<p>Denna rapport är utförd av studenterna Josef Eid och Sebastian Svensson och gäller examensarbetet på 15 poäng som ägde rum vårterminen 2005. Examensarbetet var den slutgiltiga kursen på utbildningen Innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet (120 poäng) på Karlstads Universitet. Arbetets uppdragsgivare var företaget Woodstar AB. Kontaktperson på företaget var Tommy Andersson och handledare i kursen var Lennart Wihk på universitetet.</p><p>Företaget Woodstar tillverkar fordon anpassade för rörelsehindrade personer. Företaget låg i slutskedet med utvecklandet av det nya fordonet Woodstar Extreme, som är en banracer. Woodstar Extreme har syftet att fylla ett behov samt att förverkliga en dröm om att gemensamt och integrerat kunna idka motorsport på lika villkor, oavsett rörelsehinder.</p><p>Huvuduppgiften var att ta fram en design till banracerns karosseri. Studenterna tog fram ett koncept som innebar en heltäckande kaross med en separat kåpa. Hela karosseriet lyfts bort som en enda enhet vid behov, till exempel då en rörelsehindrad ska stiga på. Kåpan kan tas av separat eller följa med hela karossen. Karossen kommer att ha ganska låg vikt eftersom den görs i lätt glasfiber. Designen upplevs svara mot de semantiska kraven på en klassisk sportvagn med ett unikt utseende. Den är även aerodynamiskt godkänd med luftintag fram och på sidan, samt luftuttag baktill. Detta visualiserades med en animering, en digital modell och en plastmodell.</p><p>Josef och Sebastian tillverkade även själva pluggen till karossen vilken Woodstar skulle göra glasfiberkaross av. Studenterna kommer att fungera som handledare och assistera företaget fram tills karossen blir slutförd.</p><p>Redovisningen av projektet gick bra men utställning var något medioker. Pluggen tog längre tid än planerat, främst på grund av onödig tid på finslipning av pluggen. Studenterna tog på sig för mycket arbete (hade räckt med konceptframtagning), men de har med sitt engagemang för projektet skapat sina förutsättningar själva. De har lärt sig en hel del och haft riktigt kul. Parterna har haft ett bra samarbete i detta digra men vällyckade projekt.</p> / <p>This report was written in the spring 2005 at Karlstad University by Josef Eid and Sebastian Svensson. The report contains their examination work (15 points) which was the final course in their education, Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering. The assigner for this project was the company Woodstar AB. Tommy Andersson was their contact at Woodstar and Lennart Wihk was their examiner at the university.</p><p>Woodstar manufactures vehicles adjustable for disabled persons. The Company was in the final stages in developing their Woodstar Extreme, which is a new racing car for tracks. Woodstar Extreme has the purpose to fulfil a need and to carry out the dream that people can practise motor sport on the same conditions, irrespective of disabilities.</p><p>The main task for this project was to design a body for the Woodstar Extreme. The students designed a concept which implied a single body covering the racer with a separate cover in the back. The body can be lifted off in one part when needed, for example when a disabled person gets in or out of the car. The cover in the back can be lifted off separate or together whit the whole body. The body will be light due to the glass fibre construction that will be used. The semantic demands of a classic sport car with a unique look were accomplished. The design’s aerodynamic features, with air inlet in the front and on the sides and air outlet in the back, have been approved. The racing car was presented with a digital model and animation and a plastic model.</p><p>Josef and Sebastian also manufactured the dummy for the body, which Woodstar will use to make the glass fibre bodies of. Until the body is concluded the students will act as advisors and assistants for Woodstar.</p><p>The presentation of the project went well but the exhibition was a bit mediocre. The manufacturing of the dummy took longer time then planed, due to the unnecessary polishing of dummy. The students took to much work on them selves (have been enough with a conceptual design of product), but due to their engagement they created their own conditions. During this project they had a lot of fun and learned many grateful things. Both students and the company had a great cooperation in this genuine and well made project.</p>

