This paper discusses correction sequences in classroom interaction when teachers correct students’ erroneous answers. The focus of this paper is the relevance between types and techniques of correction used by teachers to correct students’ answers and face-work. The study explains face-work necessity in classroom interaction since it increases students’ motivation to participate in classroom activities.

The Smartphone is a technological innovation that has transformed for the better how billions of people live by enabling them to transcend time and space to remain socially connected to potentially millions of others despite being thousands of miles apart. Although smartphones help people connect from a distance, there has been much concern about how they affect face-to-face interactions. This study explored, drawing on Goffmanian concepts, how and why smartphones affect face-to-face encounters. The findings show there are three types of smartphone cross-talk: exclusive, semi-exclusive, and collaborative. With the addition of smartphone play and solo smartphone activity, interactants can engage in five different types of smartphone use during a social encounter. Smartphones can both disrupt and facilitate face-to-face encounters at any given time. A theory of cross-talk was created as an extension of Goffman’s work to help explain the phenomenon.

Every year, 12,000 people in Sweden are diagnosed with aphasia. Many people with aphasia supplement their logopedic treatment by participating in an aphasia group. Aphasia groups provide both social and linguistic stimulation. The aim of the present thesis was to study the social interaction between participants, and between participants and leaders in aphasia groups. In the present study, eleven persons with aphasia and four leaders participated divided into three aphasia groups. The groups were video recorded during sessions with a total of four sessions. Two hours of social interaction were recorded. The material was transcribed and analyzed according to Conversation Analytical principles. The study focuses specifically on the use of gestures and face-work. Both phenomena could be observed in all groups. The results of the present work showed that different gestures could enhance as well as reduce intelligibility. Individuals’ gesture use was consistent with their ability of expression, i.e. the better the expressive ability, the more acceptable and understandable gestures. Face-work that was analyzed in the present study showed that face-threatening as well as face-saving strategies occur in aphasia groups. / Varje år drabbas 12 000 personer i Sverige av afasi. Många kompletterar sin logopediska behandling genom att delta i afasigrupp. Afasigruppen ger både social och språklig stimulans. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera social interaktion mellan deltagare och mellan deltagare och ledare i afasigrupp.  I studien deltog elva personer och fyra ledare fördelat på tre afasigrupper. Grupperna filmades under pågående session. Sammanlagt filmades fyra tillfällen och totalt cirka två timmar social interaktion. Materialet transkriberades och analyserades enligt samtalsanalytiska principer. I studien fokuseras särskilt på användandet av gester och fasadarbete (face). Båda kategorierna kunde iakttas i samtliga grupper. Resultatet i föreliggande arbete visade att olika gester kunde stärka förståeligheten och andra minska förståeligheten. Individernas gestanvändande stämde överens med deras uttrycksförmåga: Ju bättre uttrycksförmåga, desto mer vedertagna och lättförståeliga gester. Fasadarbete som analyserades i föreliggande studie visade att ansiktshotande så väl som ansiktsräddande strategier förekommer i afasigrupper.

<p>Speech intervention for children with language impairment aims to both strengthen specific language skills and to reinforce the ability to participate in interactional contexts. Children with language impairment often have problems in interaction; therefore the contributions of the conversational partner are of great importance. Thus, the demands are high on the speech and language pathologist (SLP) for sense and cohesion in intervention. The aim of the present study was to examine how SLPs and children with language impairment interact in language intervention. An approach influenced by Conversation Analysis was used in order to identify various phenomena that occurred, and their effect on the structure of the interaction was analyzed.</p><p>Four SLPs, two men and two women, were enrolled in the study.  They participated in intervention with two children with language impairment each, i.e. eight conversations. The analysis showed that different forms of feedback and different repair strategies had an impact on the interaction. In addition, it was shown that the interactions contained several situations related to social face work.  Both differences and similarities were found between the participants in the analyzed material. Different interactional patterns of the SLPs appeared to affect the outcome of the intervention in different ways.</p> / <p>Logopedisk intervention för barn med språkstörning har för avsikt att både stärka de specifika språkförmågor som brister och att göra barnet mer redo för kommunikativa sammanhang. Språkstörning hos barn innebär ofta svårigheter i interaktionen med andra, därför är samtalspartnerns agerande av stor betydelse. Således är kraven på logopeden stora för att skapa mening och sammanhållning i interventionen. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur logopeder och barn med språkstörning interagerar vid behandling av språkstörning. Ett arbetssätt influerat av Conversation Analysis användes för att belysa olika fenomen som förekom i interaktionen och vilken inverkan dessa hade på interaktionens struktur.</p><p>I studien deltog fyra logopeder, två män och två kvinnor med två behandlingsbesök av barn med språkstörning vardera, således åtta samtal. Intressanta fenomen som förekom var olika typer av återkopplingar, reparationer och ansiktshotande situationer. Det förelåg både skillnader och likheter mellan deltagarna i det analyserade materialet. Logopedernas olika interaktionsmönster förefaller påverka interventionen på olika sätt.</p>

