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Children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes face lifetime issues that will affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). These challenges require varied coping skills to manage the disease and a commitment to find ways to increase HRQoL. It was proposed that children’s general coping styles would be mediators in both the relation of family environment and children’s health-related quality of life and the relation of parental perceived social support and children’s health-related quality of life in children aged 8-16 with Type 1 diabetes. Age was also proposed to be a moderator in the relation of children’s coping to their health-related quality of life. Children aged 8 to 16 and their primary caregivers (N = 56) were recruited to participate in the study at a university hospital tertiary care clinic. Children completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 3.0 Diabetes Module for children and adolescents (PedsQL 3.0) and the Children’s Coping Strategies Checklist-Revision 1. Primary caregivers completed the PedsQL 3.0 for parents, the Family Environment Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Regression analyses were used to identify a model that explained the contribution of each factor to predict HRQoL. It was hypothesized that children’s active, distraction, and support-seeking general coping strategies would be mediators in the relation of family environment and parental perceived social support to children’s health-related quality of life and that children’s general avoidant coping strategies would not mediate either the relation of family environment or parental perceived social support to children’s health-related quality of life. Although children’s active, distraction, and support-seeking coping strategies were not found to mediate the relation of family environment to children’s health-related quality of life or the relation of parental perceive social support to health-related quality of life, children’s avoidant coping strategies were found to be a mediator in the relation of family environment to children’s health-related quality of life and in the relation of parental perceived social support to health-related quality of life. It was also hypothesized that children’s age would moderate the relation of children’s active, distraction, and support-seeking coping strategies to children’s health-related quality of life. Age moderated the relation of avoidant coping to HRQoL. Avoidant coping was negatively associated with HRQoL for the older children but the association was not significant for younger children. To facilitate a better health-related quality of life for children with Type 1 diabetes, therapists and healthcare professionals should identify ways to help parents feel more supported as they care for and create a more cohesive and low conflict family environment, which contributes to their children’s health-related quality of life. Additionally, therapists should work with children and their parents to increase children’s use of active, distraction, and support-seeking coping strategies, which are related to more positive outcomes compared to children’s use of avoidant coping strategies, which are related to less positive outcomes. / Ph. D.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-19T18:09:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fénita Manuel Mahendra_.pdf: 3444389 bytes, checksum: 1e4c41f4c63c7e493e1ee9ddc7bf6924 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-19T18:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fénita Manuel Mahendra_.pdf: 3444389 bytes, checksum: 1e4c41f4c63c7e493e1ee9ddc7bf6924 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-15 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O desempenho escolar é um fenómeno multifacetado, que pode ser influenciado por questões individuais, familiares e sociais, fazendo-se necessária a realização de pesquisas que procurem compreender esses aspectos e como eles se inter-relacionam. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação abordará, especificamente, a relação entre as dimensões do ambiente familiar (coesão familiar, conflito, expressividade, independência, assertividade, interesses culturais/intelectuais e de lazer, religião e nível de organização e controle) e o desempenho escolar de adolescentes matriculados em escolas municipais da rede fundamental de ensino de São Leopoldo-RS. Ela está constituída por três estudos apresentados em formato de artigos científicos. O primeiro deles apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre a relação entre o ambiente familiar e o desempenho escolar no ensino fundamental e médio, considerando o período de 2010 a 2014, a fim de analisar o país de origem, os fatores e os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o ambiente familiar e o desempenho escolar, além dos seus aspectos metodológicos. O segundoconsiste em um estudo de caráter quantitativo, que teve como objetivo comparar o ambiente familiar de 24 pais e 18 adolescentes com histórico de reprovação escolar, e 19 pais e adolescentes sem o mesmo histórico, que responderam a Escala de Ambiente Familiar.Já no terceiro buscou-se caracterizar qualitativamente o ambiente de duas famílias cujo filho adolescente tinha histórico de reprovação escolar e outras duas cujo filho não tinha o mesmo histórico, a partir de uma entrevista semiestruturada realizada com os pais.Espera-se que a compreensão da relação existente entre o ambiente familiar e o desempenho escolar possa contribuir para que os profissionais da área da saúde e da educação incentivem a aproximação das famílias do contexto escolar a fim de promover um adequado processo de ensino-aprendizagem. / The school performance is a multi-faceted phenomenon, which can be influenced by individual, family and social issues. Therefore it is necessary to conduct studies that attempt to understand these issues and how they interrelate. In this regard, this dissertation aims to address specifically the relationship between the dimensions of family environment (family cohesion, conflict, expressiveness, independence, assertiveness, cultural/intellectual interests and leisure, religion and level of organization and control) and school performance of adolescents enrolled in public schools of elementary education of São Leopoldo-RS. It is composed of three studies presented in the form of scientific articles. The first presents a systematic review of the literature on the relationship between the family environment and school performance in elementary and high education, considering the period from 2010 to 2014 in order to analyse the country of origin, factors and instruments used to assess the family environment and school performance, as well as methodological aspects. The second consists of a quantitative study, which aimed to compare the family environment of 24 parents and 18 adolescents with history of school failure, and 19 parents and adolescents without the same history who answered the Family Environment Scale. Finally the third study sought to characterize qualitatively the family environment of two teenagers with history of school failure and two teenagers without this history, through a semi-structured interview with the parents. It is hoped that understanding the relationship between the family environment and school performance will contribute for more encouragement from the education and health professionals for the families to get closer to the school context in order to promote a proper process of teaching and learning.

