No description available.

The thesis aims to examine the fear responses of 8 to 13 years old children to content of TV-news. To reach this aim, study investigated / a) relationship between mothers&rsquo / and children&rsquo / s responses about children&rsquo / s TV-news induced fears, b) nature of TV-news induced fears among 8-13 years old girls and boys, c) most common fearful coverages of TV-news, d) threatful parts of TV-news, and e) behaviors of children shown as reactions to TV-news. To examine the nature and severity of TV-news induced fears of children, Television Induced Fright Scale (TIFS-Valkenburg, Cantor &amp / Peeters, 2000) was adapted into Turkish. TIFS was administered to 186 (95-girls, 91-boys), 8 to 13 year olds and their mothers. In addition, &ldquo / mother survey&rdquo / examined the threatful parts of TV-news, and behavioral manifestations of children, and a demographic information form were administrated to mothers. According to findings, differences were found between children&rsquo / s responses and mothers&rsquo / opinions. TV-news coverages about &ldquo / children who get hurt&rdquo / , &ldquo / children who are kidnapped&rdquo / , &ldquo / starving children in poor countries&rdquo / , and &ldquo / animals who get hurt&rdquo / were found as the most fearful for children. In all coverages of TV-news, girls got higher fear scores than boys. According to results, the images, and sounds of human beings and animals were the most threatful parts of TV-news for children. As reaction to fearful TV-news, girls mostly experienced difficulty sleeping, whereas boys behaved irritably. Both girls and boys also experienced obsessive thoughts about events in TV-news. The results of the present theses are expected to shed light on understanding the relationship between fears of children and TV-news.

Published Article / This exploratory and descriptive study examines the perceptions of first-year science students regarding their preparedness for the programme, their preferences and their fears as they embark on university education for the first time. A questionnaire was used to collect data from all the first year students enrolled in the programme in 2008. Seventy students answered the questionnaire from a class of 78. Both quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were used to analyse and present data in the study. The results showed that students differed in their preparedness for the programme, their preferences regarding teaching methodologies, learning methods, and classroom climates, and the kinds of fear or apprehension about the programme and university education. Some recommendations regarding the teaching and learning of science are made.

Student Number : 9603194F - MA research report - School of Human and Community Development - Faculty of Humanities / The primary objective of this study was to explore what primary school learners’ knowledge and fears of HIV/AIDS were. The researcher surveyed 633 primary school learners from four primary schools in Lenasia (Gauteng, South of Johannesburg). Learners were drawn from Grade 6 (n=292; 46%) and Grade 7 (n=341; 54%). The majority of learners ranged from 11 years to 15 years of age, with a mean age of 12.22 years (SD = 0.89). Quantitative methods were employed to analyse the data collected. Most of the assumptions for a parametric test were met, except for the sample distribution, which seemed to have been slightly skewed, i.e. the sample consisted of more Black learners (n=407) than Indian learners (n=226). Concurring with recent evidence, this study found knowledgeability about AIDS among respondents to be moderately high; however, it was evident that learners held misconceptions concerning HIV/AIDS. The answers provided by learners in this study indicated that the awareness of the severity of the disease was higher amongst Black learners than Indian learners. Those learners who were more knowledgeable about AIDS were not necessarily less fearful of contracting AIDS. The results derived from the two-way ANOVA and regression models indicate that there appears to be a significant gender difference, as more females were worried of getting AIDS than males. These were just some of the main findings of the study. The limitations of the study were also discussed.

Tyrimo objektas: Vaikų patiriamos baimes. Tyrimo tikslas: Išsiaiškinti trečių - ketvirtų klasių mokinių dažniausiai patiriamas baimes. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Išsiaiškinti kokias baimes dažniausiai patiria vaikai. 2. Palyginti trečių – ketvirtų klasių mokinių patiriamas baimes pagal lytį. 3. Palyginti trečiokų ir ketvirtokų dažniausiai patiriamas baimes. Hipotezė: ketvirtos klasės vaikai dažniau patiria baimes susijusias su kitais žmonėmis nei trečiokai. Tyrimo metodika: trečios ir ketvirtos klasės mokinių patiriamas baimes tirti buvo naudojama A. Zacharovo (adaptuota Lietuvoje Zambacevičienės, 2006) klausimynas apie baimes. Tyrimo imtis: 157 respondentų: 81 – 3 klasės ir 76 – 4 klasės mokinių. Išvados: 1. Gauti tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad vaikai dažniausiai patiria tokias baimes: bijo likti vienas namuose, baubų, griaustinio, uragano, mirti, pasiklysti miške, kraujo, gydytojų skiepų, gyvūnų (naminių), žvėrių (laukinių), ugnies, gaisro, negerų vaikų, kurio nors žmogaus, kuris galėtų nuskriausti. 2. Paaiškėjo, jog trečiokių mergaičių baimės dažniau susijusios su gyvūnais, mitiniais personažais, o ketvirtokių – su žmonėmis, nelaimėmis, gamtos reiškiniais (p<0,05). Analogiški skirtumai rasti palyginus ir trečios bei ketvirtos klasės berniukų atsakymus apie patiriamas baimes (p<0,05). Paaiškėjo, kad ketvirtokai palyginus su trečiokais (tiek mergaitės tiek berniukai) žymiai dažniau nurodė, kad „bijau mirti“ (p<0,05). 3. Trečios klasės mokinių patiriamos baimės: likti vienas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of the analysis: fears experienced by children. The aim of the thesis: to determine fears commonly experienced by the third-fourth grade students. Objectives of the analysis: 1. To determine what fears are usually experienced by children. 2. To compare fears experienced by the third-fourth grade students in accordance to gender. 3. To compare fears experienced by the third-fourth grade students. Hypothesis: the fourth grade students experience fears associated with other people more often than the third grade students. Keywords: primary school pupil, fears, anxiety, experienced. Methods of analysis: to analyse fears experienced by the third-fourth grade students A. Zacharov’s questionnaire on fears (adapted in Lithuania by Zambacevičienė, 2006) was used. The survey sample: 157 respondents: 81 third grade and 76 fourth grade students. Conclusions: 1. The obtained results showed that children usually experience the following fears: fear of staying home alone, fear of bugaboos, thunder, storm, dying, getting lost in the woods, blood, medical vaccinations, animals (domestic), wild animals, fire, mean children, a particular person whou could hurt them. 2. It was determined that fears of female third grade students are more often associated with animals, mythical characters, and those of female fourth grade students – with people, accidents, natural phenomena (p<0.05). Similar differences were found when comparing the answers of male third and fourth grade students... [to full text]