Speech intervention for children with language impairment aims to both strengthen specific language skills and to reinforce the ability to participate in interactional contexts. Children with language impairment often have problems in interaction; therefore the contributions of the conversational partner are of great importance. Thus, the demands are high on the speech and language pathologist (SLP) for sense and cohesion in intervention. The aim of the present study was to examine how SLPs and children with language impairment interact in language intervention. An approach influenced by Conversation Analysis was used in order to identify various phenomena that occurred, and their effect on the structure of the interaction was analyzed. Four SLPs, two men and two women, were enrolled in the study.  They participated in intervention with two children with language impairment each, i.e. eight conversations. The analysis showed that different forms of feedback and different repair strategies had an impact on the interaction. In addition, it was shown that the interactions contained several situations related to social face work.  Both differences and similarities were found between the participants in the analyzed material. Different interactional patterns of the SLPs appeared to affect the outcome of the intervention in different ways. / Logopedisk intervention för barn med språkstörning har för avsikt att både stärka de specifika språkförmågor som brister och att göra barnet mer redo för kommunikativa sammanhang. Språkstörning hos barn innebär ofta svårigheter i interaktionen med andra, därför är samtalspartnerns agerande av stor betydelse. Således är kraven på logopeden stora för att skapa mening och sammanhållning i interventionen. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka hur logopeder och barn med språkstörning interagerar vid behandling av språkstörning. Ett arbetssätt influerat av Conversation Analysis användes för att belysa olika fenomen som förekom i interaktionen och vilken inverkan dessa hade på interaktionens struktur. I studien deltog fyra logopeder, två män och två kvinnor med två behandlingsbesök av barn med språkstörning vardera, således åtta samtal. Intressanta fenomen som förekom var olika typer av återkopplingar, reparationer och ansiktshotande situationer. Det förelåg både skillnader och likheter mellan deltagarna i det analyserade materialet. Logopedernas olika interaktionsmönster förefaller påverka interventionen på olika sätt.

This study examines the functions of phrases with the word missverstehen in any inflected form in German discussion groups. The corpus consists of about 600 different messages with a phrase containing the verb missverstehen from all kinds of discussion groups speaking the German language. The hypothesis is that those phrases do not always refer to a factual misunderstanding in the communication. There is no such thing as total understanding in communication, since people cannot fully know how other people are thinking. Instead understanding is a social construct. Misunderstanding occurs when a group member cannot interpret a message so that it correlates with what the sender has meant. This understanding contains both the discussed theme as well as the relation between the group members. Relevance occurs when interpretable information is communicated through contextualization cues. Some cues carry information about the discussed theme, others communicate face work. A misunderstanding is caused by missing contextualization cues, i. e. the message is irrelevant. The study shows how the communicators can construct a disagreement as a misunderstanding, which it in turn has an impact on face work. The phrase is then being used together with added contextualization cues in order to construct a common understanding. Thereby the communicators can influence the interaction. This is done in a sequence in the discussion group. Hence the script theory (Schank/Abelson 1977) aims to describe the phenomenon of how a phrase with the word missverstehen can be used for different purposes. One script is defined for each purpose. The difference between the scripts is being maintained by the contextualization cue that carries the information about how the relations between group members are interacted.

