Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marlene Bueno Zola.pdf: 2474914 bytes, checksum: 7ba1dd333be28c818f9f075b1f0c6ec3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The familiar and the communitarian living together and the centrality of the family in the public/social policies are current themes, in the international environment. In response to the demand of its debate, this thesis has for object the analysis of the different configurations of the social protection systems from the inter-relationship of the family with the State. It starts from the hypothesis that these policies do not incorporate, in their design and deployment, the due attention to the several transformations, in general, verified in the families, compromising the adequate coverage, in terms of social protection of their members, especially children and teenagers. To check out this fact, the research objective focuses in distinguishing the determinations of structural nature and the day-to-day which affect the families, together with the institutional responses configured amidst of the social policy. The methodological process is founded in the social-historical analysis of the conceptual approaches about families, State and social protection and in the understanding of the present determinations, from recognizing the Social Question to the materializing of the political decision, initially expressed in norms, until its effectuation, in public benefits and services. Comprehended between 2005 and 2010, has for empirical basis a study of international scope conducted in the cities of São Bernardo do Campo, in Brazil; Bellavista, in Peru; Soriano, in Uruguay, for Latin America; and Milan, in Italy, and Nantes in France, for Europe. The analytical approximation on the profile of the families with demand for social protection allowed verifying important proximities and differences among these several locations. Among them, the similarity of the familiar structure, in which the feminine single parent standard and the more expressive difficulties related to economical issues, children education, insufficiency or inadequacy in general of the policies developed are outstanding. The comparative analysis of the partner cities allowed for the recognition of expressions of the Social Question which lead children and teenagers to institutional protection, and also the familiar support, both in the legislation area and in the benefits, programs, projects and services. The study confirms the priority given to the child and the teenager by the guidelines related to the set of protection actions carried out by the cities studied. Therefore it points out the strategic importance attributed to the family as the designed providing instance of social protection. As a matter of fact, the public intervention conditions are distinct. Among them, three kinds of family approach may be observed: the familism; the implicit policies of family support; and the adoption of explicit familiar policy / A convivência familiar e a comunitária e a centralidade da família nas políticas públicas/sociais são temas atuais, em âmbito internacional. Respondendo à exigência de seu debate, esta tese tem por objeto de análise as diferentes conformações dos sistemas de proteção social a partir da inter-relação da família com o Estado. Parte da hipótese de que essas políticas não incorporam, em seu desenho e implantação, a devida atenção às muitas transformações, de modo geral, constatadas nas famílias, comprometendo a cobertura adequada, em termos da proteção social de seus membros, especialmente das crianças e dos adolescentes. Para verificar esse fato, os objetivos da pesquisa concentram-se em distinguir as determinações de natureza estrutural e do cotidiano que afetam as famílias, em conjunto com as respostas institucionais configuradas no bojo da política social. O processo metodológico fundamenta-se na análise sócio-histórica das abordagens conceituais sobre família, Estado e proteção social e na compreensão das determinações presentes, desde o reconhecimento da questão social à concretização da decisão política, inicialmente expressa em normatizações, até