Submitted by Mariana Pereira do Rego null (mari_rego@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-16T20:18:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mariana_Pereira_Rego.pdf: 4943487 bytes, checksum: 68ba15599a9a9ea2ef69bfd9006ecf39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-01-17T12:39:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rego_mp_me_prud.pdf: 4943487 bytes, checksum: 68ba15599a9a9ea2ef69bfd9006ecf39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T12:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rego_mp_me_prud.pdf: 4943487 bytes, checksum: 68ba15599a9a9ea2ef69bfd9006ecf39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / A interpretação de um mapa é facilitada com a utilização de textos, os quais facilitam a comunicação do mapa. Os mapas de Sistema de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel (SINGRA) utilizam textos na área mapeada com a finalidade de auxiliar o motorista na tarefa de navegação. Os nomes de vias são um dos elementos mais importantes no uso como informação de guia de rota. A literatura na área da Cartografia apresenta recomendações para rotular feições cartográficas em mapas estáticos. Porém, os mapas exibidos em SINGRA são dinâmicos e apresentados em um esquema de referência egocêntrica. Então, é questionado se as indicações propostas pela literatura podem ser generalizadas para esse tipo de representação. Este trabalho avalia o tempo de leitura de nomes de vias em mapas de SINGRA, levando-se em consideração diferentes posicionamentos da toponímia de via em mapas com diferentes padrões de malha viária. Para esta avaliação foram projetados 16 mapas, oito com padrão de malha viária regular e oito com padrão de malha viária irregular. Um conjunto apresentou nomes de vias com posicionamento alinhado horizontalmente e outro com os nomes seguindo a via. A concepção dos mapas foi baseada em princípios de agrupamento perceptível, segregação de figura-fundo, bem como em técnicas de tipografia, uso de tipos na cartografia e, também, na análise de mapas de sistemas de navegação de ampla utilização no mercado. A avaliação foi realizada com 20 motoristas novos. O experimento ocorreu dentro de um automóvel estacionado. A tarefa do participante foi buscar um nome de via no mapa exibido em uma tela de pequenas dimensões, bem como falar em voz alta o nome da via solicitada pelo pesquisador. A duração do tempo de leitura foi extraída e analisada. Em mapa com padrão de malha viária regular, a análise estatística mostrou que não houve diferença significativa no tempo de leitura entre os diferentes posicionamentos do texto, tanto para o nome da via em que se encontra quanto para o nome da via em que irá entrar. Por outro lado, em mapa com padrão de malha viária irregular e nome com o posicionamento alinhado horizontalmente, a análise estatística dos dados revelou que o tempo de leitura do nome da via em que o motorista irá entrar é significativamente mais rápido do que a leitura do nome da via em que se encontra. Maiores implicações são apresentadas e discutidas. / Reading a map is facilitated by using texts, which facilitate the communication of the map. InCar Route Guidance and Navigation System maps (RGNS) use texts in the map to assist drivers in the navigation task. Road names are one of the most important elements in the use as route guidance information. The literature in the Cartography field presents recommendations for labeling cartographic features in static maps. However, maps showed in RGNS are dynamic and presented in an egocentric reference. Thus, it is questioned whether those results can be generalized to this kind of representation. This work evaluates the time in which drivers start reading road names in maps of RGNS, taking into account different positions for the road toponymy in maps with different road network patterns. For this evaluation, 16 maps were designed; eight with road pattern similar to a regular-grid network and eight with road pattern similar to an irregular-grid network. Half of the maps were designed with names aligned horizontally and the other half with names following the road. Creating maps was based on principles of perceptual grouping, figure-ground segregation, as well techniques of typography, use of types in Cartography and, also, in the analysis of some maps of navigation systems with high acceptance in the market. The evaluation was performed with 20 drivers aged between 20 and 30 years. The experiment took place inside a car parked. The task of the participant was looking for a street name showed in a small screen and speech in a loud voice the name requested by the researcher. The time took to start reading was gathered an analyzed. For maps with road pattern similar to a regular-grid network the analysis showed no significant difference in the time in which drivers start reading road names among different text positioning, both for road name where they are located and for road name where they will turn. On the other hands, for maps with road pattern similar to an irregular road network and name aligned horizontally, the statistical analysis revealed the reading time for the name in which drivers will turn is significantly faster than reading time for the name in which drivers are located. More implications are presented and discussed.

