Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Entwicklung eines Sensors zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren (K-Faktoren) und der Risslage. Im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik werden zwei Aufgaben zur Charakterisierung der Risse (Detektierung von Risslage und Größe und Quantifizierung des Beanspruchungszustandes an der Rissspitze) mit Hilfe nur eines Sensors ermöglicht. Es wurde effiziente, kostengünstige und leicht zu applizierende Technik zur experimentellen bruchmechanischen Beanspruchungsanalyse entwickelt. Eine Struktur mit Riss wird großflächig mit einer piezoelektrischen Polyvinylidenfluorid-Folie (PVDF-Folie) beklebt und eine ausreichende Anzahl von Elektroden befindet sich im Bereich des möglichen/vorhandenen Risses. Die an den Elektroden abgegriffenen elektrischen Potentiale bzw. Ladungen sind ein Maß für die Verzerrungen an der Oberfläche des Bauteils und ermöglichen die Berechnung der bruchmechanischen Größen am Riss. Dabei beschränkte man sich auf die Anwendung des Sensorkonzeptes im Rahmen der Scheiben- und Plattentheorie.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka vilka lärprocesser som sätts igång hos körsångare i ett sceniskt projekt. Vilka är de möjliga lärprocesserna? Hur skiftar de från individ till individ? Vilka faktorer anser körsångarna bidrar till upplevelse av egen utveckling? Jag har använt mig av den litteratur och de uppsatser som publicerats inom närliggande område i första hand på svenska. Det huvudsakliga materialet är de kurssvar som 30-talet körsångare i Damkören Söt Likör vid Karlstad Universitet lämnade in som tentamensuppgift vid Kursen Sceniskt körprojekt med publik inriktning i vilket merparten av körmedlemmarna deltog. Kursen bestod i att instudera det för kören specialskrivna körverket Snorvipas Saga och tillsammans iscensätta och marknadsföra detta i en timslång föreställning inför betalande publik som en del av körens 20–års jubileum hösten 2007. För att utvärdera svaren använder jag en narrativ metod där jag utgår från Judit Bells beskrivning i Introduktion till Forskningsmetodik. Jag låter dem passera genom ett filter där jag söker efter lärprocesser på en konstruktiv, kontextuell och funktionell nivå. Jag har också sökt efter det som Anne Bamford kallar för Wow! – faktorn i en kulturbaserad lärmiljö för att se vilka olika aspekter av meningskapande processer som finns i berättelserna. I sammanfattningen konstaterar jag att det finns en tydlig skillnad mellan typ och mängden av lärprocesser i ett sådant här projekt i jämförelse med traditionellt körverksamhet där sjungandet är det huvudsakliga gemensamma målet. / The main purpose of this investigation is to identify learning processes according to competence and the experience of meaningfulness in a scenic project for a choir. The background of this project is a university course at the University of Karlstad which involved most of the members of the University Women Choir, Söt Likör, during the autumn 2007. The performance of Snorvipas Saga took place in the University main hall, as part of the choir’s twentieth anniversary. As part of the examination all the participants of the course wrote a paper reflecting their individual learning process. Out of 30 papers eight were selected, the ones which were written more as a personal story rather than and point by point answer. To evaluate the answers I have chosen to read them as personal stories with a narrative reading, as understood by Judit Bell in Introduction to Methods for Research (my translation of the Swedish title),. I let them pass through a filter in which I tried to detect the learning process on a constructive, contextual and functional level. I also looked for what Anne Bamford calls the Wow! - factor in culturally rich learning situations to see what levels of meaningfulness one could find in the answers. I found that there is a difference between the type of and the multitude of learning processes in this kind of project in comparison with traditional choir work where singing is the exclusive aim.  Here I used the results from Ragnhild Sandberg Jurströms, Master thesis, Song in Teamwork, to compare the difference in learning processes according to participating in the gradual process of socialising, collective knowledge, action and activities and the variety of experiencing. After that I also looked at the differences in the experience of meaningfulness. The main result of is that in a scenic project which involve the choir singers in a multitude of tasks, as project workers, in acting together, as singers, and friends the learning processes expand and create a high rate of new experiences for everyone involved. Even the experience of meaning grows.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Konstanz, 2001. / "Quellennachweis": p. 185-189.