Då det verkar finnas begränsat med forskning kring människors upplevelse av ”att följa sitt hjärta”, samt hinder och förutsättningar för det, syftade denna studie till att hitta de gemensamma dragen för detta fenomen. En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats användes för att studera respondenternas livsvärld. Åtta djupintervjuer och två skriftliga intervjuer genomfördes med fem män och fem kvinnor. Analysen resulterade i sex centrala komponenter, fenomenets essens. En individ som följer sitt hjärta är (1) närvarande i nuet och (2) har modet att våga och då (3) känns det rätt. Om den låter sig hindras av (4) stress och sina (5) rädslor (6) mår den dåligt. En förhoppning är att resultatet skulle kunna leda till ett mentalt uppvaknande samt bidra till ett ökat psykiskt välbefinnande i samhället.

No description available.

Since the crusades, terrorism has been a form of violence used to promote some kind of agenda, whether political, social, religious or ideological (Martin 2018). With many different definitions of what constitutes terrorism, it is somewhat difficult to measure what exact impact terrorism has had globally. Attacks such as those on 9/11 in the United States and the Manchester bombings have been accepted worldwide as examples of acts of international terrorism. International terrorist attacks have lasting effects on both those directly affected as well as the larger community and beyond. Studies have shown that Americans are overly afraid of terrorism given their risk and want to put a complete and 'final' end to terrorism (Friedman 2011; Mueller 2005). Additionally, media outlets and politicians speak of threats and demand action which spreads fear and perceived risk (Bloch-Elkon 2011; Nellis and Savage 2012). This study seeks to contribute to the previous literature on people's fears regarding terrorism and how their emotions affect the desires to have action done regarding terrorist attacks. The current research uses a sample of 302 people to compare the levels of fear and the likelihood to want more action taken towards terrorism. The results from the statistical analysis show that fears and desire to seek action are shaped by many different variables. Gender was found to be the biggest predictor of higher levels of fear and political affiliation was determined to be the strongest predictor for desire to seek action.

No description available.

Thesis (MSc (Psychology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / As part of the South African government’s strategy to support those with HIV/AIDS and their relatives, HIV/AIDS service points have been established at Public Health Facilities. An increasing number of HIV-positive children and their caretakers receive treatment here. Indirectly the paediatric patients’ uninfected caretakers and the adult patients’ children also come into contact with the Public Health System during visits. The HIV-positive and uninfected children and caretakers form a heterogeneous HIV/AIDS-affected population, which may experience particular fears due to their particular circumstances. Circumstance-particular coping strategies may be necessary. Children do, however, also experience normative childhood fears and their coping strategies display developmental characteristics. Direct and indirect learning experiences furthermore may contribute to children’s experience of fear. The participants were 40 HIV/AIDS-affected children (M = 9.4 years; HIV-positive = 30.0%) and their caretakers (N = 34; M = 36.7 years; HIV-positive = 76.5%) who had been in contact with the Public Health System of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. There were five sub-objectives. Regarding the children the objectives were to consider, against the background of normative literature, whether the target group was a special population regarding their (1) fears and (2) coping strategies. Furthermore the objective was (3) to get to know the children’s world through their learning experiences. Concerning the caretakers the objectives were to explore their personal (4) fears and (5) coping strategies. In addition the caretakers’ perceptions about their children’s fears and coping strategies were gathered. The study was explorative and a mixed methodological research model was used. Data were gathered through individual interviews. The children also completed the Goodenough-Harris Drawing Test (GHD) and the caregivers a demographic questionnaire. Data were analysed by using a combination of qualitative and quantitative strategies. The children reported normative childhood fears, mainly of wild animals. A substantial minority of the children reported fears connected to crime, an unsafe transport system, death, illness, and HIV/AIDS and special circumstances were therefore identified. The children’s coping strategies were circumstance-specific and problem-focused avoidance reported most. Living in a modern society these children’s fears have also been influenced by for instance television. The fears and coping strategies reported by the children and their care-takers’ perceptions thereof, concurred. The caretakers’ personal fears mainly were connected to psycho-social needs and social roles, which stand central during adulthood. Specifically fears about the children’s welfare were reported most. The caretakers reported crime and animalrelated fears similar to their children. A search for social support as well as preventative action were the coping strategies that were reported most. A noteworthy preventative-action strategy seemed to be healthy eating habits, given the controversy about natural products being used as HIV/AIDS treatment within the South African context. The findings were integrated within a systems-theoretical framework. The fears and coping strategies of the HIV/AIDSaffected children and their caretakers were interpreted to be the result of an interaction between their personal characteristics and their social environment.