In the thesis Language Analysis of Baroque Sermon I deal with the morphological level of the Baroque sermon written by Karel Václav Černý Medotekoucí sláva na hůře Libanu (Fame on Liban Mountain) dating back to 1727. The thesis is a follow-up of my bachelor thesis analyzing the syntactic level of sermon. Besides this it involved the exposition concerning the Baroque time and the Saint John of Nepomuk. For this reason I do not state this information in my thesis. The thesis is based on the research of grammatical means applied in the text, as in view of the scope the thesis could not be focused on the lexical and stylistic level. Theoretical base are for me the present as well as the historical grammar books. I classify word classes acquired by excerption and focus on their characteristic features. I try to prove everything by examples found in the text. The target of this thesis is to compare the Baroque grammatical means with the means of the present Czech language.

L’hexabromocyclododécane (HBCD) a été utilisé comme additif dans des polystyrènes (PS). En 2013, l’HBCD a été inclus à la Convention de Stockholm comme Polluant Organique Persistant. Les denrées alimentaires d’origine animale (DAOA) constituent la source principale d’exposition de la population générale à ce polluant. Le niveau moyen d’exposition du consommateur ne représente pas un risque majeur pour la sécurité sanitaire des aliments (EFSA, 2011). Malgré des concentrations moyennes généralement proches d’un ng g-1 lipides dans les DAOA, des concentrations maximales supérieures à 2000 ng g-1 lipides dans certains échantillons d’œuf ont été rapportées. Plusieurs sources potentielles d’exposition orale des volailles existent. Les poules pondeuses pourraient être exposées majoritairement à l’isomère α-HBCD. Au vu de l’absence d’informations dans la littérature sur le devenir de l’α-HBCD chez la poule pondeuse, une expérimentation in vivo a été réalisée et a permis d’estimer la plupart des paramètres cinétiques du devenir de l’α-HBCD ingéré chez la poule pondeuse. Un modèle pharmacocinétique basé sur la physiologie (PBPK) de transfert de l’α-HBCD chez la poule pondeuse a été développé, calibré par des données de la littérature, soumis à analyse de sensibilité et plusieurs paramètres ont été ajustés sur des résultats in vivo. Une validation du modèle a été testée. Ce modèle a permis de déterminer l’influence des caractéristiques physiologiques de la poule pondeuse sur le devenir de l’α-HBCD en cas d’exposition à la molécule. Parmi les caractéristiques d’intérêt, le poids vif (PV) est celle qui influence le plus la concentration d’α-HBCD dans les tissus et les œufs. Un PV bas et des performances de ponte réduites prédisposent à une concentration plus élevée dans ces matrices. La mue produit une augmentation de la charge corporelle de la molécule. Ce modèle peut être extrapolé à d’autres animaux et molécules lipophiles après modification de certains paramètres / Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) has been used as an additive in polystyrene (PS). In 2013, HBCD was included in the Stockholm Convention as a Persistent Organic Pollutant. The foodstuffs of animal origin are the main source of exposure of the general population to this pollutant. The mean exposure level of the consumers to HBCD doesn’t represent a major risk to the food safety (EFSA, 2011). In spite of mean concentrations generally close to 1 ng g-1 lipids in the foodstuffs of animal origin, maximal concentrations higher than 2000 ng g-1 lipids have been reported in some egg samples. There are several potential sources of oral exposure of the hens to this pollutant. The hens could be exposed mainly to the α-HBCD isomer. Since the bibliographic synthesis highlights the absence of information about the α-HBCD kinetics in the laying hen, an in vivo experience has been realized and has allowed the estimation of the majority of the α-HBCD kinetic parameters in the laying hen. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model has been developed, calibrated by literature data, submit to a sensitivity analysis and some parameters have been adjusted on the basis of experimental data. A validation of the model has been attempted. This model has allowed to determine the influence of the main physiological characteristics of the laying hen exposed to the molecule on the α-HBCD accumulation in tissues and transfer to eggs. Among the physiological characteristics of concern, the body weight (BW) is the main feature influencing the α-HBCD kinetics. If the hen is exposed to the α-HBCD, a low BW and low laying performances predispose the hen to have higher concentrations of the molecule in all the matrices. The molting stage raises the body charge of the molecule. This model can be extrapolated to other animals and lipophilic molecules after modification of some parameters

The diploma thesis deals with the suggestopedical English language teaching in the context of leisure education. Characterizes the interest adult learning as a part of lifelong education, defines its objectives, functions, motivation and language barriers within the adult education. More specifically, it focuses on the alternative method suggestopedia in detail; it examines its origin, development, features and principles. It describes the different stages of learning that forms the characteristic profile of this unconventional method. The empirical part is focused on the suggestopedic course itself. The use of case study helped to understand the features of suggestopedic education, processes and conditions from the point of experiences and attitudes of the course participants, i.e. the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the mobility of the spine, the condition of flaton and the basic anthropological characteristics of boys and girls aged 13 and 15 years. Testing will be performed with non-invasive, standard tests and tests used in anthropological and medical practice. The data will be compared with the results of previous research. From the measured values, basic somatic dimensions, such as body weight, body height, circumference of right arm and head, were selected. The body mass index was calculated from body weight and height values. The diploma thesis deals with the assessment of the mobility of spine and flats. The Stibor test, Otto's test, Schober's test, the Cepoj test, the lateroflex test, and the modified Thomayer test were selected from the tests that evaluated the spine. In spine functional tests, the most interesting results of the Čepoj symptom are that the average values of cervical spine mobility deteriorate with the increasing age of boys. In the lateroflex tests, 13-year-old girls and 15-year-old boys beat the best average values. Additionally, these boys had the worst results in Stibor and Schrober's flag when deflected, but paradoxically achieved the best average values. The findings were compared with the results of previous research.