The present paper is inserted in the qualitative research perspectives that aim to analyze the practices of interactive discourse in specific contexts and the negotiation process of the image during English activities, promoted in a class of graduate students of Languages course at the Federal University of Alagoas. In light of contemporary researchers who advocate an interactional approach in foreign language classroom (KRAMSCH, 1993, 2006, TAVARES, 2006), we draw our attentions to how the discursive strategies (GUMPERZ, 1982; CAZDEN, 2001; TAVARES, 2007) are built during the interactive practices among students of foreign language (FL) and how facework is developed (GOFFMAN, 1981; BROWN e LEVINSON, 1987) during these interactions. The theme of this research moves around the language and social aspects in teaching and learning of FL. The central points of the survey are based on discussions between language, interaction and education on the theoretical principles of sociolinguistics. With the lessons analysis it was realized the importance of creating activities that might lead to the commitment of the learner during the discussions. Even the image needed to be negotiated, the use of discursive strategies identified in the classroom has enabled a greater integration of teachers with students during interactive activities. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Este trabalho está inscrito no âmbito das pesquisas qualitativas sobre linguagem, que têm como objetivo analisar as práticas interativas do discurso no contexto de sala de aula e o processo de negociação da imagem durante as aulas de Língua Inglesa promovidas em uma turma de graduação do curso de Letras da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. À luz de pensadores contemporâneos que defendem uma abordagem interacional na sala de língua estrangeira (KRAMSCH, 1993, 2006; TAVARES, 2006), volta-se o olhar para como as estratégias discursivas (GUMPERZ, 1982, CAZDEN, 2001; TAVARES, 2007) são construídas durantes as práticas interativas entre os(as) alunos(as) e professoras de língua estrangeira (doravante LE) e como se dá a negociação da face (GOFFMAN, 1981; BROWN e LEVINSON, 1987) no decorrer dessas interações. A temática dessa pesquisa transita em torno do ensino da LE. Os pontos centrais da pesquisa têm como base reflexões sobre língua, interação e ensino diante dos princípios teóricos da Sociolingüística Interacional. Com a análise das aulas, percebeu-se a relevância da criação de atividades que provocassem o comprometimento do aprendiz durante as discussões. Mesmo que a imagem dos envolvidos necessitasse ser negociada, o uso das estratégias discursivas identificadas nas aulas possibilitou uma maior integração das professoras com os alunos durante as atividades interativas.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-31T13:49:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dinaamaramenesesfaria.pdf: 1134465 bytes, checksum: 4d44a2e9791a43eec23ce6569f6e6d52 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T13:13:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dinaamaramenesesfaria.pdf: 1134465 bytes, checksum: 4d44a2e9791a43eec23ce6569f6e6d52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T13:13:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dinaamaramenesesfaria.pdf: 1134465 bytes, checksum: 4d44a2e9791a43eec23ce6569f6e6d52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo focaliza a análise das estratégias utilizadas pelos participantes para gerar e manter envolvimento em encontros de negócios. A pesquisa é um estudo de caso, de natureza interpretativista e qualitativa, embasada nos pressupostos teóricos da Sociolinguística Interacional. Foram utilizados como corpus dois encontros de negócios gravados em áudio e vídeo: uma compra de matéria prima e um acordo para terceirização de acabamento de material gráfico. Através da interface polidez/estilo enfático/rapport, procuramos apontar os sistemas e desejos de face escolhidos pelos participantes em nossos dados e os alinhamentos assumidos por eles na tentativa de gerar envolvimento com o self, com o outro e com a negociação. A análise evidenciou a distinção existente entre os desejos humanos de aceitação e aprovação, verificando que dentre os vários autores estudados, Lim & Bowers (1991) são aqueles que melhor explicam os desejos e trabalhos de face encontrados em nossa pesquisa. Evidenciando, assim, a consequente tensão no estabelecimento do limite entre a conversa institucional e comunicação fática. Foi constatado também que, dependendo dos alinhamentos e desejos de face dos falantes, o rapport pode ser utilizado apenas para ‘quebrar o gelo’ nas interações transacionais ou ser responsável por uma gama de funções sociais, dentre as quais destacamos a de atender aos desejos de face positiva e a de orientar os papéis sociais dos participantes na relação. Tal constatação contraria a visão de alguns autores que não reconhecem a comunicação fática como importante. / This study focuses on the analysis of the strategies used by participants to create and maintain involvement in business meetings. The research is an interpretive and qualitative case study in nature, based on a theoretical framework of Interactional Sociolinguistics. Two business meetings, recorded on audio and video, were used as a corpus: the purchase of raw materials and an agreement to outsource finishing graphic material. Through the politeness/emphatic style/rapport interface, we sought to point out face-want systems chosen by the participants in our data and the footings they assumed in an attempt to generate engagement with the self, with others and within the negotiation. The analysis demonstrated the distinction between the human desire for acceptance and approval, noting that, among the various authors studied, Lim & Bowers (1991) are those that best explain the face-want and face-work found in our research. Thus, there is consequent tension in establishing the boundary between institutional conversation and phatic communication. Also it was found that, depending on the footing and desires of the speaker to lose or save face, rapport can only be used to “break the ice” in transactional interactions or be responsible for a range of social functions, among which we strive to meet the positive face-want and to guide the social roles of participants in the relationship. This finding contradicts the view of some authors who do not recognize the importance of phatic communication.