Obesity and overweight are today classified as one of the largest epidemics in the Western world and is threaten a large part of the population. As a reaction to this a major health trend has emerged in recent decades. Every day consumers are exposed to information from the media about what is healthy or unhealthy to eat and the recommendations change frequently. There is great interest in healthy food on the Swedish food market, but still healthy foods only represents a small proportion of the total food sales. The essay examines the gap between the current and potential demand for healthy food and if it can be explained by any of the following factors: lack of information, price, taste or cognitive behavioral. To study these questions a quantitative method have been used and 213 questionnaires were collected. The intention is to draw general conclusions about the entire population. We discussed and analyzed the quantitative data together with the frame of reference based on the four factors and the discussion led us to the following conclusions: Price and parts of the cognitive behavior inhibits the consumption of healthy foods on the Swedish food market. The other factors studied can not explain the inhibited consumption. Based on the conclusions we recommend “svenska Livsmedelsverket” to communicate its policies through traditional marketing channels to better reach out to all consumers. We also believe the Swedish food market is ready for a new store concept with only healthy food.

No description available.

The presence of trace transition metal species in the atmosphere can be attributed to the emission of particulate matter into the atmosphere by anthropogenic activities, as well as from natural sources. Trace metals emitted into the atmosphere can cause adverse health–related and environmental problems. At present, limited data exists for trace metal concentrations in South Africa. In this investigation, the general aim was to determine the concentrations of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols in the industrialised western Bushveld Igneous Complex, as well as to link the presence of these species in the atmosphere to possible sources in the region. The measurement site was placed in Marikana, a small rural town situated 35 km east from Rustenburg in the North West Province of South Africa. It is surrounded by numerous industrial and metallurgical operations. MiniVolumeTM samplers and Teflon® filters (2 ;m pores) were utilised to collect PM2.5 and PM10 particulate samples. The MiniVolumeTM samplers were programmed to filter 5 litres of air per minute for 12 hours per day, over a six–day period. The starting time for sampling was altered every six days, in order to obtain both day and night samples. Sampling was performed for a period of one year. The collected samples were chemically analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP–MS). Surface analysis of the sampled filters was performed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in conjunction with energy–dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The dataset was also subjected to factor analysis in an attempt to identify possible sources of trace metal species in the atmosphere. The concentrations of 27 trace metals (Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Pd, Cd, Ba, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, U) were determined. Pd, Hg, Tl, U, Ca, Co, As, Cd, Ba and Au were above the detection limit 25% or less of the time during the sampling period. With the exception of Ni, none of the trace metals measured at Marikana during the sampling period exceeded local and international standards. Higher Ni levels were possibly due to base metal refining in the region. Pb, which is the only metal species that has a standard prescribed by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), did not exceed any of the standards. It is also significant to refer to Hg that was below the detection limit of the analytical instrument for the entire sampling period. The impact of meteorological conditions revealed that wet removal of atmospheric PM10 trace metals was more significant than the wind generation thereof. During the dry months, the total trace metal concentrations in the PM10 fraction peaked, while PM10 particles were mostly washed out during the wet season. Wind speed showed an unexpected inverse pattern compared to wet deposition. A less significant seasonal trend was observed for the trace metal concentrations in the PM2.5 fraction, which was attributed to a faster replenishment of smaller particles into the atmosphere after rain events. Separation of trace metal concentrations into PM10–2.5 and PM2.5 fractions indicated that 79% of the total trace metal levels that were measured were in the PM2.5 fraction, which indicated a strong influence of industrial and/or combustion sources. Fractionalisation of each of the trace metal species detected showed that for each metal species, 40% and more of a specific metal was in the PM2.5 fraction, with Cr, V, Ni, Zn and Mn occurring almost completely in the PM2.5 fraction. Surface analysis with SEM supported results from the chemical analysis, which indicated that a large fraction of the particles was likely to originate from anthropogenic activities and from wind–blown dust. SEM–EDS also detected nonmetallic S that is usually associated with the Pt pyrometallurgical industry that is present in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex. Correlations between Cr, V, Ni, Zn and Mn revealed that the main sources of these species were pyrometallurgical industries. Explorative factor analysis of the unprocessed and Box–Cox transformed data for all 27 metals detected, resolved four meaningful emission sources, i.e. crustal, vanadium related, base metal related and chromium related. Comparison of trace metal species to other parameters measured (e.g. CO, BC) also indicated pyrometallurgical activities and wind–blown dust to be the main sources of trace metals in this region. