Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Family Studies and Social Work, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-30).

abstract: The central focus of this dissertation was to build on prior research that has underscored the significance of investigating culturally informed values and beliefs to promote racial-ethnic minority youths’ adjustment. In particular, Study 1 examined how Mexican-origin adolescents’ endorsements of familism values contributed to and moderated established theoretical associations within the achievement motivation process (i.e., contextual environment/individual factors, motivational beliefs, achievement-related strategies) and ultimately informed educational adjustment over time, or 5 years postpartum. Findings from Study 1 supported hypotheses regarding the dual role of familism values as both a promotive and protective factor throughout the achievement motivation process. Importantly findings highlight familism as an important cultural asset to consider as a potential facilitator of Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ postpartum educational attainment. In addition to examining the promotive and protective function of familism, Study 2 explored how constellations of culturally informed promotive and protective factors, based on familism values, familial ethnic socialization, mothers’ and adolescents’ education aspirations, and social support (from family, peers, and dating partners), directly informed Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ educational adjustment postpartum. Three distinct profiles emerged across social, aspirational, and familial domains, when adolescents were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Profiles were distinguished by unique patterns among study variables as a function of different levels of assets and resources. Furthermore, coresidency and economic hardship emerged as significant predictors of membership into latent profiles; and membership in specific profile groups significantly predicted educational attainment five years postpartum. Patterns of promotive/protective factors identified in the current study illustrate the importance of considering how the combination of multiple factors, across culturally salient domains, work in tandem to inform Mexican-origin adolescent mothers’ long-term educational attainment. Overall study findings offer a comprehensive insight into how familism values and other culturally informed factors contribute to the achievement motivation process and educational adjustment of pregnant and parenting Mexican-origin adolescent. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Family and Human Development 2016