This research is embedded in the Chomskyan linguistic theory, specifically in the Principles and Parameters framework (Chomsky, 1981 and following) and its more recent reformulations, namely, the Minimalist Program (Chomsky, 1995 and following) and it has as main objectives to analyze and to explain the acquisition process of grammatical number agreement between the elements of the DP in Brazilian Portuguese and to explain the diversity found in the speech data of children with regard to the realization of grammatical number. The acquisition data presented in this investigation are the spontaneous production of two children in the acquisition phase of the city of Maceió-AL, one male and one female, with 2, 11 and 3, 5 respectively. Data from other languages are derived from other studies have made. We hypothesize that the information corresponding to the number on the items that form the functional category Determinant (D) is of fundamental importance for the identification number of the grammatical system of the Portuguese, being the decisive factor responsible for the core agreement between the nominal number of elements of DP in PB. Put another way, the core where the number would be interpretable trace is a parameter to be fixed and the core in determining the number that would be interpretable in BP. This would explain the fact that where agreement is non-redundant, BW brand morphological number appears in the determinant, the other way, ie, one in which the morpheme is adjoined only to the name, an ungrammatical form, at least in PB. This would explain the fact that where agreement is non-redundant, BW brand morphological number appears in the determinant, the other way, i. e, one in which the morpheme is adjoined only to the name, an ungrammatical form, at least in PB. Regarding the agreement between the DP flexionáveis elements, we assume as in Chomsky (1988, 1989) that this is due to a syntactic operation, Agree, but recast in Frampton & Gutmann (2000a). With this reformulation, it is assumed as a sharing agreement between core syntactic features. The results of the analysis of language production of children acquiring the CP, we can conclude that the appearance of determinants can be defined as a trigger for the parameter of agreement nominal internal elements of the DP, the trace of definiteness is crucial for setting the parameter agreement, and the co-occurrence in the speech patterns of children from non-redundant and redundant grammatical and even ungrammatical pattern. We conclude that this fact can be explained due to the variation of the input to which the child is exposed, ie, input variable has also resulted in an output variable. Thinking of PB in the data, we conclude that D is, being the head of the chain-б responsible for definiteness and semantic interpretation at LF, bearing the mark of plural. Where have varieties of brand PB morphology on all elements of the phrase, we can consider that the brand is spreading because of the sharing features. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Esta pesquisa está inserida na Teoria Linguística Chomskyana, mais especificamente no modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros (Chomsky, 1981 e seguintes) e em suas reformulações mais recentes, a saber, o Programa Minimalista (Chomsky, 1995 e seguintes) e apresenta como principais objetivos analisar e explicar o processo de aquisição da concordância de número gramatical entre os elementos do DP no Português Brasileiro e explicar a diversidade encontrada nos dados de fala de crianças no que diz respeito à realização gramatical de número. Os dados de aquisição apresentados nesse trabalho são de produção espontânea de duas crianças em fase de aquisição da cidade de Maceió- AL, uma do sexo masculino e outra do sexo feminino, com 2;11 e 3;5 respectivamente. Os dados de outras línguas são retirados de outros trabalhos já constituídos. Hipotetizamos que a informação correspondente a número constante nos itens que formam a categoria funcional Determinante (D) é de fundamental importância para a identificação do sistema gramatical de número no português, sendo o Determinante o núcleo responsável pela concordância nominal de número entre os elementos do DP no PB. Dizendo de outro modo, o núcleo em que o traço de número seria interpretável é um parâmetro a ser fixado e o determinante o núcleo em que o número seria interpretável no PB. Isso explicaria o fato de que nos casos em que ocorre concordância não-redundante em PB, a marca morfológica de número aparecer no determinante, sendo a outra forma, ou seja, aquela em que o morfema é adjungido apenas ao nome, uma forma agramatical, pelo menos em PB. No que tange à concordância entre os elementos flexionáveis do DP, assumimos assim como em Chomsky (1988, 1989) que essa acontece devido a uma operação sintática, Agree, mas reformulada por Frampton & Gutmann (2000a). Com essa reformulação, assume-se concordância como compartilhamento de