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-17T14:13:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 kriciahelenabarreto.pdf: 3497141 bytes, checksum: 31704e8e9549f637c3c5ef61daf9437b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-17T18:01:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 kriciahelenabarreto.pdf: 3497141 bytes, checksum: 31704e8e9549f637c3c5ef61daf9437b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T18:01:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 kriciahelenabarreto.pdf: 3497141 bytes, checksum: 31704e8e9549f637c3c5ef61daf9437b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-06 / Este estudo tem como objeto o fenômeno conhecido como “memes de Internet”, produzidos no ambiente virtual do website denominado <9gag>, tendo sido focalizada a seção de comentários realizados sobre os memes postados por seus participantes. A partir de uma perspectiva interacional dos estudos do discurso, investigamos a maneira como a replicação dos memes de Internet sinaliza as práticas rituais constitutivas desse grupo e afeta a forma como as faces dos participantes são co-construídas e negociadas no curso da interação. Os rituais e as faces reivindicadas são vistos, então, como práticas que emergem e são sensíveis ao aqui e agora do uso da linguagem nesse contexto. As práticas de reprodução memética, compreendidas como unidades de transmissão cultural e de difusão da informação, fundamentadas na imitação, quando analisadas sob a perspectiva dos rituais relacionais (Kádár, 2013), vão muito além do simples entretenimento dentro de um grupo como o <9gag>. Elas auxiliam na formação e na manutenção do ethos dessa comunidade virtual, fornecendo o status de membros legítimos àqueles que acatam as regras interacionais estabelecidas através dessas práticas. A participação e o alinhamento às práticas rituais do grupo gerou o sentimento de pertencimento e identificação entre os participantes, legitimando-os como membros dessa comunidade, unidos pelo compartilhamento dos valores disseminados pelos memes, do conhecimento das práticas do grupo, e das representações simbólicas construídas pelo grupo. Além disso, através dos processos de elaboração das faces, pudemos verificar como os interagentes modelam as interações da comunidade ao se (des-)alinharem com os tipos de face que emergem nesse website. / The object of this study is the phenomenon known as ‘Internet memes’, produced within a virtual environment, in a website called <9gag>. The comments section was the main focus of analysis. From an interactional perspective on discourse, it has been investigated the way Internet meme replication signals ritual practices constitutive of this group and how it affects the way participants’ faces are co-constructed and negotiated in the course of interaction. Thus, rituals and faces claimed are seen as emergent practices that are sensitive to the interactional here-and-now of language use in this context. Meme-replication practices (understood as units of cultural transmission and dissemination of information, based on imitation), when analysed from the perspective of relational rituals (Kádár, 2013), have interactional effects that go beyond simply entertaining a group such as <9gag>. They help build and maintain the ethos of this virtual community, by giving membership status to those participants who abide by the interactional rules established through these practices. Participation and alignment with the group’s ritual practices have generated the feeling of belonging through identification among participants, legitimating them as members of this community, connected by the sharing of values disseminated by memes, the knowledge of the group’s practices and the symbolic representations constructed by the group. Moreover, it has been verified that through facework processes interactants model interactions within this community by (dis-)affiliating themselves with the types of face that emerge in this website.

Collective memory has recently become one of the most explored topics in the social sciences and has led to the emergence of a separate and independent subdiscipline called memory studies. The thesis investigates the awakening of collective memory in two borderlands of Central Europe: the former Sudetes region in the Czech Republic and the southern part of former East Prussia in Poland. The thesis provides an overview of the current theories about collective memory with a focus on the interactional and visual character of the studied phenomenon. In line with this, the thesis presents, discusses, and elaborates on research conducted in the two borderlands in 2016 and 2017. The aim of the research was to study the role and form of collective memory (shared remembrance) in ethnic, cultural, and historical borderlands. The contributions of the thesis are both methodological and theoretical. Firstly, the discussed research revealed that between particularly family-based communicative memory and official, institution-generated cultural memory, there is ritualised communicative memory, maintained through interactions among members of the borderland community (community of memory). Secondly, the thesis contributes to various studies within the interactionist paradigm and proves the usability of Goffman's...