Submitted by Luciana Sebin (lusebin@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-15T13:10:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseACM.pdf: 1887695 bytes, checksum: 6a98dcce8bca4978c3c77014ef1c04ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T18:46:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseACM.pdf: 1887695 bytes, checksum: 6a98dcce8bca4978c3c77014ef1c04ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T18:47:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseACM.pdf: 1887695 bytes, checksum: 6a98dcce8bca4978c3c77014ef1c04ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T18:47:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseACM.pdf: 1887695 bytes, checksum: 6a98dcce8bca4978c3c77014ef1c04ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-22 / Não recebi financiamento / The granting of the low-income population through micro credit has been held in several countries, mainly as a way to combat poverty. Much of the population served is not only without an alternative income, but without access to loans for fostering economic activities because it is excluded from the traditional banking services. However, most microcredit loans has been held by women. This trend is related to the finding that female-headed households tend to have the worst economic conditions, which would mean a feminization of poverty. This direct relationship between poverty and women has resulted in the prioritization of women for anti-poverty policies as a means to promote their empowerment through access to economic resources. In Brazil women also has emerged as the main borrowers of microcredit loans, mainly under the National Program for Productive Microcredit (PNPMO), a generation of work and income program. In Brazil, women's access to microcredit is associated with the actions of the Secretary of Policies for Women (SPM/PR) to promote the economic empowerment of women through access to this resource type and the stimulus to female entrepreneurship. Thus, the prospects of feminization of poverty and empowerment permeate the issue of gender and public policy, as well as the form of participation of women in social policies in Brazil, where the ideals of familism and maternalism delimit the design of these policies. Considering this scenario, this research is to address the promotion of women's access to micro-credit as a result of a consensus that expresses an interpretation of the relationship of women to the economic (feminization of poverty, women heads of household, empowerment/autonomy and entrepreneurship female). From the Brazilian case, we point out that familism and maternalism produce effects not only on policies for women, but also on policies that, although the family focus, aim at its realization through the leadership of women. Therefore, there is an interweaving of the ideals of familism and maternalism the "new" categories: the feminization of poverty and women heads of household, passing the proposal emphasizes the need to economically empower women. This justification, that makes sense by naturalization of these categories themselves. In addition, another check is that the role given to women in social policies can have a conservative character for meeting a model of welfare policies with familista design with an emphasis on motherhood. But on the other hand, may be part of a policy proposal is nevertheless progressive to try through this arrangement, justify and ensure greater participation and inclusion of women in public policy. / A concessão de crédito à população de baixa renda através do microcrédito tem sido realizada em diversos países do mundo, prioritariamente como forma de combater a pobreza. Boa parte da população atendida não se encontra apenas sem uma alternativa de renda, mas sem acesso a empréstimos para fomentação de atividades econômicas por se encontrar excluída dos serviços do sistema bancário tradicional. Entretanto, a maioria dos empréstimos de microcrédito tem sido realizada por mulheres. Tal tendência está relacionada à constatação de que as famílias chefiadas por mulheres tendem a apresentar as piores condições econômicas, o que significaria uma feminização da pobreza. Essa relação direta entre a pobreza e mulher tem resultado na priorização das mulheres por políticas de combate à pobreza como meio de promover o seu empoderamento por meio do acesso a recursos econômicos. No Brasil, as mulheres também têm se destacado como as principais tomadoras de empréstimos de microcrédito, principalmente no âmbito do Programa Nacional de Microcrédito Produtivo Orientado (PNPMO), um programa de geração de trabalho e renda. No caso brasileiro, o acesso das mulheres ao microcrédito está associado às ações da Secretaria de Políticas para as Mulheres (SPM/PR), que visam promover a autonomia econômica das mulheres mediante o acesso a esse tipo de recurso e do estímulo ao empreendedorismo feminino. Dessa forma, as perspectivas de feminização da pobreza e de empoderamento perpassam as questões das políticas públicas e de gênero, bem como o modo de inserção das mulheres nas políticas sociais no Brasil, onde os ideários de familismo e maternalismo delimitam o desenho dessas políticas. Considerando tal cenário, a presente pesquisa trata de abordar a promoção do acesso das mulheres ao microcrédito como resultado de um consenso que expressa uma interpretação sobre a relação das mulheres com o econômico (feminização da pobreza, mulher chefe de família, empoderamento/autonomia e empreendedorismo feminino). A partir do caso brasileiro, apontamos que o familismo e o maternalismo produzem efeitos, não somente nas políticas voltadas para as mulheres, mas também nas políticas que, embora tenham a família como foco, visam a sua realização através do protagonismo das mulheres. Há, portanto, um entrelaçamento dos ideários de familismo e maternalismo a “novas” categorias: a feminização da pobreza e a mulher chefe de família, perpassando a proposta que enfatiza a necessidade de empoderar economicamente as mulheres. Justificativa essa, que ganha sentido mediante a naturalização dessas categorias. Além disso, outra verificação é a de que ao protagonismo dado às mulheres nas políticas sociais pode haver um caráter conservador por atender um modelo de políticas de bem estar com desenho familista e com ênfase na maternidade. Por outro lado, tal arranjo pode fazer parte de uma proposta política que não deixa de ser progressista ao tentar através desse arranjo, justificar e garantir uma maior participação e inclusão das mulheres nas políticas públicas.

abstract: Ethnic identity has consistently been associated with Latino youths' psychosocial well-being; however, an area that has received much less attention is how parents' characteristics inform their ethnic socialization efforts and, in turn, youths' ethnic identity. In addition, we know little about how this process unfolds in specific at-risk samples of youth, such as adolescent mothers. Thus, the current prospective study examined how mothers' cultural characteristics informed adolescents' and mothers' reports of ethnic socialization, and how this, in turn, informed adolescents' ethnic identity exploration and resolution among a sample of 193 adolescent mothers and their mothers. In addition, the current study tested whether mothers' ethnic identity affirmation was directly related to adolescents' ethnic identity affirmation over time. Results indicated that mothers' familism was associated with increases in mothers' reports of maternal ethnic socialization, and, in turn, with increases in ethnic identity exploration for foreign-born adolescents, and decreases in ethnic identity exploration for U.S.-born adolescents. In addition, adolescents' reports of familial ethnic socialization were associated with increases in their ethnic identity exploration and resolution. Finally, mothers' ethnic identity affirmation was associated with increases in adolescents' ethnic identity affirmation. Findings are discussed with special attention to the importance of mothers' cultural values in how they socialize their adolescents, and this impact on adolescents' ethnic identity, as well as the implications this study has for interventions focused on bolstering positive outcomes for adolescent mothers. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Family and Human Development 2012