traços entre núcleos sintáticos. Com os resultados das análises das produções linguísticas das crianças adquirindo o PB, podemos concluir que o aparecimento de determinantes definidos possa ser um dado acionador para o parâmetro da concordância nominal interna aos elementos do DP, sendo o traço de definitude crucial para a fixação do parâmetro de concordância, além da co-ocorrência na fala das crianças dos padrões gramaticais redundantes e não redundantes e ainda do padrão agramatical. Concluímos que esse fato é explicável devido à variação do input ao qual a criança está exposta, ou seja, input variável tem como conseqüência um output também variável. Pensando ainda nos dados do PB, concluímos que é D, por ser a cabeça da cadeia- б o responsável pela definitude e pela interpretação semântica em LF, carregando a marca de plural. Nos casos em que as variedades do PB apresentam marca morfológica em todos os elementos do sintagma, podemos considerar que a marca se alastra por conta do compartilhamento de traços.

In this thesis, I develop a lexicon-syntactic study about the internal structure of the personal pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth BP), aiming the investigation of which the formative features of a pronoun in BP are and their relationship with the syncretism phenomenon. Empirically, I show a description of the internal structure of the personal pronouns in BP, showing that the traditional φ-features which build a pronoun (person, number and gender) are actually categories which bare more elemental features which define the content and the shape of a pronoun. More elementary component structures of the categories person, number and gender are able to describe satisfactorily the pronoun paradigm in BP. Therefore, the different pronouns (and their syntactic roles) can be described through their inner composition, holding some features, such as [SPECIFIC], once considered out of their structure. Theoretically, I define which elementary formative features that form a pronoun are, how this composition is made and which its syntactic consequences are. To do so, I adopt a feature geometry developed based on Harley & Ritter (2002) and Béjar (2003)`s proposals. I assume, then, that the pronoun formative features obey a hierarchy which is based on underspecification. The φ-theory proposed by Béjar (2003; 2008) supports adequately the pronoun compositionality developed for BP. Likewise, decomposition for Case categories is made as an optimal solution for Case configuration, which takes into account evidence from languages like English and BP, which present Case differences only in their personal pronouns. Case, then, is treated geometrically, analogue to that proposed to φ-features. As a result, Case categories in BP obey the geometry [C[OBL[GEN][ABL]]]. A value mechanism for these features is proposed also analogue to the one for φ-features. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nesta tese, desenvolvo um estudo lexico-sintático sobre a estrutura interna dos pronomes pessoais em Português Brasileiro (doravante PB), visando investigar quais são os traços formativos do pronome em PB e sua relação com o fenômeno do sincretismo. Empiricamente, apresento uma descrição da estrutura interna dos pronomes pessoais em PB, mostrando que os tradicionais traços φ (pessoa, número e gênero) componentes destes pronomes são na verdade elementos categoriais que comportam traços mais elementares os quais definem tanto o conteúdo quanto a forma do pronome. Estruturas componentes mais atômicas das categorias pessoa, número e gênero são capazes de descrever satisfatóriamente o paradigma pronominal em PB. Assim, os diferentes pronomes (e os papéis que eles desempenham na sintaxe) podem ser descritos através de sua composição interna, compreendendo alguns traços, como [SPECIFIC], por exemplo, outrora considerados externos ao conjunto de traços φ. Teoricamente, defino quais são estes traços formativos mais elementares que compõem o pronome, como esta composição é feita e quais são seus reflexos sintáticos. Para tal, adoto uma geometria de traços desenvolvida com bases nas propostas de Harley & Ritter (2002) e Béjar (2003). Assumo, portanto, que os traços formativos do pronome seguem uma hierarquia e esta se dá com bases na subespecificação. A proposta de uma teoria φ, de Béjar (2003; 2008), suporta adequadamente a composicionalidade pronominal desenvolvida para o PB. Da mesma maneira, uma decomposição das categorias de Caso é feita como uma solução ótima para a configuração de Caso, levando em conta principalmente evidências de línguas como o inglês e o PB, que apresentam diferenças Casuias apenas em seus pronomes pessoais. Caso, portanto, é tratado a partir de uma geometria de traços, análoga àquela proposta para os trços φ. Assim, as categorias de Caso para o PB obedecem a geometria [C[OBL[GEN][ABL]]]. Um mecanismo de valoração destes traços é proposto também análogo àquele proposto para os traços φ.

