The family means an environment in which human personality is formed, where human capital is created and where future generations are raised and educated. Its prosperity influences the development of the state as well as the cultural, social and economic development. It is always a stressful situation for the family if the newborn child is handicapped or if the handicap develops in a child so far healthy. There may be inevitable changes in parents´ employment, in the lifestyle of the family, in the way of spending free time and often even in the relationships within the family. One form of possible alleviation in such a situation is the existence of social services. Act no. 108/2006 on Social Services is aimed at specifying particular types of social services and related allowances as a tool for helping. The intended outcome is a healthy, competitive environment in this sphere and subsequent growth of social services network. The submitted bachelor thesis is based on qualitative research focused on the opinions and attitudes of handicapped children´s parents. The parents evaluated the current forms of support provided for their families, the offer of social services in their region and the services utilization. The thesis also surveys how much information is available to the parents as regards the system of social help and social services, what is their first experience regarding family care allowance. This allowance is a new form within the Czech social support system. The sample consisted of thirty parents of handicapped children and the data collection technique was based on semi-standardized interviews and content analysis. The survey results yielded the following hypothesis for prospective quantitative research: The interest of families with a handicapped child in broader offer of social services does not depend on the nominal value of allowances intended for covering the cost of these services.

Le phénomène d’agression sexuelle sur les enfants et la sévérité des conséquences qu’il engendre représentent un problème social important. Les recherches effectuées sur le sujet indiquent que les répercussions négatives associées à l’agression concernent la majorité des victimes. Les séquelles sur le plan psychologique et comportemental ont été bien documentées à ce jour, alors que les connaissances sont plus rares en ce qui concerne l’impact de l’agression sexuelle sur la santé sexuelle, notamment auprès des adolescentes. L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’explorer les conséquences d’une agression sexuelle commise pendant l’enfance sur le plan de la santé sexuelle des adolescentes, ainsi que les facteurs de protection susceptibles de contribuer au rétablissement des victimes. L’échantillon est composé de 125 adolescentes victimes d’agression sexuelle, ayant rempli un questionnaire pour mesurer les caractéristiques de l’agression vécue et différents indicateurs liés à la santé sexuelle. Les résultats révèlent que les adolescentes actives sexuellement présentent différents comportements sexuels à risque pouvant affecter leur santé sexuelle notamment l’âge du premier rapport sexuel consentant, le nombre de partenaires sexuels, l’utilisation du condom, la grossesse à l’adolescence et les comportements sexuels en échange de biens. D’autre part, parmi les facteurs de protection considérés, seul le soutien maternel s’est révélé avoir une incidence positive sur le risque de s’engager dans des activités liées à la prostitution. Les autres facteurs de protection n’ont révélé aucun lien significatif contrairement aux hypothèses. Enfin, les données issues de la présente recherche soulignent le fait que les victimes d’ASE plus sévère sont davantage susceptibles de s’engager dans des rapports sexuels non protégés. Par ailleurs, l’ASE commise dans l’environnement intrafamilial prédit un plus grand nombre de partenaires sexuels chez les adolescentes interrogées. Ainsi, les interventions cliniques intégrant la mère dans la thérapie et optimisant les connaissances sur les moyens de contraception et leur nécessité dans la prévention des infections transmises sexuellement et des grossesses non désirées pourraient être particulièrement pertinentes auprès des adolescentes survivantes d’agression sexuelle. / The phenomenon of sexual abuse on children and the severity of its consequences is an important social problem. Research on the subject indicates that the negative impact of assaults affects the vast majority of victims. The psychological and behavioral repercussions have been well documented to this day, yet the result involving the impact of the abuse on sexual health, especially amongst adolescents, have been scantly investigated. The aim of this research is to explore the consequences of child sexual abuse (CSA) on adolescent sexual health, as well as the protective factors that may contribute to the recovery of victims. The sample consisted of 125 female adolescents that have been sexually abused, who have completed a questionnaire measuring the characteristics of their assault and different indicators related to sexual health. Results show that sexually active adolescent present different unhealthy sexual behaviors that may affect their sexual health, including early age of first sexual relations, number of sexual partners, condom use, pregnancy and prostitution. Among the different protective factors considered, only maternal support was found to have a positive impact on the risk of engaging in prostitution-related activities. The other protective factors revealed no significant link contradicting the hypothesis. Finally, data from this research highlights the fact that more severe CSA victims are more likely to engage in unprotected sex. Moreover, the CSA committed by an intra-familial perpetrator predicted a greater number of sexual partners. Thus, clinical interventions that integrate the mother into therapy and maximize knowledge about contraception and their necessity in preventing sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies may be particularly relevant to CSA teenage survivors.

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This diploma thesis deals with the topic of clients after lower limb/s amputation and their social rehabilitation afterwards in home care. Beginning of thesis describes the current situation and the concept of social rehabilitation as one of the comprehensive rehabilitation process of people in early post-amputation stage. Next section of thesis shows difficulties that occurs after amputation and impact upon personal life that is materially changed. Describing the process of coping with this unpleasant health change is based on traditional model of two important people in this field Mr. Kübler-Ross and Mr. Křivohlavý. At the same time, analysis of the formal support system in Ústí nad Labem is being evaluated. This system provides support not only to disabled people but also to people who take infromal care of the one injured. Informal care plays significant role in the process of social rehabilitation of people starting new life stage due to physical change. In thesis are mentioned possibilities of developing skills of informal caregivers, usage of financial benefits for disabled people and possible providers support of medical and social services in a given location. However, it also focuses on possible troubles associated with care provided by family members or other persons. At the same time,...