Embora exista um corpo de pesquisa dedicado a investigar as relações entre família e adoecimento psíquico, ainda faltam muitas informações sobre como se dão estas interações. Os transtornos mentais apresentam um impacto significativo sobre as famílias e, ao mesmo tempo, podem ser afetados por características da mesma. Além disto, a depender dessas características, a família pode apresentar-se como fator de proteção (suporte, apoio) ou risco ao desenvolvimento do portador de transtorno mental, em especial na infância. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as famílias de crianças com transtorno mental em relação ao funcionamento familiar e os recursos ambientais que estas famílias oferecem para suas crianças, buscando identificar associações entre o funcionamento familiar, a disponibilização de recursos no ambiente familiar e as variáveis sociodemográficas. Responsáveis por 33 pacientes de um serviço de Psiquiatria foram entrevistados para o preenchimento de um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades - SDQ, o Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar - RAF, e a Escala de Avaliação da Coesão e Adaptabilidade Familiar - FACES IV. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e aplicados o teste de correlação de Spearman para verificar associações entre as dimensões de funcionamento familiar e os recursos do ambiente familiar; as variáveis sociodemográficas foram categorizadas e submetidas a análises comparativas, utilizando o teste de Mann Whitney (variáveis dicotômicas) e teste de Kruskal Wallis (variáveis com três categorias). A maioria dos pacientes investigados eram do sexo masculino (69,7%) e frequentavam escola (78,8%). Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (39,4%) e Transtorno do Espectro Autista (39,4%). Apenas 12,1% das famílias foram consideradas disfuncionais. Os recursos mais presentes no ambiente foram brinquedos (6,9 ±2,0), a família estar reunida para atividades de rotina (6,6 ±2,3), realização de atividades conjuntas com os pais em casa (6,0 ±2,1) e organização dos horários/rotina (5,9 ±2,5). Variáveis sociodemográficas como frequência à escola, o responsável exercer atividade profissional, percepção familiar sobre a gravidade das dificuldades da criança, escolaridade do responsável e classe social mostraram influência sobre funcionamento familiar. Frequência da criança à escola, responsável trabalhar fora, presença de comorbidades, escolaridade do responsável e classe socioeconômica também influenciaram a oferta de recursos pela família. A subescala emaranhada (disfuncional) de funcionamento familiar mostrou associação positiva com sintomas emocionais (r= 0,376; p<0,01) e a subescala satisfação familiar correlacionou-se negativamente com os mesmos sintomas (r=-0,365; p<0,05). As subescalas desequilibradas (desengajada, emaranhada e caótica) apresentaram correlações negativas fracas ou moderadas com os recursos ambientais (variando de r=-0,348 a r=-0,484). As subescalas equilibradas (coesão, flexibilidade, comunicação e satisfação familiar) correlacionaram-se positivamente (variando de r=0,348 a r=0,515) com a maioria dos recursos investigados pelo RAF. A presença de sintomas de hiperatividade e de sintomas emocionais mostrou-se negativamente correlacionada com os recursos investigados. De modo geral, as famílias investigadas apresentam um bom funcionamento, entretanto, há indicadores de disfuncionalidade presentes. Os resultados evidenciam que crianças com transtorno mental têm poucos recursos disponíveis no ambiente familiar que possam promover seu desenvolvimento afetivo, cognitivo e social. Além disto, os achados sugerem que quanto mais dificuldades a criança apresenta, menor é seu acesso a estes recursos. Apesar das dificuldades, recursos pessoais e familiares estão presentes / Although there is a body of research dedicated to investigate the relationship between family and mental illness, still lack a lot of information about these interactions. Mental disorders have a significant impact on families and, at the same time, may be affected by family characteristics. In addition, depending on these characteristics, the family can present itself as a protective or risk factor to the development of the bearer of mental disorder, especially in childhood. In this context, the objective of this study was to characterize the families of children with mental disorder in relation to family functioning and the environmental resources that these families provide for their children, seeking to identify associations between family functioning, the availability of resources in the family environment and sociodemographic variables. Parents of 33 patients from a