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The presence of trace transition metal species in the atmosphere can be attributed to the emission of particulate matter into the atmosphere by anthropogenic activities, as well as from natural sources. Trace metals emitted into the atmosphere can cause adverse health–related and environmental problems. At present, limited data exists for trace metal concentrations in South Africa. In this investigation, the general aim was to determine the concentrations of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols in the industrialised western Bushveld Igneous Complex, as well as to link the presence of these species in the atmosphere to possible sources in the region. The measurement site was placed in Marikana, a small rural town situated 35 km east from Rustenburg in the North West Province of South Africa. It is surrounded by numerous industrial and metallurgical operations. MiniVolumeTM samplers and Teflon® filters (2 ;m pores) were utilised to collect PM2.5 and PM10 particulate samples. The MiniVolumeTM samplers were programmed to filter 5 litres of air per minute for 12 hours per day, over a six–day period. The starting time for sampling was altered every six days, in order to obtain both day and night samples. Sampling was performed for a period of one year. The collected samples were chemically analysed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP–MS). Surface analysis of the sampled filters was performed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in conjunction with energy–dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The dataset was also subjected to factor analysis in an attempt to identify possible sources of trace metal species in the atmosphere. The concentrations of 27 trace metals (Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Pd, Cd, Ba, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, U) were determined. Pd, Hg, Tl, U, Ca, Co, As, Cd, Ba and Au were above the detection limit 25% or less of the time during the sampling period. With the exception of Ni, none of the trace metals measured at Marikana during the sampling period exceeded local and international standards. Higher Ni levels were possibly due to base metal refining in the region. Pb, which is the only metal species that has a standard prescribed by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), did not exceed any of the standards. It is also significant to refer to Hg that was below the detection limit of the analytical instrument for the entire sampling period. The impact of meteorological conditions revealed that wet removal of atmospheric PM10 trace metals was more significant than the wind generation thereof. During the dry months, the total trace metal concentrations in the PM10 fraction peaked, while PM10 particles were mostly washed out during the wet season. Wind speed showed an unexpected inverse pattern compared to wet deposition. A less significant seasonal trend was observed for the trace metal concentrations in the PM2.5 fraction, which was attributed to a faster replenishment of smaller particles into the atmosphere after rain events. Separation of trace metal concentrations into PM10–2.5 and PM2.5 fractions indicated that 79% of the total trace metal levels that were measured were in the PM2.5 fraction, which indicated a strong influence of industrial and/or combustion sources. Fractionalisation of each of the trace metal species detected showed that for each metal species, 40% and more of a specific metal was in the PM2.5 fraction, with Cr, V, Ni, Zn and Mn occurring almost completely in the PM2.5 fraction. Surface analysis with SEM supported results from the chemical analysis, which indicated that a large fraction of the particles was likely to originate from anthropogenic activities and from wind–blown dust. SEM–EDS also detected nonmetallic S that is usually associated with the Pt pyrometallurgical industry that is present in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex. Correlations between Cr, V, Ni, Zn and Mn revealed that the main sources of these species were pyrometallurgical industries. Explorative factor analysis of the unprocessed and Box–Cox transformed data for all 27 metals detected, resolved four meaningful emission sources, i.e. crustal, vanadium related, base metal related and chromium related. Comparison of trace metal species to other parameters measured (e.g. CO, BC) also indicated pyrometallurgical activities and wind–blown dust to be the main sources of trace metals in this region. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Dexamethason-21-isonicotinat als Begleittherapie bei Kühen mit Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Schlüsselwörter: Dexamethason, SIRS, Phagozytoseaktivität/Burstaktivität von Monozyten und neutrophilen Granulozyten, Tumornekrose Faktor alpha

Zugl.: Bochum, Univ., Diss., 2004

Univ., Diss., 2006--Giessen