Denna rapport är utförd av studenterna Josef Eid och Sebastian Svensson och gäller examensarbetet på 15 poäng som ägde rum vårterminen 2005. Examensarbetet var den slutgiltiga kursen på utbildningen Innovations- och designingenjörsprogrammet (120 poäng) på Karlstads Universitet. Arbetets uppdragsgivare var företaget Woodstar AB. Kontaktperson på företaget var Tommy Andersson och handledare i kursen var Lennart Wihk på universitetet. Företaget Woodstar tillverkar fordon anpassade för rörelsehindrade personer. Företaget låg i slutskedet med utvecklandet av det nya fordonet Woodstar Extreme, som är en banracer. Woodstar Extreme har syftet att fylla ett behov samt att förverkliga en dröm om att gemensamt och integrerat kunna idka motorsport på lika villkor, oavsett rörelsehinder. Huvuduppgiften var att ta fram en design till banracerns karosseri. Studenterna tog fram ett koncept som innebar en heltäckande kaross med en separat kåpa. Hela karosseriet lyfts bort som en enda enhet vid behov, till exempel då en rörelsehindrad ska stiga på. Kåpan kan tas av separat eller följa med hela karossen. Karossen kommer att ha ganska låg vikt eftersom den görs i lätt glasfiber. Designen upplevs svara mot de semantiska kraven på en klassisk sportvagn med ett unikt utseende. Den är även aerodynamiskt godkänd med luftintag fram och på sidan, samt luftuttag baktill. Detta visualiserades med en animering, en digital modell och en plastmodell. Josef och Sebastian tillverkade även själva pluggen till karossen vilken Woodstar skulle göra glasfiberkaross av. Studenterna kommer att fungera som handledare och assistera företaget fram tills karossen blir slutförd. Redovisningen av projektet gick bra men utställning var något medioker. Pluggen tog längre tid än planerat, främst på grund av onödig tid på finslipning av pluggen. Studenterna tog på sig för mycket arbete (hade räckt med konceptframtagning), men de har med sitt engagemang för projektet skapat sina förutsättningar själva. De har lärt sig en hel del och haft riktigt kul. Parterna har haft ett bra samarbete i detta digra men vällyckade projekt. / This report was written in the spring 2005 at Karlstad University by Josef Eid and Sebastian Svensson. The report contains their examination work (15 points) which was the final course in their education, Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering. The assigner for this project was the company Woodstar AB. Tommy Andersson was their contact at Woodstar and Lennart Wihk was their examiner at the university. Woodstar manufactures vehicles adjustable for disabled persons. The Company was in the final stages in developing their Woodstar Extreme, which is a new racing car for tracks. Woodstar Extreme has the purpose to fulfil a need and to carry out the dream that people can practise motor sport on the same conditions, irrespective of disabilities. The main task for this project was to design a body for the Woodstar Extreme. The students designed a concept which implied a single body covering the racer with a separate cover in the back. The body can be lifted off in one part when needed, for example when a disabled person gets in or out of the car. The cover in the back can be lifted off separate or together whit the whole body. The body will be light due to the glass fibre construction that will be used. The semantic demands of a classic sport car with a unique look were accomplished. The design’s aerodynamic features, with air inlet in the front and on the sides and air outlet in the back, have been approved. The racing car was presented with a digital model and animation and a plastic model. Josef and Sebastian also manufactured the dummy for the body, which Woodstar will use to make the glass fibre bodies of. Until the body is concluded the students will act as advisors and assistants for Woodstar. The presentation of the project went well but the exhibition was a bit mediocre. The manufacturing of the dummy took longer time then planed, due to the unnecessary polishing of dummy. The students took to much work on them selves (have been enough with a conceptual design of product), but due to their engagement they created their own conditions. During this project they had a lot of fun and learned many grateful things. Both students and the company had a great cooperation in this genuine and well made project.

Die vorliegende Ausgabe beschäftigt sich mit der Entschleunigung von Konsum- und Unternehmens-prozessen. Entschleunigung ist ein aktuelles Thema in der Wissenschaft, dem immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wird. Umwelt und Bevölkerung können einer stetigen Beschleunigung nicht unbegrenzt standhalten, so dass eine gegenläufige Entwicklung auf Dauer unvermeidlich ist. Doch in welcher Form haben sich Aspekte der Entschleunigung bisher sowohl in Unternehmen als auch bei Individuen etablieren können? Um diese Frage zu beantworten, kommen in dieser Arbeit unterschiedliche empirische Methoden zur Anwendung. Mit Hilfe eines Experiments, durchgeführt mit Studenten der Wirtschaftswissenschaften an der TU Dresden, wird dabei die Zahlungsbereitschaft für Entschleunigung innerhalb der Bevölkerung untersucht. Zur weiteren empirischen Überprüfung des Kenntnisstan-des und Verbreitungsgrades des Themas Entschleunigung werden zwei Fragebögen, welche sich zum Zeitpunkt des Entstehens dieser Arbeit im Stadium des Pre-Tests befinden, entwickelt und im Rahmen dieser Arbeit vorgestellt und ausgewertet. Die Abfrage des Themas Entschleunigung erfolgt dabei über die Betrachtung verschiedener Sichtweisen (Unternehmens-, Kunden-, Mitarbeiter- und Gesundheitssicht), zu denen einleitend theoretische Grundlagen gelegt werden. Als konkretes Beispiel für eine mögliche Umsetzung von Entschleunigung wird für die IT-Branche das Extreme Programming vorgestellt, welches versucht, neue Wege in der Softwareentwicklung zu gehen. Innerhalb einer Fallstudie werden abschließend Netzwerke in der freien Marktwirtschaft und ihre möglichen Beiträge zur Entschleunigung untersucht.