The theme of this thesis is the analysis of socially pathological issues in the context of placing children into children's homes. It investigates the causes of these issues and possible methods of prevention. At the beginning of the thesis there is a brief characteristics and history of institutional care in the Czech Republic. There is also a part about the formation of socially pathological issues based on internal and external causes in humans life. Furthermore there is a detailed analysis of certain socially pathological issues in the families and their influence on a child's development. These specific issues were chosen based on findings made in Children's Home Dolní Počernice. In the conclusion of the theoretical part of this thesis there are mentioned possible ways of supporting families - as a method of prevention of placing children into institutional care. Especially focused was the method Housing First and its first testing in Brno, where the positive impact on the quality of life of participating families was achieved. The research part of this thesis was realized via a quantitative survey - 61 files of children placed into Children's Home Dolní Počernice were analyzed in June 2018. I focused mainly on the causes of placing the child into the institutional care, family conditions, and...

This thesis had two maim aims. First to analyse the work of municipal social workers in Pardubice county. It sought to answer following questions: what are the current practices of OSPOD workers in various areas of their work? What will the new law on social protection of children change? What else is needed to move closer the best possible practise? The second aim was to estimate what proportion of children currently placed in institutions for babies in Pardubice county would need foster in case the institutions were closed down and what proportion of children currently placed need not be removed from the family at all were their families provided with support. As for the first aim, the analysis has shown that many aspects of the work of OSPOD play an important in the system of care for vulnerable children, yet the current practise in most of them significantly lags behind what could be called best possible practise. The new law will change the situation only partly. On the positive side significant changes in the practise of OSPOD is achievable. As for the second aim, due to limitations of available data, only very rough estimates could be made. But the estimates suggest that not so huge human and financial resources would be required to replace institutions for babies

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À partir d'un modèle d’analyse alliant les apports théoriques des sociologies de l'aide familiale et des émotions, nous analysons l'expérience de la prise en charge familiale de la maladie d’Alzheimer à travers trois dilemmes : l’exercice de la toilette du malade, le recours aux structures d'accueil et d’hébergement et l’intervention dans sa vie privée. Ces dilemmes sont appréhendés au prisme de trois registres d'interprétation, d'action et de justification : un registre principiel, un registre relationnel et un registre émotionnel. Nos analyses éclairent ainsi la singularité plurielle des expériences et des implications des proches familiaux des malades. / From an analytical model, combining the theoretical contributions of the sociology of family support and the sociology of emotions, we analyze the experience of family care of Alzheimer’s disease through three dilemmas: the exercise of the patient’s toilet, the use of reception and housing structures by families and intervention in the patient’s private life. Theses dilemmas are understood through the prism of three registers of interpretation, action and justification: a register of principles, a relational register and an emotional register. Our analysis light up the plural singularity of experiences and implications of relatives of Alzheimer’s patients. / A partir de un modelo analítico que combina las contribuciones teóricas de las sociologías del apoyo familiar y de las emociones, se analiza la experiencia de la atención familiar de la enfermedad de Alzheimer a través de tres dilemas: el ejercicio del baño del enfermo, el uso de centros de día y residencias, y la intervención en su vida privada. Estos dilemas se entienden bajo el prisma de tres registros de interpretación, acción y justificación: un registro de principios, un registro relacional y un registro emocional. Nuestros análisis aclaran la singularidad plural de las experiencias e implicaciones de los familiares de los enfermos.

The thesis looks at issues regarding the life of children growing up in children's homes. Theoretical part focuses on child, family, its functions and behavioural disorders in family that often result in violence against children and may lead to institutional childcare. The section regarding behavioural disorders in family is followed by a description of specific aspects of social and legal protection of children. Solutions and possibilities provided by State or other organizations for at-risk children are described. There is also a description of substitute care institutions. Finally, the most frequent reasons for placement of children in children's homes are listed, including risks that may result from leaving such institutions. Practical part of the thesis looks at young people growing up in children's homes. Children´s life in such institutions was mapped using qualitative research. The main objective was to answer to the research questions in order to get a better understanding of issues regarding children placed in children's homes.

PhD (Health Sciences) / Department of Advanced Nursing Science / Background: Family-centred approaches to Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) interventions present an important direction for sustainability and prevention of pediatric infections while improving overall family health. Despite numerous opportunities to sustain and expand the existing PMTCT interventions, Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) still occurs. This is evidenced by the number of under-five children who are admitted in hospital being infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) between the ages of 6 weeks to 18 months, whereas the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) results was non-reactive at six weeks. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a strategy to enhance family-centered interventions for PMTCT sustainability in the selected districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Phase 1: The study was conducted in phases. In Phase 1, which was empirical, the following objectives: to explore the risks that contribute to MTCT between the ages of 6 weeks and 18 months; to explore the perceptions of family members regarding family support in PMTCT interventions; and to explore the factors that affect the provision of family support in PMTCT interventions. Phase 2: was development of the strategy and validation of the strategy. Methods: The exploratory sequential mixed method was used to conduct the study, where qualitative data were collected and analyzed first; followed by collecting, analyzing and interpreting the quantitative data. The population comprised the following groups: mothers of babies between 6 weeks and 18 months who are living with HIV/AIDS, family members were represented by male partners, grandmothers or mother’s in_-law and health care professionals working at the PHC Heath Centers v or clinics rendering PMTCT services. In the qualitative design, participants were selected by non-probability purposive sampling and data were collected through one-to-one interview and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed utilizing the open-coding method. In the quantitative design, participants were selected by using simple random sampling and data were collected by means of self-administered survey questionnaires with structured close-and open-ended questions. The population were midwives from Capricorn, Mopani and Vhembe districts PHC clinic. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 22 and descriptive statistics. In Phase 2, findings from the data were used to develop an intervention strategy. The strategy was developed through the use of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis. The developed strategy was validated by using a quantitative design. / NRF