Psychiatry service were interviewed to complete a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Capacities and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ, the Family Environment Resource Inventory - RAF, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale IV (FACES IV). Descriptive analyzes were performed and the Spearman correlation test was applied to verify associations between the dimensions of family functioning and the resources of the family environment; the sociodemographic variables were categorized and submitted to comparative analysis using the Mann Whitney test (dichotomous variables) and Kruskal Wallis test (variables with three categories). The majority of the patients investigated were males (69.7%) and attended school (78.8%). The most frequent diagnoses were Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (39.4%) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (39.4%). Only 12.1% of the families considered were dysfunctional. The resources more present in the environment were toys (6.9 ±2.0), the family be gathered for routine activities (6.6 ±2.3), carrying out joint activities with parents at home (6.0 ±2.1) and the organization of schedules /routine (5.9 ±2.5). Sociodemographic variables such as attendance at school, the respondent engage in professional activity, family perception about the severity of the child\'s difficulties, schooling of the respondent and social class showed influence on family functioning. Frequency of the child to school, respondent work outside, presence of comorbidities, schooling of the respondent and socioeconomic class also influenced the supply of resources by the family. The enmeshed subscale (unbalanced) showed a positive association with emotional symptoms (r = 0.376, p <0.01) and the family satisfaction subscale correlated negatively with the same symptoms (r = -0.365, p <0.05). Unbalanced subscales (disengaged, enmeshed and chaotic) showed weak or moderate negative correlations with environmental resources (ranging from r = 0.348 to r = -0.484). The balanced subscales (cohesion, flexibility, communication and family satisfaction) correlated positively (ranging from r = 0.348 to r = 0.515) with the majority of the resources investigated by the RAF. The presence of hyperactivity and emotional symptoms were negatively correlated with the investigated resources. In general, families investigated have a good functioning; however, indicators of dysfunction are present. The results show that children with mental disorders have few resources available in the family environment that can promote their affective, cognitive and social development. In addition, the findings suggest that the more difficulties the child presents, the less is the access to these resources. Despite difficulties, personal and family resources are present

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized the world over as a major public health issue. Autism is highly prevalent, persists across the lifespan, and is characterized by behaviors that can profoundly impair typical functioning. Interventions based on behavioral strategies have proven effective, but there are significant barriers to care, including cost, intensity of treatment, and access to qualified practitioners. The impact of ASD and obstacles to appropriate care are magnified by systemic limitations in developing countries. Parent training holds promise as a method of disseminating therapy to underserved areas. This study investigated the effectiveness of a pyramidal parent training intervention in Macedonia. Fifteen parents of children with ASD were trained in three specific strategies for promoting prosocial skills: eye contact, compliance, reducing restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB). Parents reported daily ratings of these skills and their own confidence, action or engagement, and family distress. Participants were ethnic Macedonians from the capital of Skopje with at least one child with ASD between the ages of 2 and 13 years. This study utilized a single case research design. Data were collected per and post intervention using an interrupted time series design. Individual response was analyzed visually and Tau U effect sizes were calculated. Moderator and mediator effect was considered following the method initially established by Gaynor and Harris (2008). Effect sizes were small but significant for the group overall for all variables except restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB). The program was especially effective for younger children, those with comorbid hyperactivity, those with low to moderate symptomology, and those with no prior special education services.