In this research we aimed to analyze which features are determining to identify and legitimate Sluicing in Portuguese namely, ellipsis of interrogative phrases or WhP Ellipsis. Interrogative phrases or wh-phrases are those always legitimated and headed by a interrogative pronoun or wh-pronoun and their ellipsis are featured by a remaining of a subordinate wh-phrase. Indeed, that phenomenon has hardly ever been studied in Portuguese, lacking a determination of which features are essentials to configure WhP ellipsis in our language. Therefore through compared syntax we looked for examples in English, which has already many studies about the subject as well as other languages as German, Greek, Hebrew, only to mention a few ones. Our result shows up that similar to English, Portuguese as well is a language that allows two essential features to identify and legitimate WhP ellipsis, [+wh], that legitimate the elided structure, and [+focus] that mostly brings up a new attribute to approaches which justify that WhP ellipsis is resulted by moving operations. As a final point, the study of a last feature, E-feature, uniform in every language which allows Slucing, reveals itself as a highly determinant feature of the emptiness left by ellipsis, once [+wh] and [+focus] are features that typify the remaining of wh-phrase after deletion and on the other hand E is a feature that typifies the elided structure. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Nosso objetivo nesta pesquisa foi analisar quais traços são determinantes para a identificação e o licenciamento de truncamentos em português a saber, elipses de frases interrogadas ou elipses em WhP. As frases interrogadas ou frases-wh são aquelas sempre legitimadas e encabeçadas por um pronome interrogativo ou pronome-wh e cujas elipse é caracterizada pelo resquício de uma frase-wh encaixada. O fato é que o fenômeno tem sido ainda pouco estudado em português, faltando determinar que traços são fundamentais para a definição dessas elipses em nossa língua. Para tanto, buscamos também através da sintaxe comparada exemplos em línguas como o inglês, que já acumula estudos exaustivos sobre o fenômeno sintático, além de outras línguas como alemão, grego, hebraico, só para citar algumas. O resultado de nossa análise revela que semelhante ao inglês, o português é uma língua que admite dois traços essenciais para o licenciamento e identificação de elipses em WhP, [+wh] que licencia a estrutura elidida, e [+foco] que sobretudo dá uma nova configuração às abordagens que justificam que a elipse em WhP é resultante de operações de movimento. Por fim, a análise de um último traço, o traço-E, uniforme em toda língua que admite truncamentos, se revela como um traço especificamente característico do vazio deixado pela elipse, já que, por um lado, [+wh] e [+foco] são traços que caracterizam o resquício da frase-wh restante após a operação de apagamento, e por outro, E é um traço que caracteriza a estrutura elidida.

"Liszt's music, unlike that of Mozart, projects the man. With rare immediacy, it gives away the character of the composer. ... " (Brendel 1986, 3) The purpose of this study is to examine Liszt's song genre from an historical and stylistic standpoint as a reflection of Liszt's ongoing personality and style development. this end the following will be presented: - an overview of Liszt's life circumstances which reflect his personality development - a chronological classification ofLiszt's song genre - the songs viewed historically as a reflection of the man - characteristics in the revisions of the songs which reveal Liszt's ongoing developing style - a study of the development ofLiszt's harmonic and tonal language as agents of colour and textual imagery. Liszt's song oeuvre will be studied in relation to the man himself in order to revtal his motives, his values, the experiences that moved him, and the ways in which he reproduced them in music. / Department of Musicology / M.Mus.

A wide variety of aspects of Machaka's poetry was treated. His poetry which is meaningful when viewed against his traditional culture brings inspiration and a formal mode of literary expression. Death was never accepted by the Tlokwa as an end to life. Machaka has succeeded in blending the ancestral worship with Christian faith. He has used euphemism to modify pain. He makes use of imagery to execute cruelty and bluntness of death. Machaka's protest poetry echoes the same protest of those of other protesters. These refer to the injustice the Blacks experienced from the white regime prior to independence. From his love poems, it is noticed that Machaka is a great lover. When he is in love, he becomes a slave. Machaka uses traditional and modem praise poetry techniques. This made him manage to produce poetry which made a definite impact on Northern Sotho literature and contributed to its depth / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)