Latinx adolescents report higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms (i.e., internalizing symptoms) compared to other ethnic groups. Research studies primarily conducted with European American youth have concluded that difficulties in emotion regulation and parent-adolescent conflict are associated with an increased risk for youth internalizing symptoms. Additionally, an important Latinx cultural value, familism, has been identified as a protective factor for internalizing symptoms for Latinx adolescents. Therefore, the current study examined how familism, parent-adolescent conflict, and difficulties in emotion regulation interact to influence the development of internalizing symptoms among Latinx adolescents. It was hypothesized that (a) parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation would be positively correlated with internalizing symptoms, (b) a mediation model of the association between parent-adolescent conflict and internalizing symptoms through difficulties in emotion regulation would be supported, (c) familism would be negatively correlated with internalizing symptoms, and (e) familism would moderate the relation between parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation. Lastly, this project explored whether familism would moderate the mediation model of the association between parent-adolescent conflict and internalizing symptoms through difficulties in emotion regulation. To test this, data from the Salud de los Adolescentes Latinos study, which recruited Latinx adolescents (N = 92) from Northern Utah, was analyzed. Results from the study showed that higher levels of parent-adolescent conflict, difficulties in emotion regulation, and the future support subscale of familism were associated with an increased risk for internalizing symptoms among Latinx adolescents. Based on previous research, it was predicted that higher levels of familism would be associated with lower levels of internalizing symptoms, showing a protective effect. However, an association in the opposite direction was found, indicating that in this study familism served as a risk factor. In addition, familism did not moderate the association between parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation nor the mediation model tested from the second study aim. Future studies should investigate the specific risk and protective properties of familism for Latinx adolescents. Findings also indicated that the association between parent-adolescent conflict and internalizing symptoms was partially explained through difficulties in emotion regulation. In other words, higher parent-adolescent conflict was associated with more adolescent difficulties in emotion regulation, which subsequently increased the risk for internalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation are risk factors for Latinx youth internalizing problems. Therefore, prevention and intervention efforts should target parent-adolescent conflict and difficulties in emotion regulation to reduce the risk for internalizing symptoms among Latinx adolescents.

En ofta förbisedd aspekt inom den historiska forskningen om folkmord och extrema beteenden är den japanska fanatismen under andra världskriget. Denna studie syftar på att analysera och utvärdera kausaliteten mellan Japans historia och deras uppträdande under kriget genom en holistisk och tvärvetenskaplig lins av kulturhistoria, psykohistoria och socialpsykologi. Källmaterialet var en sammansmältning av väster- och österländsk historieforskning om kejserliga Japan, men även till en viss del om Tyskland under det Tredje Riket, där mycket av tidigare förövarforskning har genomförts för att försöka förklara Förintelsen och Nazisternas utrotningspolitik. I kombination med socialpsykologiska teorier, ramar, studier och forskning om lydnadspsykologi, konformitet och kollektivism, syftet var att förklara varför ett land med en lång historia av strikta heders- och stolthetskoder, kunde transformeras till en militaristisk krigsmaskin som begick fruktansvärda brott mot mänskligheten och krigsbrott under 1930- och 40-talet. Resultatet visar en kombination av en lång historia av strikta hierarkier, Konfuciansk- och Zen-konformitet, kollektivism, socialisation, enkulturering, familism, auktoritetsbias, samt en livslång indoktrinering av den japanska befolkningen, förenade med ett metanarrativ och mythistoria om kejsarens gudomliga ursprung, den japanska Yamato-rasens unikhet och överlägsenhet, ledde till den visade fanatismen. Sammanparat med Japans ”heliga uppdrag” att befria det koloniserade Ostasien från det uppfattade hotet från Västs imperialister ledde till många av de handlingarna utförda av Japanerna och dissonansen mellan deras inbillade välvilja och verklighetens avskyvärda handlingar. Indoktrineringen i det japanska skolsystemet och militärskolorna, omtolkningen av Bushidō till ”döden är lättare än en fjäder” och ”döden före vanära”, många japaner var så indoktrinerade att blind lydnad följde utan att ifrågasätta, inklusive befallningar från deras överordnade som utgjorde krigsbrott då deindivideringsprocessen hade slutförts. Detta ledde till en hel nation som var villig att offra sig själva för att stoppa de annalkande Allierade. Många kollektivistiska samhällen betonar samhällelig harmoni, sammanhållning och enhetlighet, därav tidsandan blev de föreskrivna normerna och värden, inklusive hotet och den påföljande dehumaniseringen av Väst, den upplevda resursnöden och levnadsutrymme, samt den efterkrigstida offermentaliteten och rationaliseringen av föregående beteenden.

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