innehöll instrument för att mäta BMI, extraversion, kroppsmissnöje, massmedieanvändning och självkänsla. Resultatet visade att massmedieanvändning inte korrelerar med vare sig självkänsla eller kroppsmissnöje. Extraversion hade däremot betydelse för självkänsla; ju högre grad av extraversion desto högre självkänsla hade deltagarna. BMI hade betydelse för kroppsmissnöje enligt EDE-Q (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire); ju högre BMI desto högre kroppsmissnöje.

Abstrakt Syftet med denne undersökelsen var å se om det fantes et samband mellom lönn og vekt og utenforskap og vekt inom kriminalvården og det ble sjekket om extroversion, kjönn og alder hadde noen påvirkning på dette. Det ble brukt en delvis selvkonstruert enkät med 22 av  Eysenck´s extraversionsspörsmål (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). Det ble konstruert spörsmål om utenforskap og fysikk og stilt spörsmål om lönn, vekt og alder. Dette ble gjort  for å se om det fantes et  samband mellom disse faktorene. Personene som var med i denne studien jobbet alle inom kriminalvården (n=48), 21 kvinner og 27 menn med en middelalder på 42,91 år (sd=12,46). Studien er gjort på grunnlag av ulike studier som viser at det finnes et signifikant  samband mellom lönn og vekt, vekt og extraversion og vekt og utenforskap, og at det finnes utpregede negative stereotyper om overvektige personer. Funnene i denne studie viste ikke det samme som  andre studier viser når det gjelder lönn og vekt; det fantes ikke noen signifikant samband mellom disse variablene. Det fantes derimot et signifikant negativt samband mellom vekt og utenforskap. Dette kan indikere at inom kriminalvården ses det ikke  på som noe negativt om man har höyere vekt men kanskje mer som en styrke i den daglige interaksjonene med intagna. Nökkelord: Ekstraversion, utenforskap, stereotyper, overvekt, diskriminering / Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between salary and weight and social isolation and weight for prison officers and to see if extraversion, gender and age had any influence on these. The instrument that was used was a partly self-designed questionnaire with 22 of Eysenck´s questions about extraversion (Eysenck &  Eysenck, 1975).  Questions were designed to measure the feeling of social isolation and physical condition, questions were asked about wages, weight and age to see if there were any significant relationship between these factors. The  people who worked in  treatment of offenders (N=48) were part of this study, 21 women and 27 men with a mean age of 42,91 years (std=12,46). This study was done on the basis of different studies that show a significant relationship between salary and weight, weight and extraversion and weight and the feeling of social isolation, and that larger people are stereotypically viewed negatively. The findings in this study however show something else than the other studies show concerning salary and weight; it was no significant relationship  between these variables. Between weight and the feeling of social isolation however, a negative significant relationship was found. This can indicate that it doesn´t  have to be negative to be large bodied when working with prisoners but maybe it is seen as an asset in the daily intervention with the inmates. Keywords: Extraversion, social isolation, stereotyping, overweight, discrimination.

<p>Abstrakt</p><p>Syftet med denne undersökelsen var å se om det fantes et samband mellom lönn og vekt og utenforskap og vekt inom kriminalvården og det ble sjekket om extroversion, kjönn og alder hadde noen påvirkning på dette. Det ble brukt en delvis selvkonstruert enkät med 22 av  Eysenck´s extraversionsspörsmål (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). Det ble konstruert spörsmål om utenforskap og fysikk og stilt spörsmål om lönn, vekt og alder. Dette ble gjort  for å se om det fantes et  samband mellom disse faktorene. Personene som var med i denne studien jobbet alle inom kriminalvården (<em>n</em>=48), 21 kvinner og 27 menn med en middelalder på 42,91 år (<em>sd=</em>12,46<em>)</em>. Studien er gjort på grunnlag av ulike studier som viser at det finnes et signifikant  samband mellom lönn og vekt, vekt og extraversion og vekt og utenforskap, og at det finnes utpregede negative stereotyper om overvektige personer. Funnene i denne studie viste ikke det samme som  andre studier viser når det gjelder lönn og vekt; det fantes ikke noen signifikant samband mellom disse variablene. Det fantes derimot et signifikant negativt samband mellom vekt og utenforskap. Dette kan indikere at inom kriminalvården ses det ikke  på som noe negativt om man har höyere vekt men kanskje mer som en styrke i den daglige interaksjonene med intagna.</p><p><em>Nökkelord: Ekstraversion, utenforskap, stereotyper, overvekt, diskriminering</em></p><p> </p> / <p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between salary and weight and social isolation and weight for prison officers and to see if extraversion, gender and age had any influence on these. The instrument that was used was a partly self-designed questionnaire with 22 of Eysenck´s questions about extraversion (Eysenck &  Eysenck, 1975).  Questions were designed to measure the feeling of social isolation and physical condition, questions were asked about wages, weight and age to see if there were any significant relationship between these factors. The  people who worked in  treatment of offenders (N=48) were part of this study, 21 women and 27 men with a mean age of 42,91 years (<em>std</em>=12,46). This study was done on the basis of different studies that show a significant relationship between salary and weight, weight and extraversion and weight and the feeling of social isolation, and that larger people are stereotypically viewed negatively. The findings in this study however show something else than the other studies show concerning salary and weight; it was no significant relationship  between these variables. Between weight and the feeling of social isolation however, a negative significant relationship was found. This can indicate that it doesn´t  have to be negative to be large bodied when working with prisoners but maybe it is seen as an asset in the daily intervention with the inmates.</p><p><em>Keywords: Extraversion, social isolation, stereotyping, overweight, discrimination.</em></p>