It has over the last 20 years occurred a series of extreme weather events around the worldthat caused damage to people and buildings. Many published reports have studied thedeveloping countries and less studies has been conducted on the construction industry andthe economically powerful countries.Sweden has been spared from the most extreme events but still suffered some events whichcan be considered extreme for the country. Therefore, the aim of this report is to study howthe construction industry in Sweden works with risk management, as a preventive measureagainst extreme weather events. The intention has been to find out how aware the industryis of climate change.Studies of this kind have not been carried out previously in Sweden and therefore this studyuses a qualitative approach to conduct the study. Thorough studies on risks, riskmanagement and all its processes have been performed. The focus has been on the generalrisks and the risks associated with extreme weather conditions. This is to analyze how theconstruction industry works with risks of this kind. Interviews have been conducted withproject managers and production managers at a major Swedish construction company to becompared with the written theory.The study and 10 interviews have been conducted at Skanska Hus in Stockholm to get apicture of how different projects in the same region are working with risk managementlinked to extreme weather events as they have the same weather conditions.The study concluded that the studied company was very good at working with riskmanagement but they were less prepared for extreme weather than had been expected. Thisgave the impression that the industry as a whole are in need to be informed about what kindof impacts climate change has on production and the working environment for the future.The investigation showed that it still needs improvements and more knowledge in this areasince climate change is a fact.

Modelling the tails of distributions is important in many fields, such as environmental science, hydrology, insurance, engineering and finance, where the risk of unusually large or small events are of interest. This thesis applies extreme value models in neonatal and finance studies and develops novel extreme value modelling for financial applications, to overcome issues associated with the dependence induced by volatility clustering and threshold choice. The instability of preterm infants stimulates the interests in estimating the underlying variability of the physiology measurements typically taken on neonatal intensive care patients. The stochastic volatility model (SVM), fitted using Bayesian inference and a particle filter to capture the on-line latent volatility of oxygen concentration, is used in estimating the variability of medical measurements of preterm infants to highlight instabilities resulting from their under-developed biological systems. Alternative volatility estimators are considered to evaluate the performance of the SVM estimates, the results of which suggest that the stochastic volatility model provides a good estimator of the variability of the oxygen concentration data and therefore may be used to estimate the instantaneous latent volatility for the physiological measurements of preterm infants. The classical extreme value distribution, generalized pareto distribution (GPD), with the peaks-over-threshold (POT) method to ameliorate the impact of dependence in the extremes to infer the extreme quantile of the SVM based variability estimates. Financial returns typically show clusters of observations in the tails, often termed “volatility clustering” which creates challenges when applying extreme value models, since classical extreme value theory assume independence of underlying process. Explicit modelling on GARCH-type dependence behaviour of extremes is developed by implementing GARCH conditional variance structure via the extreme value model parameters. With the combination of GEV and GARCH models, both simulation and empirical results show that the combined model is better suited to explain the extreme quantiles. Another important benefit of the proposed model is that, as a one stage model, it is advantageous in making inferences and accounting for all uncertainties much easier than the traditional two stage approach for capturing this dependence. To tackle the challenge threshold choice in extreme value modelling and the generally asymmetric distribution of financial data, a two tail GPD mixture model is proposed with Bayesian inference to capture both upper and lower tail behaviours simultaneously. The proposed two tail GPD mixture modelling approach can estimate both thresholds, along with other model parameters, and can therefore account for the uncertainty associated with the threshold choice in latter inferences. The two tail GPD mixture model provides a very flexible model for capturing all forms of tail behaviour, potentially allowing for asymmetry in the distribution of two tails, and is demonstrated to be more applicable in financial applications than the one tail GPD mixture models previously proposed in the literature. A new Value-at-Risk (VaR) estimation method is then constructed by adopting the proposed mixture model and two-stage method: where volatility estimation using a latent volatility model (or realized volatility) followed by the two tail GPD mixture model applied to independent innovations to overcome the key issues of dependence, and to account for the uncertainty associated with threshold choice. The proposed method is applied in forecasting VaR for empirical return data during the current financial crisis period.