Orientador: Selma de Cassia Martinelli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T13:38:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guidetti_AndreiaArruda_M.pdf: 1584636 bytes, checksum: 1a39110573f91c8b68a9de66dd7f299c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo : O núcleo familiar é, para a psicologia, revestido de uma importância capital, visto que é o primeiro ambiente psicossocial, protótipo das relações a serem estabelecidas com o mundo. Contudo, estudos teóricos deste campo de conhecimento têm evidenciado que o ambiente familiar tanto pode ser uma fonte de recursos para um desenvolvimento sadio, atuando como mecanismo de proteção para a criança lidar com as dificuldades, como pode levar a reações inadaptadas. Dessa forma, cada vez mais, estudos empíricos têm focado sua atenção na análise do ambiente familiar relacionado a aspectos da vida escolar infantil. Diante desse contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar os recursos materiais e humanos do ambiente familiar mediante relatos dos familiares e os suportes e recursos do ambiente familiar mediante relatos das crianças do ensino fundamental e verificar se diferentes níveis de compreensão em leitura e escrita correspondem a diferenças nos recursos do ambiente familiar. Participaram deste estudo 148 crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idades variando de 8 a 12 anos, provenientes de três escolas municipais de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo e seus respectivos familiares. Foram utilizados 4 instrumentos para a coleta de dados. As crianças responderam uma Escala de Avaliação da Escrita, um texto elaborado segundo a técnica Cloze para avaliar a compreensão em leitura e um Questionário sobre os Suportes e Recursos do Ambiente Familiar. Os pais responderam a um Inventário sobre os Recursos do Ambiente Familiar. Os resultados mostram valores significativos no teste de correlação de Spearman evidenciando a relação entre a compreensão em leitura e o desempenho em escrita com os recursos do ambiente familiar por meio do relato infantil. O teste Kruskall-Wallis revelou que há diferenças significativas de recursos no ambiente familiar na percepção infantil, verificadas entre os grupos com diferentes níveis de compreensão em leitura e desempenho em escrita, enquanto o teste Mann- Whitney apontou a direção destas diferenças mostrando que, conforme aumentam os recursos do ambiente familiar, mais aparecem as diferenças no desempenho escolar infantil. Desta forma, conclui-se que o presente estudo evidencia uma relação nítida entre os recursos do ambiente familiar e o desempenho escolar infantil, possibilitando, assim, o conhecimento de novos elementos para se pensar a ligação entre o ambiente familiar e o aprendizado da criança / Abstract : The family core is, to the Psychology, enfolded by a capital importance, since it must be being the first psychosocial environment, prototype of the relations to be established with the world. However, theoretical studies of this area have evidenced that the family environment can either be a wellspring of resources to a healthy development, acting as a mechanism of protection to the child deals with the difficulties, or lead to unadapted reactions. Therefore, more and more, empirical studies have focused their attention on the analysis of the family environment connected with the child school life aspects. Taking these concepts into consideration, the aim of the present study is not only to analyze the material and human resources of the family environment through reports of the family members, and the family environment supports and resources through reports of the children from the elementary school, but also to verify if different levels of reading and writing comprehension correspond to the differences in the family environment resources. One hundred and forty-eight children of both genders, aged between eight and twelve years old, coming from the municipal schools of a city located in the state of São Paulo, took part in this study, as well as their respective family members. Four instruments to collect the data were applied. The children answered a Writing Evaluation Scale, a text elaborated according to the Cloze test technique to assess the reading comprehension, and a Questionnaire about The Family Environment Supports and Resources. The parents answered an Inventory about the Family Environment Resources. The results indicate significant values in the Spearman correlation test, evincing the relation between the reading comprehension and the writing performance with the family environment resources through the child report. The Kruskall-Wallis test revealed that there are meaningful differences of resources in the family environment according to the child perception, verified among the groups with different levels of reading comprehension and writing performance, while the Mann-Whitney test indicated the direction of these differences, showing that as the family environment resources increase, more noticeable are the differences in the child school performance. Therefore, it is concluded that the current research attests to na obvious relation between the family environment resources and the child school performance, enabling the knowledge of new elements to reflect the link between the family environment and the child¿s learning / Mestrado / Psicologia Educacional / Mestre em Educação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Djiane Strelciunas.pdf: 3545136 bytes, checksum: 1ff83d7045d189f2fe59b4008e044087 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Reading is an information acquisition process based on decoding written symbols and on the interpretation of a text linked to an academic, cultural context. It is a competence which becomes indispensable in the way the student will go through school. Good performance in reading is essential for the learning to take place, as well as for satisfactory academic performance. This study aims to evaluate the