a sua efetivação, em benefícios e serviços públicos. Compreendida no período de 2005 a 2010, tem como base empírica um estudo de âmbito internacional realizado nas cidades de São Bernardo do Campo, no Brasil; Bellavista, no Peru; Soriano, no Uruguai, pela América Latina. E Milão, na Itália, e Nantes, na França, pela Europa. A aproximação analítica sobre o perfil das famílias com demanda de proteção social permitiu constatar importantes proximidades e diferenças entre esses vários locais. Entre elas, a semelhança quanto à estrutura familiar, em que se destacam o padrão monoparental feminino e as dificuldades mais expressivas relacionadas a questões econômicas, educação dos filhos, insuficiência ou inadequação no geral quanto às políticas desenvolvidas. A análise comparada das cidades sócias possibilitou reconhecer expressões da questão social que conduzem crianças e adolescentes ao acolhimento institucional, e também de apoio familiar, tanto no plano da legislação como no dos benefícios, programas, projetos e serviços. O estudo confirma a prioridade conferida à criança e ao adolescente pelas diretrizes referentes ao conjunto de ações de proteção empreendidas nas cidades estudadas. Aponta assim a importância estratégica atribuída à família como a instância provedora de proteção social. De fato, as condições de intervenção pública distinguem-se. Entre elas, podem ser observadas três modalidades de abordagem da família: o familismo; as políticas implícitas de apoio familiar; e a adoção de uma política familiar explícita

家族企業是台灣企業的重要組織型態，近年來全球化市場競爭帶給台灣家族企業主及其後代極大的挑戰，而這些企業主後代之生活條件和教育程度迥異於創業業主，企業後代的接班狀況是否會因環境與個人條件的變化而與過去不同，進而產生有別於傳統的生涯選擇？為瞭解上述問題，研究者曾經以質性研究方法針對某本土組織為對象完成「台灣家族企業中三代業主經營理念之變遷」的探索性研究。此個案分析結果顯示該家族三代信念相同，完全建構出該企業的特色，且傳承使命感強烈，不分世代都顯示出利家、護家的行為。因此本研究之目的是以量化研究方式來驗証「家族主義認同與後代接班行為之密切關係」是否也存在於一般台灣家族企業中，即針對企業後代探討「家族主義的認同」與接班行為(意願與結果)的關係，並欲進一步瞭解「個人評估」和「環境評估」如何調節這兩者間的關係。 本研究採問卷調查法進行，樣本為台灣上市公司及規模近似之企業主之後代94人。結果分析所得的重要結論為：(一)企業家後代「家族主義認同」和「接班行為」有正相關。(二)「家族主義認同」與「個人評估」、「環境評估」對於「接班行為」並無交互作用效果。(三)「個人評估」中之「資源利益」因素對「接班意願」最具解釋力，「環境評估」中之「家族支持」因素對「接班結果」最具解釋力。(四)年齡層在四十歲以上者，在「家族主義認同」和「接班意願」上，均高於較年輕的企業家後代。(五) 不同性別在「家族主義認同」、「接班意願」以及「家族支持」上有所差異，但在「接班結果」上並無差異。 / Family business is an important organizational context among Taiwan entrepreneurs. Global competition brings a huge challenge to owners and the succession across generations for the family business. The second or third generation has a different living standard and educational background than the original business founder. Will the succession be influenced by environmental and personal characteristics? Will the family business heirs not follow the traditional career choices of the family business founder? A pilot study used a qualitative research methodology to explore these questions in a local family business organization in Taiwan, interviewing three generations of family members. Based on the family member’s characteristics and beliefs this business developed its own culture. Because of their commitment to the family, every generation protects and profits the family. The purpose of this research is to use a quantitative method to understand how familism and succession across generations are closely related among Taiwan entrepreneurs. Will personal and environmental assessment influence the relationship between familism and succession? This research uses a self-report questionnaire completed by 94 younger generation members of the family business stock companies. The findings of this research are: 1) Identification of familism and succession behavior is positively related. 2) Familism, personal assessment and environmental assessment are independent from succession and showed no interaction. 3) In the dimension of personal assessment, the resource-benefit can best explain the will to succeed and in the dimension of environment assessment family support can best explain the result of succession. 4) Those above 40 years of age were more likely to identify familism and had more willingness to succession. 5) Males and females are different in identifying familism, the will to succession, and family support, but not much different in the result of succession.