Extreme environments created through natural and anthropogenic processes harbor microbes with diverse physiologies capable of catalyzing chemical reactions which are environmentally beneficial on local and global scales. This work focused on two unique environments, the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) submarine mud volcano systems and the subsurface soils at the Department of Energy s (DOE) Field Research Center (FRC) located in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Reservation (Oak Ridge, TN). In addition to the physical and chemical extremes present within mud volcano sediments and FRC subsurface soils, these environments are sources of greenhouse gases as well as metal/radionuclide contaminants, respectively. Within the previously uncharacterized mud volcano cold seep sediments, culture-independent analyses of microbial community structure via DNA and RNA clone libraries indicated Gammaproteobacteria and anaerobic methane oxidizing Archaea as the dominant methane oxidizing taxa. Culture-dependent studies of FRC subsurface Arthrobacter and Bacillus isolates demonstrated extensive lateral gene transfer of the PIB-type ATPase metal resistance genes. Additionally, FRC Bacillus and Rahnella isolates demonstrated U(VI) sequestration capabilities as up to 95% soluble U(VI) was immobilization via biogenic phosphate mineral production resulting from constitutive nonspecific phosphohydrolase activity. Findings from these studies identify the prokaryotic diversity within aquatic and terrestrial sediments that contribute to the geochemical cycling of carbon, metals, and radionuclides.

The presence of different types of defects is an important reality for manufacturers and users of engineering materials. Generally, the defects are either considered to be the unwanted products of impurities in the raw materials or to have been introduced during the manufacturing process. In high-quality steel materials, such as tool steel, the defects are usually non-metallic inclusions such as oxides or sulfides. Traditional methods for purity control during standard manufacturing practice are usually based on the light optical microscopy scanning of polished surfaces and some statistical evaluation of the results. Yet, as the steel manufacturing process has improved, large defects have become increasingly rare. A major disadvantage of the traditional quality control methods is that the accuracy decreases proportionally to the increased rarity of the largest defects unless large areas are examined. However, the use of very high cycle fatigue to 109 cycles has been shown to be a powerful method to locate the largest defects in steel samples. The distribution of the located defects may then be modelled using extreme value statistics. This work presents new methods for determining the volume distribution of large defects in high-quality steels, based on ultrasonic fatigue and the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. The methods have been developed and verified by extensive experimental testing, including over 400 fatigue test specimens. Further, a method for reducing the distributions into one single ranking variable has been proposed, as well as a way to estimate an ideal endurance strength at different life lengths using the observed defects and endurance limits. The methods can not only be used to discriminate between different materials made by different process routes, but also to differentiate between different batches of the same material. It is also shown that all modes of the GEV are to be found in different steel materials, thereby challenging a common assumption that the Gumbel distribution, a special case of the GEV, is the appropriate distribution choice when determining the distribution of defects. The new methods have been compared to traditional quality control methods used in common practice (surface scanning using LOM/SEM and ultrasound C-scan), and suggest a greater number of large defects present in the steel than could otherwise be detected.

Diss. St. Gallen, 2006 ; 3241. / Literaturverz.