performance ratio in elementary school reading with the following variables: academic motivation, family environment and self-regulation. The participants chosen thereto were 45 elementary school students from a public school in São Paulo, aged 9 and 10 years. The evaluations were performed in the school and home visits, where the Raven colored progressive matrices tests were applied, as well as RCT, School Motivation Assessment Scale Children and Youth, HOME Inventory for Evaluation of Family Environment, Resource Inventory HOME Environment, Self-Regulation Scale adapted (Ryan and Connell). Pearson correlations were conducted, showing that the reading performance did not differ between genders in the total RCT; on the other hand, in words and items CI PH, girls had a significantly higher average. The CR items, PH and TV show significant moderate correlations with Portuguese language grades; TS item showed significant correlation of low magnitude with the Portuguese language grades. Positive correlations with moderate magnitude in the regulation indexes identified with RCT, and in the 2nd and 3rd terms grades and Portuguese language annual average scores. Concerning the RAI and the four items that encompass it, there was a positive correlation, significant low magnitude between external regulation and TF words, grades in 2nd and 3rd terms and words with TS. Positive and significant correlation of total HOME and physical environment item with CR and PH words. We conclude that reading performance of elementary school students correlates with the proposed variables, with some difference among them. / A leitura é um processo de aquisição de informação, baseado na decodificação de símbolos escritos e na interpretação de um texto atrelado a um contexto acadêmico, cultural; competência indispensável no caminho que o aluno percorre na escola. O bom desempenho em leitura é fundamental para que ocorra aprendizagem e um desenlace acadêmico satisfatório. O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a relação do desempenho em leitura do aluno do Ensino Fundamental I com as variáveis: motivação acadêmica, ambiente familiar e autorregulação. Dele, participaram quarenta e cinco alunos do Ensino Fundamental I de uma escola pública de São Paulo, com idades entre nove e dez anos. As avaliações foram realizadas no ambiente escolar e em visitas domiciliares, onde foram aplicados os Testes: matrizes progressivas coloridas de Raven, TCLPP, escala de avaliação da motivação escolar infanto-juvenil, inventário HOME para avaliação do ambiente familiar, inventário de recursos do ambiente Ffmiliar, escala de autorregulação adaptada (Ryan e Connel). Também foram conduzidas correlações de Pearson e os resultados demonstraram que o desempenho em leitura não difere entre os gêneros no total do TCLPP; nos itens palavras CI e PH, meninas apresentaram média maior e significativa. Na correlação significativa entre motivação e notas de língua portuguesa; os itens CR, PH e TV apresentaram correlações significativas de magnitude moderada com as referidas notas, ao passo que o item TS apresentou correlação significativa de baixa magnitude com as notas de língua portuguesa. Houve correlações positivas com magnitude moderada nos índices da regulação identificada com TCLPP, em notas de 2º, 3 º bimestres e médias de língua portuguesa; no RAI e nos quatro itens que o compõem ocorreu correlação positiva, significativa de baixa magnitude entre regulação externa e palavras TF, em notas de 2º e 3º bimestres e palavras com TS. A correlação foi positiva e significativa do total do HOME e no item ambiente físico com palavras CR e PH. Conclui-se que o desempenho em leitura dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental I se correlaciona com as variáveis propostas, com diferença entre elas.

The problem with which this investigation was concerned was that of the use of parents as therapeutic agents. The purpose of this study was twofold. The first was to determine the effect of filial therapy on parental acceptance, self-esteem, parent-child relationship, and family environment. A second was to analyze the results and make recommendations concerning the effectiveness of filial therapy as a treatment modality for parents and their children. The experimental design of the study was a nonrandomized, pretest-posttest, control group design.The sample (N=47) consisted of the experimental group (parents N=15, children N=9) who received filial therapy and the control group (parents N=12, children N=ll) who did not. The treatment included ten, two hour weekly parent training sessions. During these sessions the parents were taught the principles of client-centered play therapy and were instructed to conduct weekly one-half hour play sessions at home with their own children. Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusions were drawn: 1) Filial therapy does significantly increase the parents' feeling of unconditional love for their children and 2) Filial therapy does significantly increase the parents' perception of expressed conflict in their family. In addition to the statistically significant results, there were some important trends which were mentioned as directional conclusions. These qualitative judgments include: 1) Filial therapy may be an effective treatment for increasing parents' acceptance of their children, especially parents' feelings of unconditional love; 2) Filial therapy may be a somewhat effective treatment for increasing self-esteem, yet more effective in increasing parents' self-esteem than children's self-esteem; 3) Filial therapy may be an effective treatment for increasing the closeness of the parent-child relationship without altering the authority hierarchy; 4) Filial therapy may influence the family environment, especially in the areas of expressiveness, conflict, independence, intellectual-cultural orientation, and control; and 5) Filial therapy may be an effective treatment for increasing parents' understanding of the meaning of their childrens' play.