Cette recherche porte sur la migration antifasciste de la Ligurie à la France dans l’entre-deux-guerres et montre comment elle s’adressa en particulier vers le Sud-Est et Paris. Il ne s’agit pas d’une étude générale mais centrée sur l’expérience des gens ordinaires et des familles migrantes. Il faut contextualiser l’expression «gens ordinaires» soit du point de vue historique, soit sociale et culturelle: en examinant les caractéristiques des sujets ligures impliqués dans l’exil antifasciste, dans leur territoire d’origine, cette catégorie devient un instrument précieux au fin de sonder de l’intérieur les dynamiques de network de la société. L’étude régionale adoptée permette de suivre des réseaux transnationaux liés à une très remarquable identité de village et/ou de parti politique, ce qui représente une typique modalité migratoire transalpine qui ne s’organisait pas selon des «Little Italies», mais plutôt selon des «petits villages italiens». / This research focus on antifascist migration from Liguria to France, explaining how it has been mostly toward the South-East and Paris. It doesn't target general studies: its focal point, indeed, is on common people and migrant families’ experience. The “Common people” expression must be historically, socially and culturally contextualized. By examining the topics of Ligurian subjects involved in the Interwar period exile, identified in their own original territory, the common people category becomes a precious instrument to evaluate society network dynamics from inside.The regional study allows to follow transnational networks with a strong native town or party identity, a typical Italian migration modality in France, which organized itself in “petits villages italiens” rather than the American model of “Little Italies”.

Cette thèse propose une analyse des transformations postcommunistes en Roumanie à partir d’une étude de la structuration de trajectoires familiales. La réflexion sur les itinéraires très variés de ces trajectoires familiales met en valeur les pratiques développées par les familles dans la construction de leur mode de vie quotidienne après la chute du communisme. L’approche utilisée privilégie deux axes d’analyse. Le premier vise les aspects socio-structurels concernant les cadres de la vie incluant les aspects matériels, alors que le deuxième, l’axe socio-symbolique, concerne les aspects subjectifs liés au vécu des acteurs en corrélation avec le contexte social en mutation. L’analyse est fondée sur des éléments issus de la théorie de la structuration qui ont contribué à la construction du cadre conceptuel. Elle s’appuie aussi sur la méthodologie qualitative qui comprend des récits de vie obtenus à partir des entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés avec les membres de 11 familles. Les thématiques retenues après l’analyse du corpus de données nous ont permis d’identifier des stratégies que les familles ont mises en place et les projets familiaux qui ont orienté leur parcours de vie durant la période de transition postcommuniste. Ces deux concepts révèlent des éléments liés à l’ordre général permettant ainsi la mise en évidence des tendances structurelles de la société postcommuniste. / This thesis presents an analysis of the process of post-communist transformation in Romania, through a study of the structure of family trajectories. An examination of the wide variety of family trajectories highlights the practices developed by families in rebuilding their way of life after the fall of communism. The approach adopts two axes of analysis. The first is the socio-structural framework for life including material aspects, while the second axis, the socio-symbolic axis addresses subjective aspects related to the experiences of actors within their changing social context. The analysis draws on the theory of structuration in its conceptual framework. It is also based on qualitative methodology which includes life stories obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with members of 11 families. The themes selected after analysis of the data corpus allows us to identify strategies that families have put in place and family plans that have shaped their life course during the post-communist transition. These two concepts reveal elements related to the general order allowing the identification of structural trends of post-communist society in Romania.

Cette thèse propose une analyse des transformations postcommunistes en Roumanie à partir d’une étude de la structuration de trajectoires familiales. La réflexion sur les itinéraires très variés de ces trajectoires familiales met en valeur les pratiques développées par les familles dans la construction de leur mode de vie quotidienne après la chute du communisme. L’approche utilisée privilégie deux axes d’analyse. Le premier vise les aspects socio-structurels concernant les cadres de la vie incluant les aspects matériels, alors que le deuxième, l’axe socio-symbolique, concerne les aspects subjectifs liés au vécu des acteurs en corrélation avec le contexte social en mutation. L’analyse est fondée sur des éléments issus de la théorie de la structuration qui ont contribué à la construction du cadre conceptuel. Elle s’appuie aussi sur la méthodologie qualitative qui comprend des récits de vie obtenus à partir des entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés avec les membres de 11 familles. Les thématiques retenues après l’analyse du corpus de données nous ont permis d’identifier des stratégies que les familles ont mises en place et les projets familiaux qui ont orienté leur parcours de vie durant la période de transition postcommuniste. Ces deux concepts révèlent des éléments liés à l’ordre général permettant ainsi la mise en évidence des tendances structurelles de la société postcommuniste. / This thesis presents an analysis of the process of post-communist transformation in Romania, through a study of the structure of family trajectories. An examination of the wide variety of family trajectories highlights the practices developed by families in rebuilding their way of life after the fall of communism. The approach adopts two axes of analysis. The first is the socio-structural framework for life including material aspects, while the second axis, the socio-symbolic axis addresses subjective aspects related to the experiences of actors within their changing social context. The analysis draws on the theory of structuration in its conceptual framework. It is also based on qualitative methodology which includes life stories obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with members of 11 families. The themes selected after analysis of the data corpus allows us to identify strategies that families have put in place and family plans that have shaped their life course during the post-communist transition. These two concepts reveal elements related to the general order allowing the identification of structural trends of post-communist society in Romania.