Submitted by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-06-12T22:29:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséEBJ_DISSERT.pdf: 2413760 bytes, checksum: 9e1e30bba305a819e199ef6a4c820dc9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T16:55:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséEBJ_DISSERT.pdf: 2413760 bytes, checksum: 9e1e30bba305a819e199ef6a4c820dc9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Christiane (referencia@ufersa.edu.br) on 2018-06-18T16:56:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséEBJ_DISSERT.pdf: 2413760 bytes, checksum: 9e1e30bba305a819e199ef6a4c820dc9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T16:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoséEBJ_DISSERT.pdf: 2413760 bytes, checksum: 9e1e30bba305a819e199ef6a4c820dc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In an empirical way, it can be seen that technologies applied to education are increasingly present in educational institutions, especially the presence of educational robotics. Educational robotics consists of an educational technology that proposes to make the teaching and learning process more effective, using theoretical knowledge that is applied in practice. One of the major reasons for the presence of robotics is its advantage of being able to work in any area, making use of the interdisciplinary approach. It has been used by several professional in the educational area, as a teaching tool aimed at solving low school performance and avoidance. But for this, it is necessary to carry out a complete planning with the methodology to be followed. In this context, the objective of this paper is to propose a development of educational robotics combined with software engineering, in this case using agile software methodology as a teaching tool for the development of robotics. In this way, analyzes were performed in both robotics and agile methodology, based on this, it was identified that the most appropriate methodology for application of this development is Extreme Programming (XP). Based on this, the methodology developed was applied in a public school with first year students of high school. Thus, to validate this development of XP, two case studies were elaborated. After the accomplishment of this work, it was verified that it is possible to use XP as a teaching methodology for robotics producing results such as: the development of logical reasoning and the development of computational thinking / De modo empírico, percebe-se que as tecnologias aplicadas à educação estão cada vez mais presentes nas instituições de ensino, de modo especial, verifica-se também a presença da robótica educacional. A robótica educacional consiste em uma tecnologia da educação que propõe tornar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem mais eficaz, para isso, utiliza-se de conhecimentos teóricos que são aplicados na prática. Um dos maiores motivos da presença da robótica na educação é a sua vantagem de poder trabalhar em qualquer área, fazendo uso da abordagem interdisciplinar. A mesma tem sido utilizada por vários profissionais da área educacional, como uma ferramenta de ensino em que visa à solução para o baixo rendimento escolar e evasão. Mas para isso, é necessário a realização de todo um planejamento junto à metodologia a ser seguida. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor um desenvolvimento da robótica educacional combinado com a engenharia de software, neste caso utilizando a metodologia ágil de software como uma ferramenta de ensino para o desenvolvimento da robótica. Deste modo, foram realizadas análises tanto na robótica como na metodologia ágil, com base nisso, identificou-se que a metodologia mais adequada para aplicação deste desenvolvimento é o Extreme Programming (XP). Com base nisso, a metodologia desenvolvida foi aplicada em uma escola pública com alunos do primeiro ano do ensino médio. Sendo assim, para validar este desenvolvimento do XP, foi elaborado dois estudos de casos. Após a realização desse trabalho, foi constatado que é possível utilizar o XP como uma metodologia de ensino para a robótica produzindo resultados como: o desenvolvimento do raciocínio lógico e o desenvolvimento do pensamento computacional / 2018-06-12

Att sätta sig in i system kan vara krångligt utan rätt sorts dokumentation. Vi har undersökt vilken dokumentation som kan vara lämplig att lämna över till nya utvecklare, som ska arbeta vidare med systemet i software maintenance fasen. Det har gjorts genom att vi har gjort en litteraturstudie om dokumentation samt undersökt vad för dokumentationsartefakter som används när man ska sätta sig in i datorsystem. Vi använde eXtreme Programming för att utveckla ett system som vi försökte dokumentera samtidigt som vi utvecklade det. eXtreme Programming förordar muntlig kommunikation, vilket är svårt att lämna över till nya utvecklare. Vi upptäckte under vår utveckling att det var svårt att föra in dokumentation sam-tidigt som utvecklandet pågick,  därför använde vi bara enhetstester och  strukturerade kod-kommentarer under utvecklingsiterationerna. Vi undersökte hur dokumentationen som skapats fungerade genom att göra en undersökning bestående av strukturerade intervjuer där de fick komma med kommentarer om hur dokumen-tationen hjälpte förståelsen för systemet. Vi lämnar ifrån oss en vidareutveckling  av eXtreme Programming  som innefattar en doku-mentationsiteration  innan överlämnandet  samt en studie om vad för dokumentation som är värdefull att ha vid systemöverlämningar. / Understanding systems can be a tough task without the right sort of documentation. We have examined the documentation artifacts which may be appropriate to hand over to new develop-ers, who will continue working with the system during the software maintenance phase. By doing a literature review on documentation and examined what documentation artifacts is used when you want to  understand a computer system. We used the eXtreme Programming system development methodology to develop a system that we tried to document as we devel-oped it. eXtreme Programming favors oral communication, but that is hard to hand over to new devel-opers. We discovered during our development that it was difficult to introduce documentation while the development process was going on so we only used structured code comments and unit testing during the development iterations We examined how the documentation that was created worked by doing a survey consisting of structured interviews where the respondents made comments about if and how the documen-tation improved their understanding of the system. We pass on an evolved eXtreme Programming system development methodology, which in-cludes a standalone documentation iteration before the handover, and a study of what kind of documentation that is valuable to have when transferring systems to new developers.