Les associations contribuent à garder en vie les espaces de pluralisme indispensables à la démocratie. Un lien est établi entre vitalité associative et production de capital social, car les associations participent à la généralisation de la confiance, nécessaire au bon fonctionnement institutionnel et économique. Cependant, la notion de capital social se fonde sur des postulats discutables : l’un « déterministe » et l’autre « libéraliste ». Ainsi, à partir d’une réalité « complexe », celle de la Sicile, nous avons essayé de déconstruire ces a priori théoriques. Ceci afin d’utiliser la notion de capital social dans un cadre interprétatif plus ample qui, d’une part ne s’arrête pas à la seule analyse des interactions sociales au sein des réseaux mais prend en compte la nature spécifique de leur contexte. Et, d’autre part, puisse réintroduire les modalités d’interaction entre associations et pouvoirs publics ainsi que le rôle des institutions dans la production de capital social. / Non-profit organizations (NPO) help in keeping alive those pluralist places which are vital for democracy making processes. The link between the vitality of the voluntary sector and the production of social capital is established because NPO take an active part in the confidence spreading process which is necessary for smooth institutional and economic management. However, the concept of social capital is based on arguable postulates: a «determinist» and a «liberal» one. In the thesis, we have thus tried to deconstruct these theoretical a priori constructions in the complex reality of Sicily in order to use the concept of social capital in a wider interpretative framework. This interpretative framework is thus not limited to the exclusive analysis of social interactions within networks but takes into account the specific nature of their background. Hence, it is possible to re-introduce the modalities of interaction between NPO and authorities as well as the role of the institutions in the production of social capital.

Les associations contribuent à garder en vie les espaces de pluralisme indispensables à la démocratie. Un lien est établi entre vitalité associative et production de capital social, car les associations participent à la généralisation de la confiance, nécessaire au bon fonctionnement institutionnel et économique. Cependant, la notion de capital social se fonde sur des postulats discutables : l’un « déterministe » et l’autre « libéraliste ». Ainsi, à partir d’une réalité « complexe », celle de la Sicile, nous avons essayé de déconstruire ces a priori théoriques. Ceci afin d’utiliser la notion de capital social dans un cadre interprétatif plus ample qui, d’une part ne s’arrête pas à la seule analyse des interactions sociales au sein des réseaux mais prend en compte la nature spécifique de leur contexte. Et, d’autre part, puisse réintroduire les modalités d’interaction entre associations et pouvoirs publics ainsi que le rôle des institutions dans la production de capital social. / Non-profit organizations (NPO) help in keeping alive those pluralist places which are vital for democracy making processes. The link between the vitality of the voluntary sector and the production of social capital is established because NPO take an active part in the confidence spreading process which is necessary for smooth institutional and economic management. However, the concept of social capital is based on arguable postulates: a «determinist» and a «liberal» one. In the thesis, we have thus tried to deconstruct these theoretical a priori constructions in the complex reality of Sicily in order to use the concept of social capital in a wider interpretative framework. This interpretative framework is thus not limited to the exclusive analysis of social interactions within networks but takes into account the specific nature of their background. Hence, it is possible to re-introduce the modalities of interaction between NPO and authorities as well as the role of the institutions in the production of social capital.